Hazard Mitigation Article - CoBRA

Removal of federal subsidies from CoBRA lands can either be _____________ by state and local responses

counteracted or reinforced

Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) focus on restriction of?

growth in sensitive specified areas

CRS

Community Rating System

NFIP

National Flood Insurance Program

Why do implementation programs fail?

implementing agencies are thwarted by inter and intra organizational politicking and signaling

purpose of subidies

internalize externalities - create healthy competition

CoBRA does not _____________, but does transfer some cost of development to _____________

regulate land use, the private sector/state/local gov'ts

What is the caveat to the results?

the land may have been unattractive for development due to other reasons than its CoBRA designation.

What are the 3 purposes of CoBRA?

1) minimize loss of life 2) reduce wasteful expenditures of federal revenues 3) protect fish, wildlife, and other natural resources.

CoBRA

1982 U.S. Coastal Barrier Resources Act

What did the results of this study suggest?

CoBRA is more effective than market pressure, but less effective than OPA at managing growth

Why has there been extensive development in hazardous coastal areas?

Because federal money had been available to build and rebuild structures not fully covered by insurance

UGB

Urban Growth Boundary

USB

Urban Service Boundaries

Urban service boundaries (USBs) are one instrument used by CoBRA to?

set expectations that services, such as sanitary sewers and water supply, are not publicly provided outside their specified areas

How did the results of the study compare to each of the 4 hypotheses?

• CoBRA resists development - fail to reject • withdrawal of federal subsidies positively reacts with stronger local & state restrictions - fail to reject • CoBRA causes luxury effect - fail to reject • Development will spill into CoBRA units - Fail to reject (sig. outliers)

The CoBRA prohibits federal assistance for?

• facilitating the construction of critical physical infrastructure • flood insurance in specified areas •