HD - Final Exam
Which best describes race/Hispanic origin and gender trends in suicide? A. Regardless of gender, non-Hispanic Whites have the highest rates of suicide. B. Regardless of gender, American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest rates of suicide. C. Although American Indian/Alaska Native men have the highest risk of suicide among men, non-Hispanic White women have higher suicide rates than American Indian/Alaska Native women. D. None of these E. All of these
B
(check all that apply) Hispanics/Latinos rank 2nd in terms of years of potential life lost for which conditions? A. Homicide B. Diabetes C. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis D. None of these
AC
In which two states (almost half) of Hispanics live? A. Texas B. Georgia C. California D. New York E. Florida F. None of these
AC
According to the "Who is Latino?" reading, people from which of the following places would be considered Hispanic? (check all that apply) A. Puerto Rico B. Portugal C. Peru D. Spain E. Cuba
ACDE
According to Dr. Camara Jones' "Reactions to Race" study, which matters most for health? A. N/A: both matter the same B. Socially-assigned race/ethnicity (how others perceive you) C. Self-identified race/ethnicity (how you classify yourself)
B
According to Dr. Jones' "The Gardener's Tale" analogy, which level of racism does the gardener represent? A. Racialized prejudice B. Institutionalized racism C. Personally-mediated racism D. Internalized racism
B
According to Mohatt and colleagues (2014), to what group was the concept "historical trauma" first applied? A. Armenian refugees B. Children of Holocaust survivors C. Indigenous Australians D. Japanese American children of those sent to U.S. internment camps E. Palestinian youth
B
According to the "Immigration Myths and Facts: Behind the Fallacies" reading, which of the following terms is used to describe the historical pattern of immigration from Mexico? A. Forced migration B. Circular C. Reflexive D. Inverted
B
In which region of the country do most Puerto Ricans live? A. Southwest B. Northeast C. None of these D. South E. Midwest
B
What best describes the prevalence of diabetes among American Indians over time? A. Diabetes prevalence has decreased rapidly across American Indian history. B. Diabetes prevalence has increased rapidly across American Indian history. C. Diabetes has traditionally had a high prevalence across American Indian history.
B
Where do Hispanic/Latino men and women rank in terms of HIV rates? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th
B
According to the "Health of Hispanic Adults: United States, 2010-2014" reading, which Hispanic subgroup tends to have the worst health? A. Mexicans B. Central and South Americans C. Cubans D. Puerto Ricans
D
According to the "Immigration Myths and Facts: Behind the Fallacies" reading, immigrants have skills at the _____ of the skills spectrum. A. Low end B. Middle C. Low end and middle D. Very high and very low ends E. High end
D
Among Hispanic/Latino immigrants, which is the most commonly reported reason for migrating to the United States? A. Conflict/persecution in one's home country B. Educational opportunities C. None of these D. Economic reasons E. Family reasons
D
Between 2010 and 2050, the Hispanic/Latino population is expected to: A. Roughly triple in size B. Remain the same C. Decrease by roughly 10% D. Roughly double in size
D
According to Dr. Camara Jones, which level of racism explains the association between socioeconomic status and race? In other words, why do people of color tend to have low SES? A. None of these B. Internalized racism C. All of these D. Personally-mediated racism E. Institutionalized racism
E
According to the "Seven Major Immigration Myths Debunked" reading, for recent and past waves of immigrants, by what generation do descendants of immigrants tend to speak only English? A. First generation B. Fifth generation C. Fourth generation D. Second generation E. Third generation
E
According to the "Who is Latino?" reading, in American politics, Hispanics are often assumed to have which political party affiliation? A. Republican B. Tea Party C. Socialist D. Libertarian E. Democratic
E
In "Unnatural Causes - Bad Sugar," which of the following factors did the physician wish he could prescribe (to stop the spread of diabetes among the Pima Indians)? A. None of these B. Exercise C. All of these D. Better employment opportunities E. Affluence F. Diet
E
In general, Asians have higher SES than Whites. Which SES indicator is the exception? A. Household income B. Poverty status C. Educational attainment D. None of these E. Wealth
E
The largest proportion of Cubans live in which state? A. California B. New York C. Arizona D. Texas E. Florida F. None of these
E
According to Dr. Camara Jones, personally-mediated racism cannot occur if it is unintentional. True False
F
According to Dr. Camara Jones, the United States has never signed the "International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination." True False
F
According to Dr. Camara Jones, the major cause of health disparities is individual-level health behaviors, not institutional racism. True False
F
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is only an important public health problem for American Indian/Alaska Native men (not women). True False
False
Historical trauma is no different from individual trauma in that both are experienced at the individual, not collective level. True False
False
The Gila River has never been returned to the Pima Indians. True False
False
The U.S. government has kept virtually all the promises made to American Indians in the form of treaties. True False
False
The concept of historical trauma only applies to the generation that experienced the event directly. True False
False
The government food commodity program offered to American Indians features healthy food. True False
False
The term "American Indians" only refers to those indigenous to North America, not South or Central America. True False
False
More than half of foreign-born STEM recipients are of Asian descent. True False
T
Only about one-quarter (24%) of Hispanics/Latinos identify using the "Hispanic/Latino" label. True False
T
The "immigrant paradox" refers to the finding that immigrants who were born elsewhere and migrate to the United States exhibit better health than their same-race/ethnic counterparts who were born in the United States. True False
T
The U.S. Census Bureau will likely combine the race and Hispanic origin questions into a single question on the 2020 Census. True False
T
The health of Hispanic immigrants tends to deteriorate over time, as they spend more time in the United States. True False
T
The construction of dams stopped the flow of the Gila River to American Indians in the West. True False
True
In which region of the country do most American Indians/Alaska Natives live? A. South B. Midwest C. West D. Northeast
C
How do the age-specific mortality rates for American Indians/Alaska Natives (across the life course) compare to the age-specific mortality rates of Asians/Pacific Islanders? A. American Indians/Alaska Natives have HIGHER mortality rates than Asians/Pacific Islanders for almost all age groups. B. None of these C. American Indians/Alaska Natives have LOWER mortality rates than Asians/Pacific Islanders for almost all age groups. D. American Indians/Alaska Natives have similar mortality rates as Asians/Pacific Islanders.
A
How would you characterize race/Hispanic origin and gender differences in rates of current smoking? A. The smallest gender gap in smoking can be found among American Indians/Alaska Natives. B. None of these C. The gender gap in smoking is similar among all race/ethnic groups. D. The largest gender gap in smoking can be found among American Indians/Alaska Natives.
A
(check all that apply) Hispanics/Latinos have lower age-specific death rates across the life course relative to which groups? A. Non-Hispanic Whites B. Asians/Pacific Islanders C. Non-Hispanic Blacks D. All of these
AC
Which best explains the healthy migrant argument for the Hispanic mortality paradox? A. Healthy migrants are more likely (than less healthy migrants) to be able to migrate to the U.S., which contributes to the better health of the Hispanic population in the United States. B. Migrants come to the U.S. to acquire health care so they become healthier when they arrive here. C. None of these - there is no association between migration and health status.
A
Which is the second largest subgroup of Hispanics living in the United States? A. Puerto Ricans B. None of these C. Mexicans D. Cubans E. Dominicans
A
Which of the following were major consequences of the loss of the Gila River? (check all that apply) A. American Indians became dependent on the government food commodity program. B. American Indians were no longer able to grow their own food. C. American Indians became hunters instead of farmers. D. None of these E. Rates of diabetes spiked among American Indians.
ABE
American Indian/Alaska Native women have the highest rate of homicide deaths among all women. True False
False
Which best explains the data reliability hypothesis for the Hispanic mortality paradox? A. Hispanics/Latinos are sometimes confused about which categories to select on the Census. B. Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified by physicians, medical examiners, and/or funeral homes, which leads to an UNDERCOUNT of their mortality rates. In other words, Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified as White. C. Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified by physicians, medical examiners, and/or funeral homes, which leads to an OVERCOUNT of their mortality rates. In other words, deaths in other groups are often misclassified as Hispanic. D. The racial/ethnic classification for Hispanic/Latino deaths is far more accurate than the classification of other race/ethnic groups.
B
Which factor accounted for the loss of the Gila River among the Pima Indians? A. none of these B. the construction of the Coolidge Dam C. severe drought D. construction of housing on the land through which the Gila River formerly ran E. contaminated soil
B
Which is the largest foreign-born Asian subgroup in the U.S. in 2011? (Hint: Refer to the "Foreign-Born Population from Asia by Country of Birth: 2011" slide) A. Filipinos B. Chinese C. Indians D. Koreans E. Vietnamese F. None of these
B
Which of these factors predict that the Hispanic mortality will persist (that is, that it will NOT dissipate)? In other words, why might the Hispanic survival advantage continue over time? A. High levels of acculturative stress B. Lower smoking rates/smoking-attributable mortality among Hispanics C. High rates of obesity and diabetes D. High disability rates E. Immigration-related health declines
B
The Hispanic Mortality Paradox refers to the fact that Hispanics have lower mortality rates than which group(s)? A. All of these B. The U.S. population as a whole C. Non-Hispanic Whites D. Asians or Pacific Islanders E. None of these
BC
According to the "Immigration Myths and Facts: Behind the Fallacies" reading, when can immigrants become eligible for most welfare benefits? A. Immigrants are never eligible for most welfare benefits, but their children are B. At least 15 years after becoming legal permanent residents C. At least 5 years after becoming legal permanent residents D. When become legal permanent residents
C
According to the "Seven Major Immigration Myths Debunked" reading, the rate of criminal offenses among migrants is _______ that of natives. A. Three times higher than B. Double C. Equal to D. Half
C
Leonard Syme, an epidemiologist at UC-Berkeley, stated that African Americans and Native Americans (among other groups) "....have totally different histories. They are all different populations, and yet they all have the same manifestation...what's going on? What's the common denominator?" What is the common denominator that causes high rates of diabetes for both of these groups? A. All of these B. None of these C. Being dispossessed over their land and losing major parts of their cultures D. High rates of alcoholism E. Similar genetic predispositions
C
Using Dr. Jones' cliff analogy, how best can we address the social determinants of health? A. Having a net or a trampoline at the bottom of the cliff B. Placing a fence at the edge of the cliff C. Moving the population away from the edge of the cliff D. Having an ambulance at the bottom of the cliff
C
Which best explains the salmon bias for the Hispanic mortality paradox? A. None of these B. Salmon have a long life span, like Hispanics/Latinos. C. Like salmon, Hispanic immigrants living in the U.S. often return to their home countries to die, which artificially UNDERESTIMATES their mortality rates here. D. Salmon die prematurely, like Hispanics/Latinos. E. Like salmon, Hispanic immigrants living in the U.S. often return to their home countries to die, which artificially OVERESTIMATES their mortality rates in the United States.
C
Which of the following statements is most true? A. Most American Indians currently live ON reservations because job opportunities are more abundant there. B. Most American Indians currently live ON reservations because they receive tax breaks to do so. C. Most American Indians currently live OUTSIDE OF reservations because of legislation promoting their assimilation to urban areas. D. Most American Indians currently live OUTSIDE OF reservations because they want to reject their culture and assimilate to American culture.
C
Which of these states has the highest rate of gun ownership? A. Alabama B. West Virginia C. Alaska D. None of these E. Idaho
C
Which race/Hispanic origin group has the highest rate of age-adjusted death rates due to accidental deaths (i.e., unintentional injuries)? A. Non-Hispanic Whites B. Non-Hispanic Blacks C. American Indians/Alaska Natives D. Asians/Pacific Islanders E. None of these F. Hispanics/Latinos
C
Which race/Hispanic origin group has the highest rate of current cigarette smoking? A. HIspanics/Latinos B. Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders C. American Indians/Alaska Natives D. None of these E. Non-Hispanic Whites F. Asians G. Non-Hispanic Blacks
C
Which race/Hispanic origin group has the youngest median age in the United States? A. Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders B. Non-Hispanic Whites C. Hispanics/Latinos D. Non-Hispanic Blacks E. American Indians/Alaska Natives F. Asian Americans
C
From Dr. Jones' "The Gardener's Tale" allegory, which factor best explains why the red flowers were tall and strong while the pink flowers were short and scrawny? A. The red flowers were watered more often. B. The red flowers were planted closest to the sun. C. None of these - the red and pink flowers are just naturally different D. The quality of the soil in which they were planted
D
How do age-specific mortality rates (across the life course) for American Indians/Alaska Natives compare to the age-specific mortality rates for non-Hispanic Blacks? A. None of these B. American Indians/Alaska Natives have similar mortality rates as non-Hispanic Blacks. C. Mortality rates are always higher among American Indians/Alaska Natives than non-Hispanic Blacks. D. Mortality rates are always lower among American Indians/Alaska Natives than non-Hispanic Blacks.
D
What best explains how the government food commodity program affected the health of American Indians? A. The program drastically improved health outcomes (including lower diabetes prevalence) among American Indians. B. The program did not change health outcomes among American Indians. C. None of these D. The program led to poorer health outcomes (including higher diabetes prevalence) among American Indians.
D
Which is the highest level of citizenship? A. Eligible immigrant B. None of these C. Unauthorized migrant D. Naturalized citizen E. Legal temporary migrant F. Legal permanent resident
D
Which is the largest Hispanic subgroup in the United States? A. None of these B. Cubans C. Puerto Ricans D. Mexicans E. Dominicans
D
Which is the most important commonality between American Indians and Alaska Natives? A. They reside in the same geographic regions. B. They experience similar rates of racial discrimination. C. None of these. D. They are both indigenous American populations. E. They are both highly unlikely to live subsistence lifestyles.
D
Which of the following cause(s) of death are important public health problems specific to BOTH Latino men and Latina women? A. Homicide B. Diabetes C. Accidents D. Liver disease and cirrhosis E. Respiratory Disease
D
Which was the largest Asian subgroup in 2010? A. Asian Indian B. Pakistani C. Korean D. Chinese E. Vietnamese F. Japanese G. Filipino
D
According to the "Age-Adjusted Rates of U.S. Mortality" chart, Hispanics/Latinos have both lower overall mortality rates AND lower mortality rates for all other major health conditions (e.g., diabetes, liver cancer, cervical cancer, HIV, and homicide), relative to the U.S. population. Put another way, is this statement true or false? Hispanics have lower mortality and lower morbidity than the U.S. population as a whole. True False
F
According to the "Who is Latino?" reading, immigration is the most important political issue to Hispanics. True False
F
Higher SES Hispanics are less likely to identify as being "a typical American" than lower SES Hispanics. True False
F
Hispanic immigrants have higher educational attainment than Asian immigrants. True False
F
Hispanics/Latinos who are born in the United States have better health than foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos. True False
F
Historically, U.S. immigration policy has always favored Asians and encouraged their migration to this country. True False
F
In general, Asians tend to lean Republican. True False
F
Indians are the largest Asian subgroup in the United States. True False
F
More than half of Hispanic/Latino immigrants are undocumented. *Hint: Please refer to "Table 3: Foreign-born population by legal status" slide.* True False
F
People who originate in any South American country would be considered "Hispanic or Latino" in the United States. True False
F
Regardless of how long they live in the U.S., foreign-born Hispanic immigrants retain their mortality advantage over U.S.-born Hispanics. True False
F
The majority of Hispanics believe that Hispanics living in the United States share a single common culture. True False
F
There is strong empirical evidence for the salmon bias theory to explain the Hispanic mortality paradox. True False
F
About half of Asians have earned a bachelor's degree. True False
T
According to Dr. Camara Jones, the system of racism is based on both unfair advantage and unfair disadvantage. True False
T
According to Dr. Jones, racism can include either acts of commission (action) or acts of omission (lack of action). True False
T
According to the "Health of Hispanic Adults: United States, 2010-2014" reading, Hispanic adults were more likely (than non-Hispanic adults) to report being in fair or poor health. True False
T
Data reliability hypothesis is better at explaining the Hispanic mortality paradox than the "salmon bias" hypothesis. True False
T
First-generation Hispanic immigrants are more likely to identify by their country of origin than they are to identify as being an American. True False
T
Foreign-born Asians are more likely than U.S.-born Asians to identify by their country of origin (than to identify as "American"). True False
T
Hispanics/Latinos tie for the lowest rate of health insurance coverage. True False
T
Large parts of the southwestern U.S. used to be former Mexican territory. True False
T
Many Hispanics/Latino immigrants often endorse the "American Dream" that you can get ahead in society through hard work. True False
T
According to the "Age-Adjusted Rate of Accidental Deaths" slide, regardless of gender, American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest rates of accidental death relative to all other race/Hispanic origin groups. True False
True
Alaska is the state with the lowest population density. True False
True
Almost 1/2 of motor vehicle deaths among American Indians/Alaska Natives are due to alcohol impairment. True False
True
American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest poverty rate of all race/Hispanic origin groups. True False
True
Based on the "Homicide Rates per 100,000" slide, by American Indian/Alaska Native men have the 2nd highest rate of homicide deaths among all men (behind Black men). True False
True
Homicide is only an important public health problem for American Indian/Alaska Native men, not women. True False
True
Housing shortage is a major problem on American Indian reservations. True False
True
Suicide is an important public health problem for American Indians/Alaska Natives. True False
True
The American Indian/Alaska Native population comprises less than 2% of the overall U.S. population. True False
True