HDFS 202: Final Exam University of Delaware

mortality

# of deaths

1st divorce

1669-king & wife were both unfaithful **back in this day, it was VERY hard and very expensive to divorce, usually only people of higher economic statuses divorced

restricted era

1800s- 1st era of divorce, had to be issued by the man (only if fidelity or something bad had taken place, pregnancy by another man, etc.) after this, 1900s people became more relaxed, had more tolerance, you could divorce but there had to be a reason (had to prove the other person had done wrong) some people lied or staged things to get divorced, & now present day: no restrictions- can divorce for any reason

how many remarriages usually stay together?

60% of 2nd marriages stay together, each remarriage after increases divorce rate, people who have already divorced & remarried have more non-traditional ideas about families

age of the child that is most affected by divorce

ADOLESCENTS (teenage years) during this age, teens know what is going on. They are most affected & take it harder, idea of "forever family" is shattered compared to a younger child who might not know what is going on completely

characteristics of stepfamilies vs. remarriage

ALWAYS relates to children

child abuse & neglect

abuse against a child, factors that contribute to this: stress @ home, lower socioeconomic status, lower-incomes, financial stress

medical model

abuser has a mental issues (can make it harder to leave IPV)

sandwich generation

adults with young children are taking care of their very older parents (parents had them much older, and they are left to take care of them) can cause stress & sometimes lead to elder abuse

child support issues

after divorce, mom might have to go back to work, who cares for the child? who makes the most $ (so who actually has to pay the child support $?)

fertility

amount of babies born

issues with the elderly

because of "baby boomer" phase, we are now taking care of more elderly people then we ever have before, more technology & education about health are making people LIVE LONGER (how will we meet their needs? some don't want to live in nursing homes...who will be their caregiver? can they live alone? do they have mobility? etc.)

children & divorce

children are greatly affected, conflict leads to stress, transitions for children are hard, lives become inconsistent (living with mom or dad), fighting causes stress and trauma sometimes, sometimes no stability

socialization of children

children are more pure these days vs. during colonial times (thought rules & more strictness made children pure), children's roles have changed, no more farm/factory work, socialization & extracurriculars are encouraged

divorce/separation/different eras of divorce

different eras where divorce was seen as dishonorable, then more relaxed, then finally in some ways rather common.

transition to parenthood

different these days compared to the past challenges: balancing $, more focus on extracurriculars, personal time is lost, no clear guidelines on correct parenting styles, marital satisfaction decreases (child won't always fix problems) positives: some couples are brought together after having a child

child care in the U.S.

hard to find high-quality care, very expensive

social construction of motherhood/fatherhood

how these concepts have changed overtime: dads now stay @ home with kids (breadwinning fathers), women work more, jobs are more neutral (pink-collar, blue-collar), sexual scripts for men & women (human sexual behavior)

poverty line

minimum level of income gov't thinks someone can live on; income inequalities in the west

stay @ home moms vs. dads

moms have some pressures, dads are MOST pressured & left out in some social situations (daycare events, outings with children) because mostly mothers are stay @ home & not dads, small % & population of stay @ home dads **judgments against both dad & mom ("lazy?"**

feminization of poverty

more & more women becoming poor: a lot have children

relative poverty

more in relation to those in similar situations

more time spent on kids today vs. in the past

more time is spent w/ children because of changes in supervision, more strict, issues with children staying home alone/more parent involvement *more emphasis on parent/child interaction

maternal-gate keeping

mother's keeping father's out of children's lives or allowing them to be a part of them, our world still usually sees mom as primary caregiver

no-fault divorce

no one is at fault, both agree marriage is not working out

sibling abuse

often overlooked, more intense/degrading/physical type of abuse against a sibling

unrestricted era

people could divorce (man or woman could carry it through) but you needed a reason for it (prove other person had done wrong)

political model

person holding more/most power is usually the abuser

elder abuse

physical/mental/any type of abuse from a caretaker caring for the elderly, needs are not being met, caretaker is being harmful in some way

divorce rates over the years

recently, divorce rate is decreasing, during the unrestricted era of divorce, it became more popular & decreased

factors around IPV (intimate partner violence)

sometimes abuse is hard to realize, hard to leave because abuser could be the one who is financially depended on, children involved makes it harder to leave

fertility patterns

still a lot of children being born in non-western societies, western countries: decrease in fertility rates (because of economy & how we see kids), some countries do not have enough children

gerontology

study of the elderly, new & quickly rising field, lots of issues @ hand

poverty

there is NO gray area for poverty, either extremely wealthy or extremely poor, a lot of people in poverty have a hard time finding resources for help

characteristics of stepfamilies

what are step-parents roles? (boundaries on discipline? how much love/how close/don't want child to think you are trying to take mom/dads place) do children from both marriages coming together feel equal to each other? *different parenting styles tend to clash

gender role convergence

women & men do not necessarily have SET roles

Battered Women's Syndrome

women are afraid to leave because they believe it could be too dangerous/risky, this is a strong fear in domestic violence relationships, (if I leave, he/she will find me)