HDFS 411 Quiz 2

Cognitive-Behavioral

New focus on emotional experiences

Freudian Psychoanalysis

Unsolved emotional experiences

Definition of Empathy

"Empathy is the counselors ability to sense the clients world the way the client does and to convey that understanding"

Tool 2: Paraphrasing

- A statement that says something that another person has said or written in a different way - The helper rephrases the content of the clients message

Reflecting feelings

- Accuracy and clarity are critical - Reflect feelings when: - May be feelings about the interview itself - Client is having trouble telling his/her story - Strong emotions not being expressed

Tools Needed for reflecting content

- Encouragers - Paraphrases - Summaries

Goals of reflecting feelings

- Help make clear the feelings underlying behavior - Help clients sort out complex feelings - Help tell story

Reflection of Content

- Helper lets helpee know they heard what was being said - Check for accuracy - Saw point content - Help talk in more detail

Two methods of reflecting feelings

- Identifying feelings - Reflecting feelings

Identifying the feelings: attend to the entire message

- Intiation/development phase of counseling - Have the client tell their story

Identifying the feelings

- More than one emotion may be expressed on a topic - Conflicting emotions could be part of the problem

Reflect all feelings

- Positive emotions - Negative emotions

Features of Carl Rogers empathy

- Positive regard - Respect and warmth - Concreteness - Immediacy - Congruence/ genuineness/ authenticity

Identifying the feelings: how it is said

- Posture - Voice - Mannerisms

Difference between summary and paraphrase

- Summary has more material - Summary covers more time

Tool 1: Minimal Encouragers

- To make someone more determined, hopeful, or confident - To make something more appealing or more likely to happen - To make someone more likely to do something ; to tell or advise someone to do something **Small verbal vues that encourage a helpee to talk with minimum interuption or influence by the helper

Tool 1: minimal encouragers phrases

- Uh-huh - Mhmmm - Okay.... - Right... - Yeah... - Head noding - Repeat key words

Tool 3: Summary

- Using few words to give the most important information about something - Recap information shared by helpee over long period of time

Examples of introductory phrases

- You felt... - It really hurt... - You are... - You must have been... - In other words, you feel... - It sounds like... - I gather that... - It seems that you feel...

How to summarize

1. Recall key content 2. Identify patterns or themes 3. Use sentence stem 4. Summarize 5. Assess the effectiveness of summarization

How to paraphrase

1. Recall the message and restate it to yourself quietly 2. Identify content part of message 3. Select an appropriate sentence stem 4. Translate key content into your own words 5. Check accuracy of paraphrase

Purposes of a Summary

1. To tie together multiple elements in a clients message 2. To identify common theme 3. To interrupt excessive rambling 4. To start a session 5. To end a session 6. To review progress 7. To serve as a transition when changing topics

Empathy and Carl Rogers

Believed this was the core aspect of therapy **This is the only thing needed for change in therapy

Emotions are ...

Central to all theoretical orientations

Parroting

Dont repeat the same feeling word the client uses

Rogerian Client-Centered

Emotions in relationships