Hinduism

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what is an interpretation of "Tat tvam asi" (Thou art that) represents Shankara's views

"Atman" and "Brahman" refer to the same thing

Bhagarad-Gita

"song of the Lord"

who was the founder of Hinduism

Hinduism does not have a founder

who are the two main characters in the Bhagavad-Gita

Krishna and Arjuna

what is the closest equivalent Hindu expression for via negative (the negative way)

Neti, neti

the Individual Soul is over The Body as is

Brahman over The Universe

What is the meaning of Seguna Brahman

Brahman with attributes

Reincarnation

again in the flesh

what is the relation of an avatar to deity

an avatar is an incarnation of a deity

Step 4 of Raja Yoga

control breathing: this can be accomplished by the recitation of a mantra, usually a single syllable uttered over and over, like "Om"

Ganesha

cult of the elephant God, Lord of Good Fortune

Kalpa

cycles of the universe

Siva

destroyer

Ramanuja

was intent in showing that Sankara's advaitan philosophy was without foundation either from the standpoint of the Upanisads or from reasoning

According to classical Hindu thought, what is it the is reborn from one life to the next

the immaterial essence of one's self, not identifiable as any physical or cultural identity

Vaisyas

the merchants and farmers

What best represents Madhva's view

Atman is one in ethical purpose with Brahman

What best represents Ramanuja's views

Atman is to Brahman as the body is to the soul

Step 7 of Raja Yoga

Duality of self and object overcome in meditation

what are the four levels of the ancient class systems in India

Priests, warriors, agriculturalist, and menial laborers

Vedanta

Ramanuja's philosophy

Step 6 of Raja Yoga

Removal of mental distractions

Step 5 of Raja Yoga

Removal of sensory distractions

which of the following are the oldest of the writings considered sacred in the World's Religions

Rig Veda

Step 8 of Raja Yoga

Samadhi - being at peace in the union with the Divine Being itself

which of the following are true of the elephant headed deity known as Ganesha

Shiva gave him his head after first decapitating him, he holds one of his broken trunks in his hand like a stylus to symbolize being the author of the Hindu classic, the Mahabharata, of which the Bhagavad-Gita is a part

When one achieves release (moska), from what is one being released

The cycle of rebirth (samsara) and one's illusion about life

Arjuna

a Pandava hero

Nirguna Brahman

a linguistic marker pointing beyond what can be known or imagined by the discursive intellect

How does classical Indian though explain the apparent injustice that some people suffer so much more than others

every injustice one suffers is an effect of what one did in this life or in a previous life

Seguna Brahman

giving human form to that which is not human

Parvati

goddess of fertility, love and devotion; as well as of divine strength and power

Sankara

held that Atman and Brahman are inseparable in the sense that there is a strict ontological identity between them

Rig Veda

hymns- major; "Hymn of Creation"

What keeps one in bondage, from which one wishes to be released

ignorance (avidya)

Maya

illusion

Avatar

incarnation of a deity into human form

what is the meaning of Satcitananda

it is the positive description of Brahman: being, consciousness, joy

Vedas

knowledge

Krishna

major deity

What is the meaning of maya

maya is the illusion of separation from Brahman

Neti, neti

not this, not this

Lila

playing or dancing

Step 3 of Raja Yoga

posture, for example the lotus position, with legs crisscrossed, back strait, and hands resting lightly on the knees or brought together at the navel

Brahmin

priestly class

what is the meaning of "ahimsa"

refrain from harming other creatures

Moksa

release

Sudras

slaves

Guru

spiritual teacher

What is the realization that brings release

that the individual self is inseparable from the universal source of being

Brahma

the creator

Jiva

the cycle of existence contains individual souls

Shiva (Siva)

the destroyer

Avidya

the engine that drives rebirth, or ignorance of ones true nature

Step 1 of Raja Yoga

the five abstentions: abstain from injury, abstain from lying, abstain from stealing, abstain from excessive sensuality, and abstain from greed

Step 2 of Raja Yoga

the five observances: cleanliness, contentment, self-control, studiousness, contemplation of the divine

Madhva

the other great Vedantan philosopher

Bhakti marga

the path of devotion, love, and joyous celebration

Karma marga

the path of ethical deeds and ritual

Jnana marga

the path of study, meditation and knowledge

why does Brahman (or Brahma) engage in the act of creation

the play (lila)

Vishnu

the preserver

Ahisma

the principle of non-evidence toward all living things

Atman

the spiritual life principle of the universe

Karma

the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence

Tat tvam asi

thou art that

How can one achieve moksa (release)

through any of the paths, of devotion, meditation and study, or good works

Brahman

ultimate reality

Samadhi

union with the ultimate

Varna

word for social class, which means "color"

Yoga

yoke of discipline


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