Hist 1111 Unit 1 Quiz Practice, History 1111 Unit 2 Quiz, Hist 1111 Unit 3 Quiz, Hist 1111 Unit 4, Unit 5 Quiz, Unit 6 Quiz, Unit 7, Unit 8 Quiz

The Homeric epics reflect the historical values of this period of Greek history. A. All of these periods. B. Dark Ages C. Bronze Age D. Archaic Age

A. All of these periods.

Why was Thebes able to dominate the Greek world in the early fourth century BCE? A. All of these statements of true. B. Thebes introduced some improvements to the traditional hoplite phalanx. C. The Peloponnesian War had weakened both Athens and Sparta, creating a power vacuum. D. The military prowess of the Sacred Band.

A. All of these statements of true.

Which of the following is true regarding Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture? A. Based on the archaeological evidence, it appears that Longshan Culture was more complex. B. Whereas Yangshao villagers primarily grew wheat and millet, Longshan villagers primarily cultivated rice. C. Longshan Culture preceded Yangshao Culture. D. While Yangshao Culture was located along the Yellow River, Longshan Culture was centered on the middle reaches of the Yangzi River.

A. Based on the archaeological evidence, it appears that Longshan Culture was more complex.

Which of the following best describes the status of knights in the eleventh and twelfth centuries CE? A. Because armor, horses, and weapons were expensive, knights gradually became part of a warrior aristocracy, with more rights than peasants. B. Because chain mail armor was relatively affordable, knighthood was open to men of any social class. C. Because knights often went heavily into debt to purchase their equipment, they eventually lost their freedom to money lenders, becoming an unfree class of soldiers, similar to mamluks in the Muslim world. D. Because of the high status of knights, Christian priests eventually were required to also be knights.

A. Because armor, horses, and weapons were expensive, knights gradually became part of a warrior aristocracy, with more rights than peasants.

What do both malaria and yellow fever have in common? A. Both diseases are both spread by mosquitoes. B. Historically, both diseases limited population growth in Africa, but they are no longer found on the continent. Both diseases have been eradicated. C. Currently, there are very effective cures for both diseases. D. Both diseases primarily impact healthy adult populations.

A. Both diseases are both spread by mosquitoes.

Assuming that Erlitou was the capital of the Xia Dynasty, which one of the following is not correct based on the archaeological evidence? A. Burial sites indicate an egalitarian social structure, where farmers and ruling elites interacted as equals. B. A central, walled palace complex points to a further stage in state development along the Yellow River, from chiefdoms to the first kingdom. C. Workshops indicate a Bronze Age civilization. D. Workshops were used to produce pottery.

A. Burial sites indicate an egalitarian social structure, where farmers and ruling elites interacted as equals.

Which of the following is in the correct chronological order? A. Chandragupta Maurya, King Kanishka, Delhi Sultanate. B. Samudragupta, King Ashoka, Chola Kingdom C. Siddartha Gautama, Rajaraja I, Kushan Kingdom D. Chola Kingdom, Gupta Empire, Mauryan Empire

A. Chandragupta Maurya, King Kanishka, Delhi Sultanate.

The founder of the first empire that unified the Indian subcontinent was A. Chandragupta Maurya. B. King Ashoka. C. King Bimbisara. D. Alexander the Great.

A. Chandragupta Maurya.

Which of the following traditions had the greatest impact on social relationships in East Asia? A. Confucianism B. Daoism C. Buddhism D. Legalism

A. Confucianism

Which Hellenistic philosophy advocated the least materialistic approach to everyday life? A. Cynicism B. Stoicism C. Skepticism D. Epicureanism

A. Cynicism

The Yellow Turbans were most influenced by this tradition. A. Daoism B. Buddhism C. Confucianism D. Shinto

A. Daoism

Which state could be considered the strongest and most successful during the period from 1000 to 1500 CE? A. France B. Byzantium C. Venice D. Holy Roman Empire

A. France

This ruler sought to impede the decentralization of power in the Holy Roman Empire. A. Frederick Barbarossa B. Timur C. King Edward I D. Manuel Komnenos

A. Frederick Barbarossa

Where was the Great Bison Belt? A. From Alaska through the Great Plains of North America to the Gulf of Mexico. B. Along the Arctic Ocean. C. Along the Pacific Coast of North America. D. East of the Mississippi River.

A. From Alaska through the Great Plains of North America to the Gulf of Mexico.

During the late Middle Ages, the two principal actors responsible for the exploration of West Africa and the Atlantic region were A. Genoese merchants and Iberian kings. B. French kings and Venetian merchants. C. the Papacy and crusaders. D. Renaissance humanists and the rulers of Italian city-states.

A. Genoese merchants and Iberian kings.

In his biography of Charlemagne, what attitude does Einhard show toward the religion of the Saxons? A. He believes that the gods of the Saxons are devils. B. He believes that the Saxon religion is false, but he respects the religion and its practitioners. C. He believes that Saxon religious practices are true for the Saxons in the same way that Christianity is true for the Franks. Both religions are equally valid. D. He disapproves of Charlemagne having wiped out Saxon religion.

A. He believes that the gods of the Saxons are devils.

Which of the following was not true of Timur? A. His rise to power was paved by his pedigree, which could be traced back to Genghis Khan. B. His army was strengthened by employing an early form of artillery, and thus gunpowder technology. C. Because his sons fought over it, his empire quickly fell apart after he died. D. He was one of the great military campaigners and conquerors in Central Asian history.

A. His rise to power was paved by his pedigree, which could be traced back to Genghis Khan.

Which one of the following was not proclaimed by King Ashoka proclaimed to his subjects? A. In preparation for possible invasions from the northwest, young men should train in mounted warfare. B. In observance of the principle of non-injury, certain animals must not be cooked in the royal kitchen. C. Everyone should learn such values as forbearance, respect, and courtesy. D. He was going to stop hunting and rather go on tours where he would visit his subjects.

A. In preparation for possible invasions from the northwest, young men should train in mounted warfare.

Western Europe's economy began to grow in the late eleventh and twelfth centuries CE because nobles had a demand for luxury goods and A. Italian city-states largely cleared the Mediterranean Sea of Muslim pirates. B. Italian merchants figured out how to make cinnamon, saffron, and cardamom grow in the soil of Western Europe. C. when crusaders took the city of Jerusalem, they took control of the treasury of the al-Aqsa Mosque, which had the world's largest known concentration of gold, silver, and precious stones. The gold and silver then entered circulation in European markets. D. crops failed in China, and the demand for European grains caused wealth to flow from east to west.

A. Italian city-states largely cleared the Mediterranean Sea of Muslim pirates.

In the Qur'an, Muhammad states that A. Jesus was the Messiah, born of Mary, and worked miracles. Jesus was a human. B. Jesus was a false prophet and a trickster who led people astray, and for this reason Christians should not be believed. C. God will not punish anyone, since Muhammad suffered and died to take upon himself the sins of the world. D. Jews and Christians have no right to practice their religion.

A. Jesus was the Messiah, born of Mary, and worked miracles. Jesus was a human.

How did the relationship between China and Korea differ from the relationship between China and Japan? A. Korean states were more directly impacted by Chinese military aggression than was the Japanese state. B. The Japanese state was more directly impacted by Chinese military aggression than Korean states were. C. Neither state was impacted by developments in Tang China, so the relationships were not different. D. Both Korean states and Japan were invaded by China's Tang Dynasty and hence equally impacted in their political development.

A. Korean states were more directly impacted by Chinese military aggression than was the Japanese state.

This individual completed the Mongol conquest of China that his grandfather had begun. A. Kublai Khan B. Prince Shotoku C. Cao Cao D. Liu Bang

A. Kublai Khan

Which of the following happened first? A. Liu Bang rose from obscurity to found the Han Dynasty. B. Cao Cao suppressed the Yellow Turbans and established a military dictatorship. C. The Japanese kingdom sent study missions to China. D. Silla unified the Korean Peninsula.

A. Liu Bang rose from obscurity to found the Han Dynasty.

All of the following were true about cuneiform in ancient Mesopotamia except A. Most people were literate and knew how to write in cuneiform. B. The Sumerian King List was recorded in cuneiform. C. Cuneiform was a written script of wedge shaped marks. D. The Sumerians developed cuneiform.

A. Most people were literate and knew how to write in cuneiform.

What was depicted on the Ara Pacis? A. Mythological scenes and members of Augustus' imperial family. B. Flowers and nature scenes symbolizing peace and renewal. C. Mythological scenes and Julius Caesar dressed as Apollo. D. Augustus and the members of the imperial family dressed up as wild creatures.

A. Mythological scenes and members of Augustus' imperial family.

Which group loved Emperor Nero? A. None of these groups loved Nero. B. the Roman army C. the Senate D. the people of Rome

A. None of these groups loved Nero.

What is the single best source of historical information about Augustus' perception of himself and his achievements? A. Res Gestae B. The statue of Augustus at the Villa of Livia in Prima Porta C. The writings of Augustan era poets D. Ara Pacis

A. Res Gestae

On December 25 in the year 800, Pope Leo III declared Charlemagne to be A. Roman Emperor. B. Pharaoh of Egypt. C. Bishop of all the Saxons. D. Patriarch of Constantinople.

A. Roman Emperor.

Why was Socrates condemned to death? A. Socrates' connections to the oligarchs who had previously overthrown the democracy in Athens. B. Socrates was not condemned to death. C. The Athenians misunderstood Socrates' teachings. D. Socrates was seen as a traitor to Athens because of his connections to Sparta.

A. Socrates' connections to the oligarchs who had previously overthrown the democracy in Athens.

All of the following were true about the Songhai Empire except A. Songhai's strongest kings (kings of the late 15th and early 16th centuries) rejected Islam in favor of converting to Christianity. B. while taxing the gold trade remained an important source of revenue for Songhai's kings, they also made money from trade in other items including manuscripts and slaves. C. Sunni Ali built the Songhai state into an empire in the 1460s. D. Askia Mohammad I ruled the Songhai Empire during its Golden Age.

A. Songhai's strongest kings (kings of the late 15th and early 16th centuries) rejected Islam in favor of converting to Christianity.

Which of the following is not a legacy of the Israelites? A. The Israelites were the first to use monumental architecture to celebrate the power of their kings. B. Their teachings established the idea that everyone, regardless of status, was bound to obey the law. C. The Israelites were some of the first monotheists, worshiping a single god, whom they referred to Yahweh. D. Their religious texts, including the Hebrew Scriptures, have been highly influential.

A. The Israelites were the first to use monumental architecture to celebrate the power of their kings.

One of the most notable political developments during the Han Dynasty was A. The adoption of Confucianism as a governing ideology. B. The impact of Buddhist notions of non-violence on criminal law. C. The adoption of legalism as state orthodoxy. D. The adoption of Daoism as a ruling philosophy.

A. The adoption of Confucianism as a governing ideology.

Which event is considered to be the end of the Roman Empire in the West? A. The deposition of the Emperor Romulus Augustulus in 476 CE. B. The sack of Carthage by the Vandals in 439 CE. C. The sack of Rome by the Goths in 410 CE. D. The death of the emperor Theodosius in 395 CE.

A. The deposition of the Emperor Romulus Augustulus in 476 CE.

Which of the following best describes the idea of jihad in Islam? A. The greater jihad refers to the struggle to live a moral life, while the lesser jihad refers to warfare in defense of Islam. B. If a Muslim fasts and prays for long enough, he or she will gain the power to shoot lasers out of his or her eyes. Upon gaining this power, the Muslim will take the title of Wazir of Islam and, with his laser eyes, eliminate all unbelievers. C. The lesser jihad refers to the struggle to live a moral life, while the greater jihad refers to warfare in defense of Islam. D. All Muslims are required to kill a non-Muslim at least once in their lives and present the severed ear of the non-Muslim to the Caliph the hajj.

A. The greater jihad refers to the struggle to live a moral life, while the lesser jihad refers to warfare in defense of Islam.

What was the main subject of Athenian tragedies and comedies? A. The horrors of war and the successful resistance to war by enterprising civilians. B. A glorification of the common soldiers who fought for democracy. C. A glorification of war and the sacrifices of civilians for achieving victory. D. Any topic except for war as Athenians playwrights avoided the subject entirely.

A. The horrors of war and the successful resistance to war by enterprising civilians.

Which of the following is true regarding the Olmecs' monumental stone sculptures? A. The labor required to transport stones and carve sculptures demonstrates the power of the Olmec elite. B. The stones used to build the monumental sculptures were quarried locally. Craftsmen carved the stones in place and workers built temples around the local quarries. C. In the Americas, only the Olmecs created monumental stone sculptures. The practice was unique to them. D. The Olmecs began to build monumental stone sculptures in the 9th century CE.

A. The labor required to transport stones and carve sculptures demonstrates the power of the Olmec elite.

Which event do historians consider to be the moment of transformation of the Delian League into the Athenian Empire? A. The moving of the league treasury from Delos to Athens B. The end of the Persian Wars C. The Revolt of Naxos D. The beginning of the Peloponnesian War

A. The moving of the league treasury from Delos to Athens

Archeological findings show that this predated the Olmec production of monumental sculptures. A. The production of stone effigy bowls. B. The burial of Olmec elites in large mounds. C. The creation of the Olmec Empire. D. The construction of sophisticated temples.

A. The production of stone effigy bowls.

The term Asia Minor refers to which region? A. The region directly across the Aegean Sea from mainland Greece in modern-day Turkey B. East Asia C. North Asia D. The region directly across the Adriatic Sea from mainland Greece in modern-day Italy

A. The region directly across the Aegean Sea from mainland Greece in modern-day Turkey

What was the consequence of the Peloponnesian War for the thetes, the lowest social class in Athens? A. Their social position improved because of the war, and they gained significant political influence by the end of the war. B. They were driven out of Athens during the war. C. The war did not change their status. D. Their position grew worse as they became de facto slaves as a result of the war.

A. Their social position improved because of the war, and they gained significant political influence by the end of the war.

The term Beringia refers to A. a landmass that once connected North America and Asia. B. an isthmus between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. C. a volcanic rock formation in the Indian Ocean. D. a connection between the Middle East and Europe.

A. a landmass that once connected North America and Asia.

In the Middle Ages, most of the peoples of Western Europe thought of themselves as united by A. a shared Christian religion. B. a shared Muslim religion. C. a shared European race. D. a shared belief that all people should be equal under the law.

A. a shared Christian religion.

All of the following occurred in eleventh and twelfth century Europe except A. a substantial decrease in population caused by plague, famine, and warfare. B. a gradual centralization of power in some kingdoms. C. a revival of trade which fueled the growth of towns. D. increased agricultural production in northern Europe.

A. a substantial decrease in population caused by plague, famine, and warfare.

The Septuagint was A. a translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Greek. B. a work by Aristotle. C. a collection of Hellenistic philosophical texts. D. a collection of Hellenistic religious texts.

A. a translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Greek.

The Islamization of Central Asia A. began in the eighth century CE and took several centuries. B. began in the twelfth century CE with the rise of the Mongols. C. commenced with the migration of Turkic tribes out of the Orkhon Steppe. D. was prevented by the presence of Chinese garrisons in the region

A. began in the eighth century CE and took several centuries.

The primary purpose of the Olympic Games was originally to A. celebrate and worship the god Zeus. B. bring prominence to the city of Olympia. C. to celebrate athletes from all over the Greek world. D. cement pan-Hellenic solidarity.

A. celebrate and worship the god Zeus.

The Christian missionary Boniface sought to prove that the God of the Christian religion was stronger than the gods worshiped by the Germanic peoples of Central Europe by A. chopping down a tree that was sacred to the Germanic god Thor. B. claiming to call down fire from heaven. He raised his hands to the sky and the trees in front of him burst into flame. Modern scholars think that he had soaked the tree with petroleum beforehand and then hidden a blasting cap at its base. C. using logical persuasion. claiming that he could predict D. when any person would die.

A. chopping down a tree that was sacred to the Germanic god Thor.

From the seventh to the ninth centuries CE, Muslim thinkers A. engaged in disputes over the juristic traditions, and by the ninth century, a consensus emerged that the Hadith were a major source for the application of divine law to everyday life. B. entrusted interpretation of the sharia (i.e., divine law) to a set of oracles who were said to go into a trance and then speak with the voice of an angel. C. quickly achieved consensus in what sharia (i.e., divine law) would look like in human society. Most Muslim jurisprudence dates to within the decade after the Prophet Muhammad's death. D. engaged in disputes over the juristic traditions, but never came to a consensus. To this day, Muslims regard interpretation of divine law as purely a matter of personal choice.

A. engaged in disputes over the juristic traditions, and by the ninth century, a consensus emerged that the Hadith were a major source for the application of divine law to everyday life.

In Roman law after the Roman Empire was Christianized, Jews were A. forbidden from holding public office and testifying in court against Christians. B. forbidden from holding public office, but allowed to testify in court against Christians. C. permitted to hold public office, but forbidden from testifying in court against Christians. D. granted equal rights with Christians.

A. forbidden from holding public office and testifying in court against Christians.

What was the chief ruling body in Sparta? A. gerousia B. All Spartans' Congress C. two kings D. ekklesia

A. gerousia

Western Sudan A. is a region named by Arabic-speaking travelers. B. is a desert that stretches across the continent from the Atlantic coast of West Africa to the Red Sea. C. is the home of the San people. D. is a modern-day African state that has its origins in the medieval period.

A. is a region named by Arabic-speaking travelers.

The region known as the Sahel was referred to as "the shore" because A. it is a transition zone between the Sahara Desert and forested regions. B. it runs along the Mediterranean Sea. C. it is adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. D. it houses a number of lakes.

A. it is a transition zone between the Sahara Desert and forested regions.

The three limitations to common narratives of the pre-Columbian history of the Americas include all of the following except A. no archaeological evidence remains in this region. B. the demographic collapse in the Americas in the sixteenth century CE meant that for centuries afterward, European writings dominated the historical narrative of the region. C. even though it its not commonly acknowledged, some scholars are skeptical of the Beringia theory. D. human sacrifice was more much complex than indicated in popular media.

A. no archaeological evidence remains in this region.

The first significant addition to Genghis Khan's empire was A. northern China. B. Persia. C. India. D. Siberia.

A. northern China.

In the field of learning, the Macedonian emperors of the Byzantine Empire A. sought to promote the copying of books and the foundation of schools throughout the empire in order to increase Greek literacy. B. ordered any non-Christian books burned. C. sought to improve the teaching of Arabic in Greece. D. sought books in Classical Chinese throughout the world in order to produce a Greek translation of the Daodejing.

A. sought to promote the copying of books and the foundation of schools throughout the empire in order to increase Greek literacy.

The most significant geographical feature of Central Asia is A. the Great Eurasian Steppe, a set of broad, flat grasslands that reach from Eastern Europe to the region of Mongolia to the north of China. B. the Great Sahara Desert, a massive set of deserts that have long prevented the people of Central Asia from having much contact with Europe. C. the Dead Marshes, a set of swamps stretching for hundreds of miles in every direction. They are known as the Dead Marshes because the bodies of those slain by Genghis Khan in 1206 and ordered thrown into the swamp can still be seen today. D. the Great Vilayet Sea, an inland sea that stretches for over a thousand miles from what is now Russia into Northern Iran.

A. the Great Eurasian Steppe, a set of broad, flat grasslands that reach from Eastern Europe to the region of Mongolia to the north of China.

The term helots refers to A. the Spartans' Messenians neighbors whom the Spartans conquered and turned into their unfree labor force. B. Greek slaves. C. slaves whom the Athenians defeated in battle. D. The meaning of term is unknown.

A. the Spartans' Messenians neighbors whom the Spartans conquered and turned into their unfree labor force.

The Inca were associated with all of the following except A. the Tello Obelisk. B. the Sun Temple built in honor of the God Inti, from which all Incan rulers claimed descent. C. a revered class of aclla women. D. the mummification of the Incan nobility.

A. the Tello Obelisk.

After the Muslim-ruled city of Toledo fell to Christian armies in 1085 CE, A. the libraries of Toledo furnished Western Europeans with an immense number of philosophical texts, both of the ancient Greeks and of the medieval Arabs. B. Christians burned all books in the libraries of Toledo, reasoning that they were Muslim books and so the product of a false religion. C. the treasure that was held in the Great Mosque of Toledo was used to pay the expenses of the First Crusade in 1095-9. D. access to Muslim texts meant that more and more educated Christians became interested in and converted to Islam. By 1215, there were small communities of Christian converts to Islam in every major city in Western Europe.

A. the libraries of Toledo furnished Western Europeans with an immense number of philosophical texts, both of the ancient Greeks and of the medieval Arabs.

Excavations of Harappan Civilization have revealed A. thousands of villages as small as 2-3 acres each, but also several major cities reaching over one hundred acres each. B. a civilization composed of thousands of village communities, but without signs of urbanization. C. that although it had several dozen small towns, sizable cities never developed. D. previously undiscovered, large pyramids rivaling those of ancient Egypt.

A. thousands of villages as small as 2-3 acres each, but also several major cities reaching over one hundred acres each.

Chavín de Huántar was the first civilization in what is now Peru A. to feature a mix of Andean, coastal, and Amazon cultures. B. to engage in agriculture. C. where coastal peoples flourished as fishermen. D. to build monuments.

A. to feature a mix of Andean, coastal, and Amazon cultures.

Stories about Sundiata Keita demonstrate syncretism as they A. trace his background to the early followers of the Muslim prophet Muhammad and also to the powerful pre-Islamic, local clans of the lion and the buffalo. B. emphasize both his military prowess and his intelligence; he was physically strong and also intellectually capable. C. show how he served as an intermediary between the rich and the poor. Sundiata was an example of syncretism because he united people from different socio-economic backgrounds. D. describe how Sundiata embraced both Christian and Muslim teachings.

A. trace his background to the early followers of the Muslim prophet Muhammad and also to the powerful pre-Islamic, local clans of the lion and the buffalo.

African historian Christopher Ehret wants us to recognize potential issues with using this word. He finds this term problematic because it can carry the underlying judgment that Africans are exotic, wild, backwards, and potentially dangerous. A. tribe B. diaspora C. traditional D. folk

A. tribe

Hunters used all of the following techniques to hunt bison within the Great Bison Belt except A. using muskets on their hunts. B. hunting bison on foot with some hunters disguised as bison. C. sophisticated projectiles that could penetrate the skin of bison. D. coordination of the bisons' movements to drive them into pre-selected traps.

A. using muskets on their hunts.

Kalidasa is most famed for A. writing a love story centered upon a girl who lived in the countryside and the king who chanced upon her. B. being the first astronomer to propose that the earth rotates on an axis. C. producing medical texts that became the foundation of Ayurveda. D. founding the Gupta Empire.

A. writing a love story centered upon a girl who lived in the countryside and the king who chanced upon her.

Who was Tyrtaeus, and what did he write about? A. A Spartan king who wrote military poetry. B. A Spartan poet who wrote military elegies that glorified death in battle. C. A Spartan historian who wrote a Spartan account of the Peloponnesian War. D. A Spartan poet who wrote religious poetry.

B. A Spartan poet who wrote military elegies that glorified death in battle.

What is Linear B? A. The first Greek alphabet, which was modified from the Egyptians hieroglyphic writing system. B. A syllabic script that the Mycenaean civilization used to keep palace records. C. A syllabic script that the Minoan civilization used to keep palace records. D. The first Greek alphabet, which was initially adapted from the Phoenician alphabet.

B. A syllabic script that the Mycenaean civilization used to keep palace records.

The transition to bipedalism allowed the earliest hominids to A. walk upright. B. become hunters and gatherers. C. use their hands to make and use tools. B. All of these statements are true.

B. All of these statements are true.

What did the two oligarchic regimes in Athens reveal about the nature of the Athenian democracy? A. The dedication of the Athenians to their democracy, as demonstrated by its quick restoration in both instances. B. All of these statements are true. C. The fragility of democracy in wartime. D. The presence of a notable and powerful anti-democratic minority even in Athens.

B. All of these statements are true.

What is the historical significance of the Cup of Nestor? A. The inscription on it contains the earliest known reference to the Homeric epics. B. All of these statements are true. C. It is one of the earliest examples of writing in the Greek alphabet. D. It exemplifies the impressive mobility of the ancient Greeks

B. All of these statements are true.

Which of the following was not a reason for the decline of the power of the 'Abbasid Caliphate? A. Regional governors had more and more autonomy and showed less and less loyalty to the government in Baghdad. B. An earthquake that caused half of Baghdad to slide into the Tigris River led to political chaos. C. The mamluks, elite soldiers of Turkic background who had originally been slaves, came to exercise more and more power at the expense of the caliph. D. Civil wars over succession.

B. An earthquake that caused half of Baghdad to slide into the Tigris River led to political chaos.

Which of the following was not a major factor that contributing to the decline of the Byzantine Empire? A. Battle of Manzikert B. Concordat of Worms C. Fourth Crusade D. Turkish occupation of central Anatolia

B. Concordat of Worms

While each Greek polis had its own dating system, what system did the Greeks adopt as a common method of dating events? A. The Greeks refused to adopt a common way of dating events until the age of Alexander the Great. B. Dating events by Olympiads in four-year Olympic cycles. C. Dating events by time elapsed since the Trojan War. D. Dating events from foundation of the oracle at Delphi.

B. Dating events by Olympiads

Which of the following was not a result of the Persian Wars? A. The Greeks demonstrated their superiority over Persians both on land and on sea. B. Despite the loss in Greece proper, the wars resulted in a growth in territory for the Persians in Asia Minor. C. The Athenians built a military reputation that rivaled that of the Spartans. D. The wars created a stronger than before sense of Pan-Hellenic identity among the Greeks.

B. Despite the loss in Greece proper, the wars resulted in a growth in territory for the Persians in Asia Minor.

Which of the following was not an action connected with Pericles? A. Athenian Citizenship Decree B. Going to war with Sparta C. Using Delian League treasury funds to build the Parthenon D. Athenian Coinage Decree

B. Going to war with Sparta

The Five Pillars of Islam are the Shahada (the profession of God's oneness), Salat (prayer facing Mecca five times daily), Zakat (giving money to support the Muslim community), Sawm (fasting from all food and drink from dawn to dusk in the month of Ramadan), and A. la 'aerif, the requirement that Muslims are to recite a surah of the Qur'an every day. B. Hajj, the requirement that at least once in his or her lifetime, every able-bodied Muslim should make a journey to the city of Mecca. C. jihad, the requirement that Muslims are required to make war on non-Muslims at all times and in all places. D. wilaken, the requirement that Muslims are never to drink of the milk of any hooved mammal but the goat.

B. Hajj, the requirement that at least once in his or her lifetime, every able-bodied Muslim should make a journey to the city of Mecca.

Which of the following was not true of Charles Martel? A. He defeated the Saxons. B. He deposed the last Merovingian king and made himself king. C. He often seized lands from the Church in order to fund his army. D. He defeated a Muslim invasion of the Frankish kingdom.

B. He deposed the last Merovingian king and made himself king.

What was so unusual about Cato the Elder's approach to writing Roman history? A. He wrote his history in poetry form. B. He did not include any names, but rather referred to individuals by their titles. C. All of these statements are true. D. He did not include any dates.

B. He did not include any names, but rather referred to individuals by their titles.

Which of the following was not true of Genghis Khan? A. He believed he was predestined to rule the earth. B. His ascendancy to power culminated with his execution of rivals at a great Mongol assembly held in 1206. C. To become Khagan, he had to overcome many serious obstacles as a youth. D. He brought a new level of cohesiveness to the diverse tribes of Mongolia.

B. His ascendancy to power culminated with his execution of rivals at a great Mongol assembly held in 1206.

The Song Dynasty in China came to an end when A. the last Song emperor was captured and executed while leading a major offensive against Khubilai Khan in Mongolia. B. Khubilai Khan's generals, with the advice of Chinese advisors, successfully completed a series of naval campaigns and forced the surrender of the last Song emperor. C. Khubilai Khan moved his capital to Beijing and declared the founding of the Yuan Dynasty. D. Genghis Khan led forces into the Song capital and the last Song emperor committed suicide.

B. Khubilai Khan's generals, with the advice of Chinese advisors, successfully completed a series of naval campaigns and forced the surrender of the last Song emperor.

This legislation ended the Conflict of the Orders in the early Roman Republic. A. Lex Sempronia Agraria B. Lex Hortensia C. Twelve Tables D. Licinian-Sextian Law

B. Lex Hortensia

The two main periods into which historians divide Roman history are A. Republic and Dictatorship. B. Republic and Empire. C. Democracy and Empire. D. Democracy and Republic.

B. Republic and Empire.

Which of the following was not a reform instituted in the Roman army A. Instituting pay for military service B. Requiring troops to purchase and bring their own armor C. Abolishing property requirement for military service D. Reorganizing the structure of the Roman legion into cohorts

B. Requiring troops to purchase and bring their own armor

Which group of Hellenistic philosophers argued that it was impossible for humans to reach any accurate conclusions about the world, and thus the key to happiness was to stop trying? A. Cynics B. Skeptics C. Stoics D. Epicureans

B. Skeptics

Why was Sufi practice instrumental in helping to convert the peoples of Central Asia to Islam? A. Sufis taught that although Muhammad had originally recited the Qur'an in Arabic, the true Qur'an that existed in the Mind of God was in Turkish. B. Sufis were doctrinally flexible and so made some concessions to pre-Muslim practices among new converts to Islam. C. Sufis were doctrinally rigid, and the harsh warriors of the steppe respected their unbending refusal to make concessions in how new converts practiced Islam. D. Sufis claimed that meditation would give them supernatural powers that would bring victory. The warriors of the steppes thus converted to Islam so that Sufi holy men could perform miracles on the battlefield.

B. Sufis were doctrinally flexible and so made some concessions to pre-Muslim practices among new converts to Islam.

Identify the most accurate description of the Mayan political system. A. The priestly class ruled the Maya and exercised ultimate political authority over all of the Maya. The priestly class also administered the state and controlled access to the gods, ancestors, and the afterlife. B. The Maya were not unified under one ruler. Individual Mayan rulers had great power over their own kingdoms, but there was never one Mayan king who ruled over the entire Mayan civilization. C. A single hereditary king ruled over the entire Maya civilization. The king set the rule of law for everyone and collected taxes from the entire Mayan population. D. The Maya lacked a clear political system. There were no kings or rulers. The Maya had no state administration since extended families regulated themselves.

B. The Maya were not unified under one ruler. Individual Mayan rulers had great power over their own kingdoms, but there was never one Mayan king who ruled over the entire Mayan civilization.

Which of the following was not a reason why the Song Dynasty China was one of the most developed countries in the world? A. The extent to which its economy was commercialized. B. The level of its urbanization. (C. It successful military subjugation of steppe tribes located north of China.)*INCORRECT D. The size of its population.

B. The level of its urbanization.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Christians and Muslims in Ethiopia? A. Their relationship was tense throughout the Medieval Period. Muslim teachings of jihad were at odds with Christian values and the two groups were in a constant state of war from 600 to 1300 CE. B. Their relationship was complex. There were periods of competition and periods of cooperation. Overall, there was increasing conflict between Muslims and Christians after the unification of the Adal Sultanate in the fourteenth century. C. Beginning in the 7th century, Muslims forcibly converted Christians to Islam, leading to the end of the Christian church in Ethiopia by 900 CE. D. Christians were the more powerful community in the 14th century. Christians successfully extended their realm by conquering the Muslim Adal Sultanate in the 14th century.

B. Their relationship was complex. There were periods of competition and periods of cooperation. Overall, there was increasing conflict between Muslims and Christians after the unification of the Adal Sultanate in the fourteenth century.

What is the historical significance of the martyrdom story of Perpetua and Felicity? A. All of these statements are true. B. Their story shows Christians' rejection of traditional Roman values and expectations. C. Their story shows Christianity as the great equalizer: while Perpetua was a noblewoman and Felicity her slave, the two were martyred together. D. Their story shows the prominent place that women could play in the early church.

B. Their story shows Christians' rejection of traditional Roman values and expectations.

Which Julio-Claudian emperor retired to Capri for the final 11 years of his rule, trusting the bureaucratic machine to run the Roman Empire without him? A. Claudius B. Tiberius C. Augustus D. Nero

B. Tiberius

In Central Asia, the two ethnic groups most important to the early history of the region were A. Mongol and Russian. B. Turkic and Mongol. C. Chinese and Turkic. D. Persian and Chinese.

B. Turkic and Mongol.

During the Eastern Zhou and then the Warring States Period, A. warfare caused the fragmentation of the Chinese cultural realm into an ever larger number of feudal domains. B. a large number of feudal states governed by noble lords evolved into a handful of centralized monarchies ruled by kings. C. China was repeatedly invaded by the Mongols, at least until the Zhou kings built the Great Wall. D. following The Art of War, the Zhou kingdom was able to reunify the realm under one centralized monarchy by fielding the most powerful army and proclaiming the Mandate of Heaven.

B. a large number of feudal states governed by noble lords evolved into a handful of centralized monarchies ruled by kings.

The environment of the Great Bison Belt was A. wetland swamp. B. arid grassland. C. alpine tundra. D. tropical rainforest.

B. arid grassland.

The Aztecs unified A. in part because of famine. In a period of extreme hardship, communities came together to split labor obligations and share food supplies. B. as a result of the Triple Alliance in 1431 CE. With the Triple Alliance, the Mexica achieved independence from their Tepanec patrons and aligned themselves with people in other outlying towns. C. for the first time in the early 1500s in order to fight against Spanish conquest. After realizing their vulnerability to Spanish guns and steel, the Aztecs built an empire to defend themselves from European conquest. D. after a military victory over the Olmec in 1291 CE. The military might of the Aztecs allowed them to easily defeat the Olmec in one major battle and prompted their unification.

B. as a result of the Triple Alliance in 1431 CE. With the Triple Alliance, the Mexica achieved independence from their Tepanec patrons and aligned themselves with people in other outlying towns.

The Abbasid caliphs Harun al-Rashid and Al-Mamun A. both forbade the translation of philosophy into Arabic, but allowed Muslims to study philosophy if they were willing to learn Greek to read it in the original language. B. both promoted the study of philosophy, giving generous sponsorship to Baghdad's House of Wisdom. C. both forbade the practice of philosophy. D. were known as the Slayers of Greeks, since it was al-Rashid who had ultimately been responsible for conquering the Byzantine Empire, and al-Mamun who moved the Caliphate's capital to Constantinople.

B. both promoted the study of philosophy, giving generous sponsorship to Baghdad's House of Wisdom.

The Ptolemies adopted this Egyptian royal custom when they ruled Egypt. A. cousin marriage B. brother-sister marriage C. All of these are true. D. adoption of successors

B. brother-sister marriage

Genghis Khan's vision of a united political empire was never truly achieved because A. his son Ögedei died before completing the conquest of Vienna. B. civil wars emerged among his descendants, thus breaking the empire up along the lines created by the four patrimonial states. C. Kublai Khan and his successors, as great Khans, attempted to rule the empire from Beijing. D. he had failed to conquer all of China, which then occupied eastern Mongolia and incorporated into the Yuan Dynasty.

B. civil wars emerged among his descendants, thus breaking the empire up along the lines created by the four patrimonial states.

The chronicle sources of the ninth century CE state that Norsemen attacked the rest of Europe A. by marching on foot from their homelands somewhere to the east. B. from ships. C. as mercenaries fighting for the Umayyad emir of Spain. D. by riding from the east on horseback.

B. from ships.

Socrates described himself as this kind of pest when making an analogy about how he forced the Athenians to engage with difficult questions. A. locust B. gadfly C. mosquito D. worm

B. gadfly

Which late medieval technology did Timur have a near monopoly on in Central Asia? A. the casting of iron B. gunpowder C. the compass D. the windmill

B. gunpowder

When Al-Mu'izz seized control of Egypt in 969, A. he maintained Sunni rule, and indeed got several prominent Sunni faqihs (i.e., jurists) to proclaim that he was the rightful caliph. B. he instituted a Shi'ite government, although most of Egypt's Muslim population remained Sunni. C. he gave himself the title of Kwisatz Haderach, the man who can be in all places, and proclaimed that as such, he was equal in knowledge and power to God. D. he instituted a Shi'ite government and forced all of Egypt's Muslims to convert to Shi'a Islam.

B. he instituted a Shi'ite government, although most of Egypt's Muslim population remained Sunni.

The result of Manuel Komnenos' efforts to extend the power of the Byzantine Empire was that A. he was militarily defeated by both the Hungarians and the Saljuq Turks and so it was under his reign that the power of the Byzantine Empire was fully broken. B. he successfully allied himself with the growing power of the kingdom of Hungary, but was defeated by the Saljuq Turks at the 1176 Battle of Myriokephalon and so was unsuccessful in his efforts to re-assert Byzantine control over central Anatolia. C. he defeated both the Saljuq Turks and the Fatimid Egyptians, resulting in an Empire that ruled the whole of the Eastern Mediterranean. D. he defeated the Saljuq Turks at the 1176 Battle of Myriokephalon, but was militarily defeated in battle by the Hungarians in the 1184 Battle of Mohi.

B. he successfully allied himself with the growing power of the kingdom of Hungary, but was defeated by the Saljuq Turks at the 1176 Battle of Myriokephalon and so was unsuccessful in his efforts to re-assert Byzantine control over central Anatolia.

Hernán Cortez's description of Tenochtitlán emphasizes the significance of which of the following foods? A. rice B. maize C. sugar D. chicken

B. maize

The last capital of the Shang Dynasty was located A. where Beijing is located today. B. on the North China Plain just north of the eastern reaches of the Yellow River. C. on the North China Plain just south of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. D. along the middle reaches of the Yangzi River in Central China.

B. on the North China Plain just north of the eastern reaches of the Yellow River.

In addition to having defeated the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in battle, Salah al-Din's other major accomplishment was to have A. established Shia Islam throughout the Middle East. B. overthrown the Shia Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt. C. defeated a Mongol invasion of the Middle East. D. conquered the city of Constantinople itself.

B. overthrown the Shia Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt.

Both Timur and Genghis Khan's Mongol armies were known for constructing A. Buddhist temples. B. pyramids of severed heads. C. shelters for stray dogs. D. harbor facilities to improve sea-borne trade.

B. pyramids of severed heads.

Daoism A. emphasized the importance of the scientific study of the natural world. B. suggested that people can return to a natural way of being that is spontaneous and effortless. C. was built on Confucian ideas by adding a cosmological dimension to them. D. was utilized by the First Emperor of China to govern his realm.

B. suggested that people can return to a natural way of being that is spontaneous and effortless.

By referring to Bantu expansions instead of the Bantu migration, current scholars emphasize all of the following except A. there was a mutual sharing of technologies between Bantu speakers and the indigenous peoples they encountered. B. the Bantu expansions were a conquest since Bantu speakers militarily conquered hunter-gathering communities. C. Bantu languages and technologies spread very slowly through the southern and eastern third of the African continent. D. Bantu speakers took multiple routes and sometimes their movement occurred on the scale of a single family.

B. the Bantu expansions were a conquest since Bantu speakers militarily conquered hunter-gathering communities.

In the eleventh century CE, Muslim Spain became less politically powerful than it had been earlier because A. the Umayyad caliphs increasingly devoted resources to trying to make war on the Fatimid rulers of Egypt. B. the Umayyad Caliphate had collapsed after the civil wars resulting from Abd al-Rahman's attempt to make himself caliph. The resulting taifa states were much weaker. C. an outbreak of Bubonic Plague hit southern Spain in 1008. D. the Christian kingdoms of Spain were united under one monarch, Sancho the Almost-Just, and he created an army that was able to outclass anything Muslim Spain had.

B. the Umayyad Caliphate had collapsed after the civil wars resulting from Abd al-Rahman's attempt to make himself caliph. The resulting taifa states were much weaker.

The most dramatic evidence of Great Zimbabwe's social hierarchies was A. the king's treasury, which contained an estimated 4,000 pounds of gold. B. the elevated position of its Hill Complex. C. archeological evidence that shows that Great Zimbabwe's rulers forced their subjects to terrace hundreds of square miles of the Zimbabwean plateau. D. burial sites that contained thousands of slaves executed as sacrificial victims.

B. the elevated position of its Hill Complex.

During the Three Kingdoms and Northern and Southern Dynasties periods, all of the following occurred in China except A. the dissemination of Buddhism into China, where it became institutionalized as a religion. B. the emperors of the Northern Dynasty briefly unified China from their capital in Beijing. C. endemic warfare between rival warlords and military dynasties. D. non-Chinese nomads settled into northern China, thus introducing an element of instability.

B. the emperors of the Northern Dynasty briefly unified China from their capital in Beijing.

The term Pax Romana refers to A. the mythical period of early Rome before the era of wars and expansion. B. the period from the Age of Augustus to the death of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. C. the mythical period of peace, described in Vergil's Aeneid. D. the Age of Caesar.

B. the period from the Age of Augustus to the death of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.

Athena, the patron goddess of the city of Athens, was the goddess of A. wisdom and agriculture. B. war, wisdom, and women's crafts. C. childbirth and women's virtue. D. the hunt and the moon.

B. war, wisdom, and women's crafts.

Non-Muslims living in Muslim-ruled territory A. were given rights equal to those of their Muslim rulers. B. were required to pay a tax called a jizya, but otherwise allowed to practice their religion. C. were required to provide military service to their Muslim rulers. D. were required to convert to Islam or die.

B. were required to pay a tax called a jizya, but otherwise allowed to practice their religion.

By 100 CE, Rome had reached a population of A. 500,000. B. 100,000. C. one million. D. two million.

C. 1 Million

Cincinnatus was seen as the ideal Roman in the Roman Republic because A. he won an important military victory. B. he resigned his position as dictator to return to his farm. C. All of these statements are true. D. he showed self-sacrificial humility, and preferred Rome's interests above his own.

C. All of these statements are true.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between the Olmecs, and the Aztecs and the Maya? A. Scholars have not been interested in linking Olmec culture with other cultures found in the region. They believe that the Olmecs were isolated and had no contact with other societies. B. All scholars agree that the Olmecs served as a "mother culture" for the Aztecs and the Maya. C. Amongst scholars, there is an ongoing debate about whether the Olmecs were a "mother culture" for the Aztecs and the Maya. D. The Olmec, Aztec, and Mayan cultures all emerged at the same time. An overlap in beliefs and practices means that scholars believe that they all came from the same, as yet unidentified, "mother culture."

C. Amongst scholars, there is an ongoing debate about whether the Olmecs were a "mother culture" for the Aztecs and the Maya.

How did the rulers of Great Zimbabwe generate wealth? A. Selling slaves across the Sahara Desert. B. Traveling across the Indian Ocean to form diplomatic ties with wealthy princes in India. C. Collecting tribute from settlements stretched across the Zimbabwe plateau. D. Killing hunter gatherers and taking their land.

C. Collecting tribute from settlements stretched across the Zimbabwe plateau.

The worldview of the scholar-official class that dominated China from the Song Dynasty until the twentieth century was A. Buddhism. B Daoism. C. Confucianism. D. Shinto.

C. Confucianism.

Which of the following is not correct about the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period? A. Zhou feudal lords engaged in an escalating contest for power and prestige. B. The prestige and power of Zhou kings faded, and their dynasty was eventually extinguished. C. Confucius served as a hegemon at the court of the Zhou kings. D. The level and scale of warfare increased.

C. Confucius served as a hegemon at the court of the Zhou kings.

Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople for all of the following reasons except A. The new capital was close to the Danube frontier, a troubled area that required the emperor's attention. B. The new capital had an excellent harbor. C. Constantine received a vision from God advising him to build a new capital. D. Building a new capital allowed Constantine to send the message that this was a new era for the Roman Empire.

C. Constantine received a vision from God advising him to build a new capital.

Which Hellenistic thinker created the discipline of geometry? A. Aristotle B. Archimedes C. Euclid D. Herophilus of Chalcedon

C. Euclid

What of the following was not a military improvement that Philip II made to the Macedonian army? A. The use of heavy cavalry. B. Adoption of the Theban-style wedge formation for the phalanx. C. Extensive sword training for hand-to-hand combat. D. Replacing the regular hoplite spear with the sarissa.

C. Extensive sword training for hand-to-hand combat.

Which of the following groups did not raid Western Europe in the tenth century? A. Magyars from the Eurasian steppes B. Norsemen from Scandinavia C. Inuit from Greenland D. Muslims from North Africa

C. Inuit from Greenland

What was an advantage that the Frankish kingdom had compared to other kingdoms of Western Europe? A. It had a more sophisticated bureaucracy. B. It had one of the largest gold mines in the entire world. C. It had fewer civil wars. D. It was the only kingdom that had the technology of gunpowder.

C. It had fewer civil wars.

Rome's last pagan emperor was A. Romulus Augustulus. B. Theodosius. C. Julian the Apostate. D. Diocletian.

C. Julian the Apostate.

Who commissioned the Catalan Atlas, thus demonstrating the fame of Mansa Musa outside of Africa? A. Sultan Shaban II of Egypt B. Emperor Hongwu of China C. King Charles V of France D. King Louis I of Hungary

C. King Charles V of France

In the Tang Law Code, crimes committed against family members result in more severe punishment than ones committed against a stranger. Also, the punishment for a son harming his father was more severe than the opposite case. The importance of status in determining punishment most reflects the influence of A.Daoism. B. Buddhism. C. Legalism. D. Confucianism.

C. Legalism.

Which of the following was not a feature of India's early medieval age? A. Some rulers enhanced their power by presenting themselves as devotees of Hindu deities and enforcers of dharma. B. Muslim Arab and Turkic rulers began to make incursions into the subcontinent and establish Islamic states. C. Mahayana Buddhism developed into a political ideology that medieval kings use to justify their rule. D. Kingdoms often governed their territory according to a political pattern that has been labeled Indian feudalism.

C. Mahayana Buddhism developed into a political ideology that medieval kings use to justify their rule.

Why was the conversion of Britain to Christianity significant for Western Europe in the early Middle Ages? A. The English language became the official language of the entire Catholic Church. B. The British king Arthur used Christianity to legitimate his invasion of continental Europe and eventual conquest of Western Europe and the establishment of himself as Roman emperor. C. Monasteries established in Britain became centers of intellectual activity and monks from Britain founded new monasteries elsewhere in Western Europe. D. After the Muslim conquest of West Francia and Italy, Britain was the only place in which the Christian religion could be practiced openly in all Europe.

C. Monasteries established in Britain became centers of intellectual activity and monks from Britain founded new monasteries elsewhere in Western Europe.

Kushan rulers such as King Kanishka employed this tactic to rule their large, culturally diverse realms. A. losing borders to prevent instability caused by migration. B. Nationalization and redistribution of farmland to prevent peasant rebellions. C. Presenting themselves as patrons of the differing deities worshiped by subjects in their land. D. Enforcement of religious unity by forcibly converting people to Buddhism.

C. Presenting themselves as patrons of the differing deities worshiped by subjects in their land.

Which of the following was not a feature of early Rome? A. Parts of the city located in marshy, flood-prone areas B. Much of the city built on seven hills C. Ready access to the sea D. Location on the Tiber River

C. Ready access to the sea

The pontifex maximus was in charge of A. Roman law. B. the Roman military. C. Roman religion. D. the Roman assemblies.

C. Roman religion.

Which Greek city-state legally allowed a man to ask permission from another man to father a child with his wife? A. Thebes B. Athens C. Sparta D. Corinth

C. Sparta

Which two states fought the Battle of Leuctra? A. Athens and Sparta B. Corinth and Thebes C. Sparta and Thebes D. Athens and Thebes

C. Sparta and Thebes

Which type of Islam most helped the tribes of the Central Asian steppe to convert to Islam? A. Shiism B. Sunnism C. Sufism D. radicalism

C. Sufism

What role did Berbers play in the Western Sudanic empires? A. The Berbers dominated the political realms of these states; they were the hereditary kings. B. To finance their military campaigns, the kings of the Western Sudan enslaved and sold the Berbers. C. The Berbers were traders who crossed the desert; they introduced Islam to market towns in the Western Sudan. D. The Berbers ran productive agricultural plantations; they paid tribute to support the upper echelons of Western Sudanic society.

C. The Berbers were traders who crossed the desert; they introduced Islam to market towns in the Western Sudan.

Which primary source do historians consider to be the single best source of pan-Hellenic values? A. Herodotus' Histories B. Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War C. The Homeric epics D. The writings of Plato and Aristotle

C. The Homeric epics

Which of the following is true of the Macedonian Dynasty? A. Under the Macedonian Emperors, the Byzantine Empire finally fell to Arab invaders. B. The Byzantine Emperor Basil I conquered the city of Rome and forced the pope to acknowledge him as the only rightful Roman emperor. C. The Macedonian Emperors enjoyed a series of military and political successes so that by the death of Basil II in 1025, the Empire was the strongest it had been since the seventh century. D. The Byzantine Emperor Coprophagous IV was overthrown by an angry mob. Afterwards, the leader of this mob re-established democracy in the Greek-speaking world for the first time in over a thousand years.

C. The Macedonian Emperors enjoyed a series of military and political successes so that by the death of Basil II in 1025, the Empire was the strongest it had been since the seventh century.

What was the most important measure implemented by Diocletian to end the Third Century Crisis? A. A stronger bodyguard corps for the emperor B. Adoption of multiple heirs C. The Tetrarchy D. Traveling with a body double

C. The Tetrarchy

Which key Christian doctrine did the First Council of Nicaea ratify? A. The doctrine of the historical Adam and Eve. B. The doctrine of the sanctity of the Eucharist. C. The doctrine of the Trinity. D. The doctrine of the sanctity of the Emperor.

C. The doctrine of the Trinity.

All of the following were continuities in dynastic Egypt except A. Dynastic Egypt had a unifying religious ideology which linked the pharaohs to the gods. B. Social distinctions and hierarchies were fairly consistent during the dynastic period. C. The pharaohs built huge pyramids as their burial sites during the dynastic period. D. Egypt's population was fairly stable during the dynastic period.

C. The pharaohs built huge pyramids as their burial sites during the dynastic period.

Which of the following was not a military advantage enjoyed by the nomads of the steppes? A. The Mongol Horse could travel up to 160 kilometers in a day, giving their armies great range and mobility. B. Their recurve bows had great range and piercing power. C. The steppe peoples were the first peoples in the world to perfect the technology of the rifle. Firing rifles from horseback, the Mongols combined both firepower and mobility. D. The Great Hunt gave them practice in coordinating large numbers of people on horseback.

C. The steppe peoples were the first peoples in the world to perfect the technology of the rifle. Firing rifles from horseback, the Mongols combined both firepower and mobility.

Prior to the rise of the Mongols, which ethnic group had the most significant impact on Central Asia? A. Arab B. Chinese C. Turkic D. Persian

C. Turkic

How has Ethiopia's environment compared to the environment the rest of the African continent? A. Similar what was seen across the continent, Ethiopians built their state in the 700s BCE in tropical rainforests. Ethiopians grew a number of tropical plants, including eggplant and peppers. B. Like much of the continent, Ethiopia had poor soils and unpredictable rainfall. Farming was nearly impossible until mechanized farming in the twentieth century CE. C. Unlike much of the continent, Ethiopia had very fertile, volcanic soils capable of supporting large populations. D. Unlike much of the continent, Ethiopia has remained desert. Before 600 CE, it was home only to nomadic communities.

C. Unlike much of the continent, Ethiopia had very fertile, volcanic soils capable of supporting large populations.

Which of the following was not of true of daily life in medieval Europe? A. The most common2 drink in northern Europe was beer. B. Popular noble recreation could result in accidental death. C. Whereas the noble diet was heavy in meat, peasant farmers never were able to have meat. D. Whereas nobles often resided in large rural houses, peasants usually lived in small houses.

C. Whereas the noble diet was heavy in meat, peasant farmers never were able to have meat.

What was the great controversy that divided the Byzantine Empire during the eighth and ninth centuries? A. Whether or not Christians had to follow the dietary laws of the Old Testament. B. Whether or not the Bible could be translated from Greek. C. Whether or not Christians could use images in worship. D. Whether or not those Christians who had converted to Islam could be allowed to convert back to Christianity.

C. Whether or not Christians could use images in worship.

Early Zhou rulers justified overthrowing the Shang Dynasty by claiming that A. the Shang king was illegitimate and born of a barbarian mother. B. Shang rulers had broken the oaths they had taken when they allied with the Zhou to govern western territory. C. a higher power had deemed that the Shang no longer had the right to rule and designated the Zhou rulers as the ones now responsible for that task. D. the Shang king had captured Zhou nobles and sacrificed them to their ancestors.

C. a higher power had deemed that the Shang no longer had the right to rule and designated the Zhou rulers as the ones now responsible for that task.

In the Battle of Yarmouk, A. a civil war between Justinian and Narses, one of his greatest generals, ended when Justinian's cavalry defected to Narses, causing Justinian to lose the battle and Narses to become Eastern Roman Emperor. B. a Persian army defeated an Arab Muslim army. As a result, although Egypt and Syria became part of the caliphate, Persia remained independent. C. an Arab Muslim army defeated a Roman army. This Muslim victory would allow the Muslims to go on to conquer Roman territories in Egypt, Syria, and Palestine. D. the Persians conquered the Roman Empire, establishing the reign of the Great King of Persia over all of Europe and Asia, a rule that he maintained for the next thousand years.

C. an Arab Muslim army defeated a Roman army. This Muslim victory would allow the Muslims to go on to conquer Roman territories in Egypt, Syria, and Palestine.

The name Charlemagne A. comes from the Greek word for Charles the Holy. B. has no meaning. C. comes from the Latin word for Charles the Great. D. comes from the Hebrew word for Fist of God.

C. comes from the Latin word for Charles the Great.

Augustus held all of the following titles except A. princeps. B. First Citizen. C. dictator. D. Pater Patriae.

C. dictator.

The aim of the First Triumvirate was A. for all three members to help each other gain advantageous diplomatic positions. B. for all three members to help each other gain advantageous marriage alliances. C. for all three members to help each other win additional consulships. D. for all three members to inherit vast estates in Spain.

C. for all three members to help each other win additional consulships.

In his youth, Temujin (known later as Genghis Khan) A. suffered from a lack of confidence, but eventually resolved to become the khan of his people when his older brother died and made his last request to Temujin that he rule the Mongols. B. converted to Islam when a shaman explained to him that Allah was just the Arabic translation for The Everlasting Sky. C. had a sense that he was destined for glory and to rule over many other peoples. D. suffered from a disability and was unable to walk until he was fourteen.

C. had a sense that he was destined for glory and to rule over many other peoples.

Which of the following was least important to the way of life of a pastoral nomad in Central Asia? A. organizing camps in a way that reduced the threats posed by enemies B. mounted warfare C. horticulture D seasonal migration

C. horticulture

All of the following was associated with Hopewell culture except A. a large zone of exchange that extended across much of eastern North America. B. mound building. C. hunting bison. D. burials with "grave goods," including spear points, stone pipes, and sculptures of animals and human hands.

C. hunting bison.

These were the seasonal winds that facilitated trade between the Swahili coast and southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, and Southeast Asia. A. euro B. Bali C. monsoon D. Taku

C. monsoon

After Normans conquered England in 1066, the Kingdom of England A. kept nearly all of its indigenous nobility. B. became much more politically decentralized as a result of the introduction of feudalism. C. moved closer to France in language, institutions, and culture, but retained a relatively centralized bureaucracy. D. was annexed to the Kingdom of France.

C. moved closer to France in language, institutions, and culture, but retained a relatively centralized bureaucracy.

When the 'Abbasids seized control of the caliphate, A. one Umayyad, Nur ad-Din, escaped, eventually ending up in Afghanistan, where he would establish a new Umayyad dynasty. B. they exercised effective political power, but kept the Umayyad caliphs on the throne to serve as figureheads. C. one Umayyad, 'Abd al-Rahman, escaped, eventually ending up in Spain, where he would establish a new Umayyad dynasty. D. they killed all Umayyads with any claim to the caliphate.

C. one Umayyad, 'Abd al-Rahman, escaped, eventually ending up in Spain, where he would establish a new Umayyad dynasty.

The politics of the Late Roman Republic largely were defined by disagreement between which two political factions? A. pro-Caesarians and anti-Caesarians B. Republicans and Democrats C. populares and optimates D. plebeians and patricians

C. populares and optimates

One of the main ideals of humanism was to A. reject religion and embrace atheism. B. reject Christianity and return to the worship of Greek and Roman gods. C. reject medieval commentaries on ancient texts and return to a study of the texts themselves. D. reject the study of literature and turn to a study of logic and philosophy.

C. reject medieval commentaries on ancient texts and return to a study of the texts themselves.

Roman respect for mos maiorum resulted in A. an imperialistic attitude. B. a respect for Greek customs. C. resistance to change and innovation. D. patriotism.

C. resistance to change and innovation.

Charlemagne had A. one son. B. several sons. C. several sons and daughters, but two of his sons and one of his daughters died before him. D. no children.

C. several sons and daughters, but two of his sons and one of his daughters died before him.

During China's Song Dynasty, the principal path by which an individual became an official serving in the government was A. hereditary privilege by belonging to the aristocratic class. B. recommendation by district magistrates. C. success in the examination system. D. being voted into office during the election season.

C. success in the examination system.

The four Crusader States were the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and A. the Commandery of Mt. Athos. B. the Duchy of Alexandria. C. the County of Tripoli. D. the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

C. the County of Tripoli.

The city of Mecca, where the Prophet Muhammad's Quraysh tribe traded camels and commercial goods, is located in A. the Dasht-e Kavir, the great salt desert of central Iran. B. the Mesopotamian marshes in the south of Iraq. C. the Hijaz, the western part of Arabia that is one of the most fertile parts of the Arabian peninsula. D. the region of Arabia known as the Empty Quarter, the barren and empty desert of southeastern Arabia. Mecca sits on the only oasis in the Empty Quarter.

C. the Hijaz, the western part of Arabia that is one of the most fertile parts of the Arabian peninsula.

When the Western Roman Empire fell, A. the Roman state disintegrated but literacy remained high. B. the Roman state disintegrated but cities remained large and populated. C. the Roman state disintegrated, cities shrank drastically, and literacy went into decline. D. the Visigoths quickly established a new Roman empire under their king Theodoric. This new empire ruled all of what had been the Western Roman Empire.

C. the Roman state disintegrated, cities shrank drastically, and literacy went into decline.

In the Battle of Manzikert, A. the Byzantine field army under the command of Emperor Romanos IV wiped out the army of the Saljuq sultan Alps Arslan. B. The Saljuq Turks and Byzantine Empire fought to a standstill, with neither side achieving victory. C. the Seljuk Turks under Alps Arslan wiped out the Byzantine field army under the command of Emperor Romanos IV. D. The Saljuq Turks defeated the Egyptian army under the command of Caliph al-Hakim the Mad.

C. the Seljuk Turks under Alps Arslan wiped out the Byzantine field army under the command of Emperor Romanos IV.

As a consequence of Mongol rule over Central Asia, A. the Mongols instituted a sharp set of distinctions between Turk and Mongol so as to maintain their identity. B. the Mongols gradually became absorbed into the culture of Turkic peoples. C. the Turks gradually became absorbed into the culture of the Mongols. D. both Mongol and Turk gradually became absorbed into Arabic culture.

C. the Turks gradually became absorbed into the culture of the Mongols.

In the Americas, shamanism was an important religious A. its emphasis on the need for everyone to complete daily prayers in religious temples. B. the belief that plants acted as intermediaries between the gods and humans. C. the important societal role of religious specialists, who claimed to control the forces of the natural world. D. the belief in only one god, the High God, who lived amongst people on earth.

C. the important societal role of religious specialists, who claimed to control the forces of the natural world.

The term Neolithic Revolution refers to A. the advent of writing. B. the completion of human migration throughout the world. C. the move from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture. D. the rise of hunter-gatherers.

C. the move from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture.

The name Genghis Khan means A. sacred and wild. B. Fist of Heaven. C. universal ruler. D. Flash of the Soaring Dragon of Heaven.

C. universal ruler.

According to some Roman historians, which moment marked the beginning of the end of the Roman Republic? A. the reforms of Tiberius Gracchus B. victory over Pyrrhus of Epirus C. victory over Carthage in the Third Punic War D. the birth of Julius Caesar

C. victory over Carthage in the Third Punic War

The three stages into which historians divide the Peloponnesian War are A. 1. Stage One 2. Stage Two 3. Stage Three B. 1. Stage Alpha 2. Stage Beta 3. Stage Gamma C. 1. Archidamian War 2. Age of the Plague 3. Siege and Blockade Stage D. 1. Archidamian War 2. Peace of Nicias 3. Decelean War

D. 1. Archidamian War 2. Peace of Nicias 3. Decelean War

What percentage of the Roman Empire's population was Christian before the conversion of Constantine? A. 1% B. 25% C. 5% D. 10%

D. 10%

Which of the following statements is not true about the Swahili city-states? A. Dozens of Swahili city-states dominated the East African coast from 1000 to 1500 CE. B. Historians of Africa trace the origins of the Swahili city-states to the Bantu expansions. C. Swahili merchants generally made their fortunes by acting as middlemen. They sold gold, timber, and other goods from interior regions of Africa to traders who carried the items throughout the Indian Ocean world. D. A single sultan ruled over all of the Swahili city-states.

D. A single sultan ruled over all of the Swahili city-states.

Historians use Aksum's stelae to suggest that A. Aksumite leaders began converting to Christianity in the 2nd century CE. B. Aksum was a "warrior state." C. Aksumite leaders did not place any value on material wealth. D. Aksumite leaders sought to maintain their links to previous rulers.

D. Aksumite leaders sought to maintain their links to previous rulers.

When did the Roman Republic fall? A. During the dictatorship of Sulla. B. With the assassination of Julius Caesar. C. At the death of Augustus. D. All of these answers are possible explanations.

D. All of these answers are possible explanations.

How were archons appointed in Athens, and what was the length of their term of service? A. Appointed by lot from the aristocracy, served one year. B. Appointed by lot from all eligible citizens, served two years. C. Elected from the aristocracy, served one year. D. Appointed by lot from all eligible citizens, served one year.

D. Appointed by lot from all eligible citizens, served one year.

If you wanted to deliver something heavy in Republican Rome by cart, when would you make the delivery? A. noon B. anytime C. early morning D. At night

D. At night

Greeks founded colonies in all of the following except A. Sicily. B. the Black Sea coast. C. Italy. D. Britain.

D. Britain.

Which two former allies fought against each other in the final civil war of the Roman Republic? A. Marius and Sulla B. Crassus and Pompey C. Caesar and Crassus D. Caesar and Pompey

D. Caesar and Pompey

During China's Han Dynasty, A. China established commanderies in Korea that exercised control over the entire peninsula. B. The Silla Dynasty repulsed Chinese invasions and unified the Korean peninsula under one state. C. the invasion of China by the state of Goguryeo led to the Han Dynasty's downfall. D. China established four military outposts in Korea that established control over part of the peninsula, even as independent kingdoms and tribal confederations remained to the east and south.

D. China established four military outposts in Korea that established control over part of the peninsula, even as independent kingdoms and tribal confederations remained to the east and south.

Alexander the Great attempted to conquer all of the following except A. India. B. Egypt. C. Persia. D. China.

D. China.

Which Julio-Claudian emperor died after eating mushrooms? A. Nero B. Augustus C. Tiberius D. Claudius

D. Claudius

Which of the following was not a method used by Western Zhou rulers to govern their territory? A. Granting land and noble titles to Zhou kinsmen in exchange for obedience, tribute, and military support. B. Construction of a secondary capital farther east closer to the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, where most of the population was located. C. Legitimizing a kinship-based feudal system with a political ideology known as the Mandate of Heaven. D. Conversion of territory into counties so that magistrates elevated from the ranks of commoners could be assigned to them.

D. Conversion of territory into counties so that magistrates elevated from the ranks of commoners could be assigned to them.

The two most powerful neighbors of early Rome were the A. Phoenicians in the north and Latins in the south. B. Greeks in the north and Etruscans in the south. C. Etruscans in the north and Sabines in the south. D. Etruscans in the north and Greeks in the south.

D. Etruscans in the north and Greeks in the south.

Which of the following was not usually true of a Khagan? A. He was primarily the ruler of a steppe confederation of clans and tribes. B. He laid claim to some sort of divine providence. C. He maintained group cohesion and warded of challenges through personal charisma and martial skills. D. He obtained his position by hereditary descent, as eldest son of the prior Khagan.

D. He obtained his position by hereditary descent, as eldest son of the prior Khagan.

Which of the following was not a problem that Pliny the Younger had to resolve during his time as governor of the province Bithynia? A. What to do with Christians in his province. B. Whether it was permissible to use slaves as prison guards. C. Whether it was permissible to establish volunteer fire brigades. D. How to provide public education and schooling for children in the province.

D. How to provide public education and schooling for children in the province.

What has been the main effect of trypanosomiasis (or sleeping sickness) in Africa? A. It has been a childhood disease that has weakened family structures. B. It has not had much of an impact in Africa. C. Because it has a high mortality rate (about 50%) in healthy adult populations, it has severely limited population growth on the continent. D. It has limited the practicality of keeping certain types of livestock in Africa.

D. It has limited the practicality of keeping certain types of livestock in Africa.

What was the eventual fate of the Ayyubid sultanate that Salah al-Din established in Egypt? A. It would survive as an independent sultanate down into modern times. B. It would eventually be conquered by King Louis IX of France and made an overseas colony of the kingdom of France. C. Sal al-Din's heirs would eventually rule the entire Middle East, claiming the title of caliph for themselves. D. Its sultans would be overthrown by their mamluks in the mid thirteenth century CE.

D. Its sultans would be overthrown by their mamluks in the mid thirteenth century CE.

Describe the situation of the Maya in the 9th century CE. A. In the 9th century CE, the Maya moved their civilization to what is present-day Colombia. B. The 9th century CE was the height of Mayan power as the king of Teotihuacán ruled over a unified empire and collected tribute from all neighboring regions. C. The Mayan culture abruptly ended in the 9th century CE. No Mayan sites remained after the sudden decline of Teotihuacán. D. Many Maya sites collapsed in the 9th century CE. There were famines and many Mayan settlements were largely abandoned.

D. Many Maya sites collapsed in the 9th century CE. There were famines and many Mayan settlements were largely abandoned.

How did the status of women among the Arabs change after the arrival of Islam? A. Prior to Islam, a man could have up to four wives, but under Islam, a man could have as many wives as he wanted at the same time as long as he could afford to support them. B. Prior to Islam, Arab women had had a choice in whom they married, but under Islam, they had no choices. C. Prior to Islam, a woman could have multiple husbands, but under Islam, a woman was allowed only four husbands. D. Prior to Islam, a woman had no choice in whom she married, but under Islam, a woman had a choice in whom she married.

D. Prior to Islam, a woman had no choice in whom she married, but under Islam, a woman had a choice in whom she married.

The most successful and longest lasting of the kingdoms that emerged out of Alexander the Great's empire was A. Antigonid Syria. B. the Seleucid Empire. C. the Kingdom of Macedon. D. Ptolemaic Egypt.

D. Ptolemaic Egypt.

The Kebra Nagast includes all of the following except A. Queen Mekeda was an early convert to Judaism. B. the entourage of Menelik I took the Ark of the Covenant to Ethiopia. C. the Ethiopian royal family is descendant from Queen Mekeda and King Solomon. D. Queen Mekeda was the daughter of King Solomon.

D. Queen Mekeda was the daughter of King Solomon.

Vergil's Aeneid, Rome's national epic written during the Augustan Age, includes a myth about the origins of A. Rome's wars with Greece. B. the civil wars of the late Roman Republic. C. the civil war of Marius and Sulla. D. Rome's wars with Carthage.

D. Rome's wars with Carthage.

Chandragupta Maurya's campaigns brought him into conflict with this foreign ruler. A. The First Emperor of Qin B. Darius III. C. Attila the Hun D. Seleucus Nicator

D. Seleucus Nicator

Which of the following best describes gender relations in early medieval Europe? A. Women enjoyed complete equality with men. B. The Celtic-speaking peoples of Britain had been a matriarchal society because they believed in an all-powerful mother goddess, but when they converted to Christianity, society became patriarchal. C. Society was patriarchal and women had no rights at all. D. Society was patriarchal, but women had some rights (such as to keep property brought into a marriage) and often took part in economic life.

D. Society was patriarchal, but women had some rights (such as to keep property brought into a marriage) and often took part in economic life.

Which dynasty implemented a meritocratic examination system for the purpose of locating civil servants? A. Zhou B. Tang C. Han D. Song

D. Song

Which of the following is true about the Battle of Sphacteria? A. Sparta surrendered to the Corinth for the first time. B. It ended the Peloponnesian War. C. It was a factor in bringing about the Peace of Nestor. D. Sparta surrendered to the Athens for the first time and it was a factor in bringing about the Peace of Nicias.

D. Sparta surrendered to the Athens for the first time and it was a factor in bringing about the Peace of Nicias.

Which politician changed the Roman constitution in order to weaken the plebeian tribunate? A. Catilina B. Marius C. Gracchi brothers D. Sulla

D. Sulla

Which of the following is not an example of material culture? A. A papyrus document from Egypt B. A vase painting C. An inscription on a wall D. The Homeric epics

D. The Homeric epics

Which of the following statements best describes the Incan military? A. The Incas lacked a military. They effectively used diplomacy to cement their rule over neighboring peoples. B. The Incan military was devoted to siege warfare. It surrounded neighboring cities, cut them off from their supplies, and then slowly starved them into submission. C. The Incas had a weak army and were unable to extend their empire beyond its capital at Cuzco. D. The Incas had an effective army that wore light armor. Two of the strengths of their army were their ability to use the landscape to their advantage and their mobility.

D. The Incas had an effective army that wore light armor. Two of the strengths of their army were their ability to use the landscape to their advantage and their mobility.

Which of the following was a reason that some Muslims resented Umayyad rule over the caliphate? A. The Umayyads granted full legal equality to the Jews and Christians living in the caliphate. B. An Umayyad caliph named Umar Sharif declared that he was co-equal with God and that he had the right to add new verses to the Qur'an. C. The Umayyad caliphs forbade the writing down of the Qur'an, but instead insisted that if a Muslim wanted to know the Qur'an, then he or she needed only to listen to an authorized preacher. D. The Umayyads had fought against Muhammad early in his career and had only converted to Islam after they had been militarily defeated by the forces of Medina.

D. The Umayyads had fought against Muhammad early in his career and had only converted to Islam after they had been militarily defeated by the forces of Medina.

What horrific disaster befell the city of Rome in 410 CE? A. The city was sacked by the Parthians. B. a plague C. an earthquake D. The city was sacked by the Goths.

D. The city was sacked by the Goths.

How did the leaders of the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires become wealthy and maintain control over the Western Sudan? A. They generated wealth primarily through cattle breeding and used Christianity to unite the people within their realms. B. They formed alliances with North African states to militarily dominate the entire African continent. C. They lacked productive agriculture, but were able to build wealthy states by monopolizing the continent's trade in ivory. D. They controlled access to West African gold during a period when gold was in very high demand.

D. They controlled access to West African gold during a period when gold was in very high demand.

Why did European sailors, particularly Genoese and Iberians, begin exploring the western coast of Africa in the fourteenth century? A. They were looking for the legendary Kingdom of Shambala. B. They were looking for a source of coal reserves. C. They were looking for a city that was said to be the home of a fantastical race of creatures called Chthonians, creatures that, if they could be bribed with gifts of wine, could be convinced to cause earthquakes that could be used against enemies in time of war. D. They were looking for a route to the source of West Africa's gold.

D. They were looking for a route to the source of West Africa's gold.

The available historical record emphasizes this about the Assyrian Empire. A. The Assyrian Empire lasted over a thousand years. B. The Assyrians tried to encourage people to view them as just and fair. C. The Assyrians were the first to use bronze weaponry and lay siege to cities. D. To deter potential rebellions, the Assyrians purposefully tried to inspire fear in their conquered populations.

D. To deter potential rebellions, the Assyrians purposefully tried to inspire fear in their conquered populations.

After moving its capital to Meroe, the Kingdom of Kush experienced all of the following except A. a booming iron industry. B. the ability to grow a wider variety of crops. C. more rainfall. D. a closer relationship with Egypt.

D. a closer relationship with Egypt.

Apuleius' novel Metamorphoses shows that life in the Roman provinces during the Pax Romana was A. peaceful and enjoyable. B. overly regulated by the Roman Empire. C. governed by religious rituals. D. dangerous and unpredictable.

D. dangerous and unpredictable.

This phrase refers to the dispersal of African peoples and their descendants throughout the world. A. Scattering B. Great Trek C. Great Migration D. diaspora

D. diaspora

What controversial title did Caesar adopt in 44 BCE? A. dictator B. censor perpetuo C. consul D. dictator perpetuo

D. dictator perpetuo

During the Classical Period of Islam, the punishment for adultery under sharia law was A. for the person who committed adultery to be stoned to death if he or she was caught in the act. Death by stoning happened sometimes. B. for the person who had committed adultery to be scolded in public, but otherwise receive no punishment. C. for the person who committed adultery to be stoned to death, and all that was necessary for proof was hearsay. Death by stoning was frequent. D. for the person who committed adultery to be stoned to death if the adultery could be established by four witnesses. Death by stoning was exceedingly rare.

D. for the person who committed adultery to be stoned to death if the adultery could be established by four witnesses. Death by stoning was exceedingly rare.

When Genghis Khan sent an envoy to the Khawarazmian Turks, their leader A. refused to meet with this envoy, who returned to Mongolia. This precipitated an invasion of Khwarazmian territory by Genghis Khan. B. bribed the envoy to give him information about the Mongol armies that allowed Ala al-Din Muhammad to be the first leader to defeat Genghis Khan in battle. C. surrendered to the Mongols without a fight, sparing his people the death and destruction that would surely have come from a Mongol invasion. D. had the envoy executed, which precipitated an invasion of Khwarazmian territory by Genghis Khan.

D. had the envoy executed, which precipitated an invasion of Khwarazmian territory by Genghis Khan.

After the death of Muhammad, A. his son, Horus the Primarch, led an Arab navy that sailed up to the walls of Constantinople. Horus himself led a small group of soldiers over the walls of the city, but he was defeated in battle by the emperor on the very steps of the imperial palace. B. his son, Leto II, overthrew the last Byzantine emperor, Shaddam IV, and, marching into Constantinople with his fedakeen warriors, Leto proclaimed himself to be God-emperor of Earth. C. his body was mummified and placed upon a throne in the Great Mosque of Mecca. D. his successors, the first caliphs, led the Arab peoples in a series of conquests, building an empire that covered most of North Africa and the Middle East.

D. his successors, the first caliphs, led the Arab peoples in a series of conquests, building an empire that covered most of North Africa and the Middle East.

The most important archaeological evidence for the origins of the Japanese imperial line are A. iron swords found in northwestern Kyushu. B. cord-marked pottery decorated with inscribed symbols. C. palace ruins in central Japan. D. large, keyhole-shaped, mounded tombs.

D. large, keyhole-shaped, mounded tombs.

In Aksum, stelae were used to A. transport goods across the Red Sea. B. create religious paintings on the ceilings of the state's monasteries. C. declare war on the state's enemies. D. mark the underground gravesites of Aksum's royalty and elite.

D. mark the underground gravesites of Aksum's royalty and elite.

Which of the following was the least important component of warfare in nomadic society? A. feigned retreat B. mounted archery C. accurate assessment of the likelihood that an enemy could be defeated D. organization of supply lines

D. organization of supply lines

Both Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus unsuccessfully attempted to pass major land reforms by using their elected office as A. quaestors B. consuls C. aediles D. plebeian tribunes

D. plebeian tribunes

What profitable use were some Greeks able to obtain from their clay-rich soil? A. agriculture B. bricks C. monumental building D. pottery

D. pottery

Under Emperor Basil II, the Byzantine Empire A. was drastically weakened by an invasion from the Fatimid Egyptians. Basil was fortunately able to overcome this invasion, but the slaughter had been immense. B. converted to Islam when Muslim missionaries convinced the emperor that the Qur'an was superior to the Bible. C. fell to an invasion of Pechenegs, who stormed Constantinople's walls and slew the emperor in 1025. D. reached the height of its power, with Basil conquering the Bulgars and subordinating the peoples of Armenia to imperial rule. By his death, the Empire was the most extensive that it had been since the days of Justinian.

D. reached the height of its power, with Basil conquering the Bulgars and subordinating the peoples of Armenia to imperial rule. By his death, the Empire was the most extensive that it had been since the days of Justinian.

Which period of Roman history did the nineteenth-century British historian Edward Gibbon refer to as the "happiest age" of mankind? A. Julio-Claudian Dynasty B. Age of Constantine C. Age of Augustus D. rule of the Five Good Emperors

D. rule of the Five Good Emperors

Over the course of the fifth century CE, the Germanic peoples who had taken over the territories that had once been the Western Roman Empire A. sought to unite the west into a new Empire known as the Amon Amarth with Johan Hegg as its emperor. B. sought to destroy every trace of Rome and replace Roman society with their own culture. C. sought to preserve Roman culture, but to destroy Christianity and replace it with the worship of Germanic gods like Thor and Odin. D. sought to preserve Roman culture and live as elites in their newly conquered territories.

D. sought to preserve Roman culture and live as elites in their newly conquered territories.

In the field of learning, Charlemagne and his successors A. sought to improve the teaching of Greek in Western Europe. B. sought books in Hebrew throughout the world in order to produce a new translation of the Old Testament into Latin. C. ordered any non-Christian books burned. D. sought to promote the copying of books and the foundation of schools throughout the empire in order to increase Latin literacy as part of a program of moral reform.

D. sought to promote the copying of books and the foundation of schools throughout the empire in order to increase Latin literacy as part of a program of moral reform.

Hellenistic scientists and thinkers were fascinated with A. Research into military technology and the art of war. B. learning the will of the gods. C. discovering the key to human happiness. D. studying the order of the universe and how it worked.

D. studying the order of the universe and how it worked.

In the years before the Prophet Muhammad preached Islam, A. Arabia was a province of the Byzantine Empire. Its last governor was the Baron Vladimir Harkonnen, but during the Battle of the Trench, when Muhammad's elite warriors known as the Fedaykin stormed the governor's palace, the Baron was stabbed by Muhammad's younger sister, known in the Arabic tradition as Wali Alia of the Knife. B. Arabia was a province of the Persian Empire, ruled by a Persian Satrap. C. the peoples of Arabia were united in a single Kingdom of Arabia, ruled by a king whose ceremonial title was al-Malik al-Akbar. The king of Arabia often fought against the Roman Empire in alliance with the Great King of Persia. D. the Arabs lived in tribes, usually a group of relatives who claimed descent from a common ancestor.

D. the Arabs lived in tribes, usually a group of relatives who claimed descent from a common ancestor.

Although many of the papacy's efforts at Church reform in the eleventh century were successful, one consequence was that A. the papacy was forced to relocate to Constantinople for several decades after German troops seized the city of Rome in 1066. B. the Holy Roman Emperors confiscated all bishops' lands in the Holy Roman Empire. As a result, bishops in the Holy Roman Empire lost a major source of wealth. C. the Church of England split from the Catholic Church in 1054. It has remained separate from the Catholic Church to the present day. D. the Catholic and Orthodox churches were split from one another.

D. the Catholic and Orthodox churches were split from one another.

Buddhism become a major religious tradition in China due to all of the following except A. for the educated, similarities to Daoist philosophy paved the way for the reception of Buddhist ideas; the Dao, for instance, seemed similar to Nirvana. B. Buddhism had widespread appeal as a devotional religion because Buddhas and Bodhisattvas could respond to the prayers of ordinary people and assist them with their good karma. C. in a time of widespread turmoil, Buddhism offered an explanation for the meaning of suffering while also providing a path to salvation and enlightenment. D. the Chinese imperial monarchy, seeing that Buddhism fostered peace among the population, offered tax relief for those who converted.

D. the Chinese imperial monarchy, seeing that Buddhism fostered peace among the population, offered tax relief for those who converted.

Upon the death of Charlemagne's son Louis the Pious, A. the Carolingian Empire was passed on to Louis's only surviving son, Louis the German. B. a Viking army from Norway conquered the whole empire and the leader of the Norse army, Joakim Brodén, made himself emperor. C. the empire passed to his heir Theophilus, who as the son of Louis and his wife, the Byzantine princess Theophanu, became ruler of both the Carolingian and Byzantine Empires. D. the empire was divided between Louis's three sons Charles the Bald, Louis the German, and Lothar.

D. the empire was divided between Louis's three sons Charles the Bald, Louis the German, and Lothar.

Kingdoms formed on the Indo-Gangetic plains during A. the early medieval age, after 600 CE. B. the period of regional states, circa 200 BCE-300 CE. C. the third millennium BCE, when the Harappan Civilization was at its peak. D. the later Vedic Age, circa 1000-600 BCE.

D. the later Vedic Age, circa 1000-600 BCE.

The textbook indicates that the term civilization has proven to be a potentially problematic word since A. no one knows the origin of the word civilization. B. historians are unable to find equivalents of the word civilization in languages other than English. C. people living in ancient civilizations did not consider themselves to be civilized. D. the word civilization is a loaded term, meaning that it can contain a value judgment.

D. the word civilization is a loaded term, meaning that it can contain a value judgment.

The archaeological excavations of Megara Hyblaea, a Greek colony in Sicily, reveals that Greek colonists were interested in A. building elaborate temples and strong walls. B. urban farming. C. building elaborate mansions. D. urban planning and the equality of citizens.

D. urban planning and the equality of citizens.

Desiderius Erasmus sought to A. use Aristotelian logic to analyze the Greek text of the New Testament. B. use linguistic analysis on the Sanskrit text of the Ramayana. C. use Aristotelian logic to analyze the Arabic text of the Quran. D. use linguistic analysis on the Greek text of the New Testament.

D. use linguistic analysis on the Greek text of the New Testament.

The prehistoric cave paintings at Lascaux include A. abstract images. B. images of mostly birds. C. images of women engaging in domestic tasks. D. vibrantly painted scenes showing humans hunting a variety of animals.

D. vibrantly painted scenes showing humans hunting a variety of animals.

Machu Picchu A. was likely the capital city of the Inca. B. was destroyed by an earthquake in 1403 CE. C. was a large city that housed approximately 250,000 people. D. was likely built during the reign of Pachacuti and used as a royal retreat.

D. was likely built during the reign of Pachacuti and used as a royal retreat.

In Western Europe of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, castles A. largely served as luxurious houses. B. were almost always made of stone. C. were initially made of mud brick, but later came to be constructed out of stone. D. were initially made of wood, but later came to be constructed out of stone.

D. were initially made of wood, but later came to be constructed out of stone.

Under the Roman Law of Justinian, Jews A. gained full equality with Christians. B. were allowed to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem. C. were forced to emigrate from the Eastern Roman Empire. D. were subject to several civil disabilities.

D. were subject to several civil disabilities.

Around 10,000 years ago, Mesoamericans began to cultivate squash as both a food source and A. for constructing their homes. B. to make fishing threads. C. for religious rituals. D. for storage containers.

D. for storage containers.

The Seleucid Empire had a particularly antagonistic relationship with this group. A. Jews B. Babylonians C. Parthians D. Chinese

A. Jews

Who belonged to the Athenian ekklesia? A. All residents of Athens. B. All male citizens. C. All male and female citizens. D. Only the aristocracy.

B. All male citizens.

The goddess Cloacina was the patron diety of A. agriculture. B. the Roman sewer system. C. the sea. D. the city of Rome.

B. the Roman sewer system.

This source is abundant in the Andes Mountains and is a great aid to scholars who study the history of the region. A. personal diaries B. state libraries C. artifacts D. paintings on tree bark

C. artifacts

What was the correct order of the Republican cursus honorum?

quaestors, praetors, consuls, and censors.

The Quran states that Abraham was A. a Jew. B. a Zoroastrian. C. a Christian. D. a Muslim. *I think its this one

D. Muslim *maybe A. Jew

Organized warfare arose during which period? A. Paleolithic Age B. Neolithic Age C. Bronze Age D. Pleistocene Epoch

B. Neolithic Age

All of the following statements are true about the Palette of Narmer except A. It is used to date the unification of Egypt to approximately 4500 BCE. B. It has religious imagery. C. It has some of the earliest known hieroglyphics. D. It has two sides, both of which show King Narmer conquering his enemies.

A. It is used to date the unification of Egypt to approximately 4500 BCE.

Which one of the following was not true of Mohenjo-Daro? A. It lacked structures for moving sewage out of the city. B. Structures were principally composed of mudbricks and bricks baked in kilns. IC. t was located along the lower reaches of the Indus River. D. It had residential and commercial sectors laid out on a grid resembling city blocks.

A. It lacked structures for moving sewage out of the city.

Sumerian city-states shared all of the following characteristics except A. Kings dominated the Sumerian city-states and created large empires by 5000 BCE. B. Sumerians believed that their entire city belonged to its main deity. This main deity usually became part of the defining identity of each city. C. Sumerian city-states had social stratification. A small segment of the population acted as rulers and religious leaders, most people were farmers, other people specialized in certain skills, and likely some people were considered slaves. D. Each city had a temple complex or a ziggurat as the visual focus of its urban landscape.

A. Kings dominated the Sumerian city-states and created large empires by 5000 BCE.

Which of the following was not a feature of the Last Glacial Maximum? A. Rainfall rates around the world from year to year were predictable. B. Average temperatures dropped by as much as 57 degrees F. C. Temperatures were unpredictable. D. Regions that are now fertile farmlands were covered in ice.

A. Rainfall rates around the world from year to year were predictable.

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of Mahayana Buddhism? A. The ideal path to salvation by living as monk or nun in a monastic setting and seeking perfection in enlightenment. B. The universe becomes populated with numerous god-like Buddhas. C. New scriptures that offer different paths to enlightenment. D. The notion of the Bodhisattva, a holy being that has foregone final enlightenment in order to work for the salvation of others.

A. The ideal path to salvation by living as monk or nun in a monastic setting and seeking perfection in enlightenment.

What is the historical significance of Jericho and Çatalhüyük for the study of early human civilization? A. They are examples of the earliest village-like settlements. B. They made a peace treaty with each other. C. They produced the earliest writing systems. D. They were the first to domesticate dogs.

A. They are examples of the earliest village-like settlements.

Which of the following was not an important difference between the Mauryan and Gupta Empires? A. Whereas the center of the Mauryan Empire was the Indus River, the center of the Gupta Empire was the Ganges River. B. The Mauryan rulers' kingly dharma was most heavily influenced by Buddhist principles. C. The Mauryan Empire did not last as long as the Gupta Empire. D. The Gupta Empire produced more art and literature.

A. Whereas the center of the Mauryan Empire was the Indus River, the center of the Gupta Empire was the Ganges River.

The earliest Chinese dynasties developed A. along the Yellow River and on the North China Plain, where the land and climate are suited to wheat and millet farming. B. in Beijing, the capital of China today. C. along the Yangzi River and in central China, where a warmer and wetter climate makes for productive rice agriculture. D. on the Manchurian Plains, on land suited to hunting, farming, and fishing.

A. along the Yellow River and on the North China Plain, where the land and climate are suited to wheat and millet farming.

During the early history of India, the most important region of South Asia was the A. Himalayas. B. Malabar Coast. C. Indo-Gangetic Plain. D. Deccan Plateau.

C. Indo-Gangetic Plain.

Regarding the Indus Valley/Harappan Civilization's political system, A. although the archaeological record evidences coordinated planning across the region, experts are unable to determine precisely how the civilization was governed. B. sculptural evidence has provided definitive evidence for governing by priest-kings. C. experts have clearly established that it was governed by local assemblies of wealthy merchants and landowners. D. public structures excavated in the large cities clearly point to a centralized monarchy.

A. although the archaeological record evidences coordinated planning across the region, experts are unable to determine precisely how the civilization was governed.

The term Natufian Adaption refers to A. residents of West Asia who saw the benefits of sedentary living before the advent of agriculture. B. the gradual appearance of new animal species, including deer and horses, in Europe. C. the migration of Homo sapiens out of Africa some 45,000 years ago. D. the development of closely related hominid species in the grasslands of southern and eastern Africa.

A. residents of West Asia who saw the benefits of sedentary living before the advent of agriculture.

Islam began to impact the Indian subcontinent during A. the expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate during the late seventh and early eighth centuries CE. B. the decline of the Mauryan Empire. C. the founding of the Delhi Sultanate in the thirteenth century CE. D. the expansion of the Kushan Kingdom in the first century CE.

A. the expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate during the late seventh and early eighth centuries CE.

An important theme that emerges from the Ramayana and the Bhagavad-Gita is A. the virtuous nature of following one's dharma. B. the great wisdom of King Ashoka. C. the power of Indra to shape events on earth. D. the importance of the Buddhist principle of non-violence.

A. the virtuous nature of following one's dharma.

In early India, people belonged to the untouchable caste since A. their occupation was considered highly impure and others saw them as polluting. .B. their ancestors had lived outside urbanized areas as primitive hunter-gatherers. C. they worshiped Hindu deities residing in the netherworld. D. their ancestors had committed serious crimes.

A. their occupation was considered highly impure and others saw them as polluting.

One advantage of city-states in Mesopotamia was that A. urban centers were able to draw on the resources from their surrounding territories. B. the people in Mesopotamian city-states traced their history back to a single ancestor, meaning there was great cultural unity in the region. C. the city-states were able to prevent war and conflict in ancient Mesopotamia. D. the creation of city-states led to the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution.

A. urban centers were able to draw on the resources from their surrounding territories.

Which of the following was not a Legalist influence on Qin policies? A. Implementing measures to make groups of families accountable to one another. B. Construction of a giant underground mausoleum for the ruler, so that his power would extend into the spirit world. C. Implementing policies to concentrate power in the hands of the ruler. D. Efforts to regularize administration and to apply laws uniformly to the population.

B. Construction of a giant underground mausoleum for the ruler, so that his power would extend into the spirit world.

Which one of the following was not a legacy of the Qin Dynasty? A. Facilitation of commerce and communication through roadbuilding and the standardization of weights, measures, and the system of writing. B. Creation of a stable political and social order by adopting and promoting Confucianism. C. Establishment of a centralized bureaucracy that governed a hierarchical system of administrative units. D. Invention of a title used by the emperors of China throughout China's imperial history.

B. Creation of a stable political and social order by adopting and promoting Confucianism.

During India's early medieval period, the majority of the population belonged to which major religious tradition? A. Islam B. Hinduism C. Buddhism D. Daoism

B. Hinduism

Which group of hominids became stockier and more powerful in build in order to deal with the harsh glacial climate of the Pleistocene epoch? A. Homo erectus B. Homo neandarthalensis C. Homo habilis D. Homo sapiens

B. Homo neandarthalensis

Which one of the following was not a characteristic of the Varna system? A. It was hereditary. B. It gave the most honor to the vaishya farmers. C. It was largely defined by occupational category. D. It defined a social hierarchy.

B. It gave the most honor to the vaishya farmers.

Archaeological evidence from Dolni Vetoniçe shows that the early hominids living there used mammoth remains for all of the following except A. art. B. knives. C. jewelry. D. food.

B. Knives

Of the following, which is the oldest archaeological site in South Asia? A. Delhi B. Mohenjo-Daro C. Pataliputra D. Rajagriha

B. Mohenjo-Daro

Evidence of the first hominid colonization of Europe has been found near the modern day city of A. Paris. B. Rome. C. Moscow. D. Barcelona.

B. Rome.

How did warfare change during the Eastern Zhou and during the Warring States Period? A. To maintain the honor of ancestors, codes of chivalry were introduced. B. Rulers increasingly fielded large armies composed of cavalry and mass infantry. C. As the scale of warfare grew, rulers increasingly relied on kinsmen to conduct their campaigns. D. Over time, chariots became more important because large campaigns were conducted on plains.

B. Rulers increasingly fielded large armies composed of cavalry and mass infantry.

Which one of the following is not a geographical feature of the Indian subcontinent? A. Mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains line the peninsula. B. The plains located to the south of the Himalaya lack rivers. C. It is ringed by mountains to the north. D. The peninsula is surrounded by three major bodies of water, namely two seas and one ocean.

B. The plains located to the south of the Himalaya lack rivers.

The Old Kingdom is associated with A. a period when the Hyksos conquered Egypt, thus ending the Old Kingdom. B. a period when the pharaohs harnessed their immense influence to build pyramids. C. the Amarna Period when local governors, known as nomes, received more power. D. a period of Egyptian expansion when Egypt maintained a large standing army and expanded in all directions.

B. a period when the pharaohs harnessed their immense influence to build pyramids.

Evidence suggesting that Erlitou was more substantial than the center of a chiefdom, includes all of the following except A. workshops for the production of bronze and pottery. B. bronzes inscribed with the earliest form of Chinese characters. C. elite burials containing substantial artifacts. D. foundations for a walled palace complex.

B. bronzes inscribed with the earliest form of Chinese characters.

According to the teachings of the Buddha, A. because they are ritually purer, only the Brahmin priests can attain nirvana in this lifetime. B. life is fundamentally characterized by suffering, suffering is caused by a kind of unquenchable thirst, but there is a cure for this, and it is referred to as nirvana. C. a host of deities control the natural world and the good and bad that befalls the human race, but they can be appeased through rituals. D. because the individual's soul is infected with bad karma, it transmigrates until a program of meditation is undertaken and nirvana is achieved.

B. life is fundamentally characterized by suffering, suffering is caused by a kind of unquenchable thirst, but there is a cure for this, and it is referred to as nirvana.

During the seventh century CE, the most dominant state in East Asia was A. the Silla Dynasty. B. the Tang Dynasty. C. Manchuria. D. Japan.

B. the Tang Dynasty.

Widespread rice paddy agriculture in Japan began during A. the Mounded Tomb Period. B. the Yayoi Period. C. the Jōmon Period. D. the Three Kingdoms Period.

B. the Yayoi Period.

Shang rulers and elites believed that the principal factor determining whether or not future events would be favorable to them was A. maintaining military garrisons along the borders of their territorial state. B. the spirits of their deceased ancestors. C. correctly carrying out rituals to appease demons residing in the underworld. D. maintaining policies that benefited the agricultural producers.

B. the spirits of their deceased ancestors.

Which of the following is the correct chronological order? A. 1. Mammoth hunting supported larger homo habilis populations in Asia and the Americas. 2. Homo neanderthalensis disappeared. 3. Homo sapiens moved out of Africa. B. 1. Homo sapiens moved out of Africa. 2. Homo sapiens inhabited almost every environment on earth. 3. Various species of hominids first began to walk upright C. 1. Various species of hominids began to walk upright. 2. Homo habilis began to make stone tools. 3. Homo sapiens moved out of Africa. D. 1. Homo sapiens had a presence in every continent except Antarctica. 2. Homo habilis were the first hominids to make stone tools. 2. Homo neanderthalensis disappeared.

C. 1. Various species of hominids began to walk upright. 2. Homo habilis began to make stone tools. 3. Homo sapiens moved out of Africa.

Which of the following sites supports the possibility of colonization of the Americas by humans before the year 10,000 BCE? A. Monte Verde in Chile B. Meadowcraft near Pittsburgh C. All of these. D. Page-Ladson in Florida

C. All of these

The Epic of Gilgamesh suggests this about Mesopotamian views of the afterlife. A. Ancient Mesopotamians looked forward to the afterlife, when they expected to be happy and content. B. Ancient Mesopotamians believed that only people who were kind and lived virtuously had access to an afterlife. C. Ancient Mesopotamians expected the afterlife to be generally miserable for everyone. D. Ancient Mesopotamians thought that only kings had an afterlife while everyone else ceased to exist.

C. Ancient Mesopotamians expected the afterlife to be generally miserable for everyone.

Best remembered for defeating Goliath, this king of a unified Israel contributed to the Book of Psalms and began to build Jerusalem into the capital city of Israel. A. Solomon B. Saul C. David D. Josiah

C. David

Confucianism penetrated society during the Han Dynasty in all of the following ways except A. Models of filial piety were depicted in art and texts. B. Knowledge of classical texts and recommendations based on learnedness and virtuous conduct became important to political advancement. C. Establishment of a network of Confucian temples and monasteries with their own priesthoods. D. The authority of the family patriarch was supported by the law.

C. Establishment of a network of Confucian temples and monasteries with their own priesthoods.

Which one of the following is not a portrayal of Mahmud of Ghazna? A. He was a brutal plunderer who repeatedly descended on northern India, destroyed cities and temples, and returned home with their wealth. B. He was a ruler who was common to medieval kings in that time and waged war for revenue, which became the norm for rulers. C. He was a ruler who, out of fanatical devotion to his faith, sought to forcibly convert the Hindu population living in cities located along the upper reaches of the Indus and Ganges Rivers. D. He was ruler who sought to prove himself as a warrior and to secure his legacy by using Indian wealth to build palaces and mosques at his capital.

C. He was a ruler who, out of fanatical devotion to his faith, sought to forcibly convert the Hindu population living in cities located along the upper reaches of the Indus and Ganges Rivers.

Which religious tradition speculated that the individual should seek liberation by discovering their soul and its identity with Brahman? A. Islam B. Buddhism C. Hinduism D. Daoism

C. Hinduism

What is the difference between hominids and hominins? A. Hominins refers to the earliest humans, while hominids refers to a later group who are closer to modern humans. B. Hominins is an alternative spelling of hominids, and there is no difference in meaning. C. Hominids broadly refers to all Great Apes, including humans and their ancestors, while hominins refers more specifically to modern humans and their more recently extinct ancestors. D. Hominids refers to the Great Apes, while hominins refers to modern humans.

C. Hominids broadly refers to all Great Apes, including humans and their ancestors, while hominins refers more specifically to modern humans and their more recently extinct ancestors.

The earliest hominids to use stone tools were A. Homo neandarthalensis. B. Homo erectus. C. Homo habilis. D. Homo sapiens.

C. Homo habilis.

The archaeological site at Mehgarh is most useful for studying A. the origins of the Vedic Age. B. the writing system used by the peoples of the Harappan Civilization. C. India's early Neolithic history. D. the urbanization of the Indo-Gangetic Plains.

C. India's early Neolithic history.

The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were significant for ancient Mesopotamians for all of the following reasons except A. The rivers carried silt downstream, thus enriching the soil. B. The rivers facilitated trade. C. The rivers acted as a barrier that protected ancient Mesopotamians from foreign invasions. D. The rivers brought large amounts of freshwater to a region that otherwise received little or irregular rainfall.

C. The rivers acted as a barrier that protected ancient Mesopotamians from foreign invasions.

Which one of the following was not true of the status of women during the Song Dynasty? A. After marriage, they might be expected to manage the household and educate the children. B. Their marriages were almost always arranged. C. They were allowed to serve in minor offices in the government. D. Social norms and laws placed them in a subordinate position.

C. They were allowed to serve in minor offices in the government.

The early farmers of this region grew rye, barley, and wheat as their main crops. A. Arctic B. North America C. West Asia D. Australia

C. West Asia

The Gupta Empire can be considered as a classical age in India's history since A. Gupta rulers established dominance over the entire subcontinent through a model of tributary overlordship. B. India had not yet been impacted by the invasion of Islamic states. C. a number of important literary and artworks were produced that established a new standard for artistic excellence. D. having become widespread among the population, Mahayana Buddhism brought an unprecedented degree of stability to the empire.

C. a number of important literary and artworks were produced that established a new standard for artistic excellence.

Some historians describe the Indus Valley/Harappan Civilization as proto-historic since A. all of the written sources were destroyed during its decline and disappearance. B. although we have deciphered written sources for this civilization, their small number provides little additional information about it. C. although a system of writing existed, it hasn't been deciphered. D. although the civilization was highly urbanized and complex, there is no evidence that it had a system of writing.

C. although a system of writing existed, it hasn't been deciphered.

Historians have termed the pattern of governing in India during the early medieval age feudalism since A. medieval rulers granted manors to wealthy farmers in exchange for military service. B. Arab rulers originating from Persia invaded India and changed the pattern of Indian society through the introduction of the Islamic religion. C. although medieval rulers usually administered a core area with a centralized bureaucracy, they generally controlled the periphery by allowing subordinate local rulers to retain noble titles and land in exchange for allegiance. D. medieval rulers lived in castles located on manors.

C. although medieval rulers usually administered a core area with a centralized bureaucracy, they generally controlled the periphery by allowing subordinate local rulers to retain noble titles and land in exchange for allegiance.

The state of Magadha A. began as a republic located at the foothills of Nepal and is where Siddhartha Gautama lived. B. began as a confederacy located along the upper reaches of the Indus River with its capital at Taxila. C. began as a small kingdom located along the lower reaches of the Ganges River with Rajagriha as its first capital. D. began as a small kingdom located on the Deccan Plateau with Pataliputra as its first capital.

C. began as a small kingdom located along the lower reaches of the Ganges River with Rajagriha as its first capital.

The Sumerian King List shows that A. there was no conflict or war in ancient Mesopotamia. B. kings distanced themselves from priests and priestesses as kings considered their religious beliefs to be dangerous. C. only rulers who had established control over multiple city-states were considered kings. D. both men and women regularly served as kings.

C. only rulers who had established control over multiple city-states were considered kings.

Shinto A. is a religious tradition native to Korea. B. originated as a branch of Buddhism in China but then migrated to Japan, where it was assimilated into Japanese culture. C. originated in prehistoric Japan as reverence for deities and spirits primarily associated with natural phenomena. D. originated in China and is characterized primarily by ancestor worship.

C. originated in prehistoric Japan as reverence for deities and spirits primarily associated with natural phenomena.

The history of the Satavahana Kingdom reveals A. the initial stage in the impact of Islam and Islamic states on South Asia. B. the end of a period of regional states as India was once again unified under an empire. C. the increasing importance of the Deccan Plateau and territory further south for the history of large states on the subcontinent. D. the declining impact of Aryan civilization on the history of India.

C. the increasing importance of the Deccan Plateau and territory further south for the history of large states on the subcontinent.

Regarding the impact of the Yuan Dynasty on Chinese history, A. historians have concluded that it was almost completely positive. B. while earlier studies of this topic have generally highlighted the positive impact, more recent work has clearly demonstrated that Mongol conquest and exploitation had a devastating impact on China. C. while earlier studies of this topic have generally highlighted the destructive impact of the conquests, more recent work has demonstrated that in fact the dynasty also made positive contributions. D. historians have concluded that it was entirely negative.

C. while earlier studies of this topic have generally highlighted the destructive impact of the conquests, more recent work has demonstrated that in fact the dynasty also made positive contributions.

Which of the following was not true regarding the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in ancient Mesopotamia? A. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers both originated in the Taurus Mountains of eastern Anatolia. B. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers both flowed southward into the Persian Gulf. C. Ancient Mesopotamians used the rivers to trade since the rivers allowed them to bring many goods to their generally resource-poor region. D. Ancient Mesopotamians viewed the predictability of the rivers as a sign that the gods favored them.

D. Ancient Mesopotamians viewed the predictability of the rivers as a sign that the gods favored them.

In East Asia, which of the following was not true during the first millennium CE? A. Strong states developed in Korea and Japan. B. Buddhism spread into East Asia. C. China was the dominant power. D. China repeatedly invaded Korea and Japan.

D. China repeatedly invaded Korea and Japan.

Sargon of Akkad brought people in his empire together using all of the following methods except A. Legends emphasized his humble origins to highlight his ability to rise to greatness and rule the empire. B. He used public monuments to celebrate his military victories and build a sense of unity. C. He used his military to conquer surrounding city-states and build an empire. D. He created a state religion that recognized him as destined to rule because he was the son of god.

D. He created a state religion that recognized him as destined to rule because he was the son of god.

Which one of the following is not true of Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)? A. After obtaining enlightenment, he taught about what he had learned. B. He practiced meditation. C. He was born in northern India. D. He was born into the untouchable caste.

D. He was born into the untouchable caste.

The first to use fire was A. Homo sapiens. B. Homo astrolopithecus. C. Homo habilis. D. Homo erectus.

D. Homo erectus.

In early Korea, which of the following was not an important element that influenced political development? A. Martial traditions held by warrior elites. B. Korea's geographical location in relation to China and Japan. C. Buddhist notions of rulership, according to which rulers might style themselves as living Buddhas. D. Invasions by Japanese warrior elites.

D. Invasions by Japanese warrior elites.

Which of the following was not true of a person's caste in early India? A. Being a part of that caste might also mean that you hold certain beliefs and reside in a certain place. B. It impacted expectations about whom that person could marry. C. It impacted the kind of work a person would be expected to do. D. It had no impact on how a person, in a public setting, related to peoples of other castes.

D. It had no impact on how a person, in a public setting, related to peoples of other castes.

The most powerful state in northern India in early 4th century BCE was the A. Gupta Empire. B. Vedic Kingdom. C. Satavahana Kingdom. D. Kingdom of Magadha.

D. Kingdom of Magadha.

This state that was most significant for the spread of Buddhism into Central Asia. A. Chola Dynasty B. Gupta Empire C. Satavahana Kingdom D. Kushan Kingdom

D. Kushan Kingdom

The pharaohs and the Egyptian elites used the Valley of Kings as their preferred burial site during the A. First Intermediate Period. B. Middle Kingdom. C. Old Kingdom. D. New Kingdom.

D. New Kingdom.

Which of the following was not a teaching of Confucius? A. For a state to govern well, those who govern should themselves be moral exemplars. B. Humaneness and demonstrating good etiquette are two of the essential virtues of a gentleman. C. The root of morality can be found in the home, where young people should learn to be respectful and reverent towards parents. D. Only individuals from noble backgrounds have the conditions necessary to become noble men (persons of virtue).

D. Only individuals from noble backgrounds have the conditions necessary to become noble men (persons of virtue).

Which one of the following best describes the dominant political pattern during India's early medieval age? A. Large empires with centralized bureaucracies and sultanates. B. Republics formed from chieftain confederacies. C. Hindu rulers governing predominantly Muslim populations. D. Powerful regional kingdoms.

D. Powerful regional kingdoms.

Which of the following is not recognized as a legacy of civilization in ancient Mesopotamia? A. Ancient Mesopotamians introduced a computation system based on the number 60 that still influences geometry and how we calculate time. B. Ancient Mesopotamians created one of the first ever systems of writing. C. Ancient Mesopotamia was the site of some of the world's first empires. D. The Ancient Mesopotamians were the first people to bury their dead.

D. The Ancient Mesopotamians were the first people to bury their dead.

Which of the following statements was not true regarding Egyptian early writing systems? A. Literate people often used ostraca for informal notes and communications. B. Ancient Egyptians used the papyrus plant to make paper. C. Ancient Egyptians used three different scripts: hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic. D. The ancient Egyptians developed writing to make the building plans for pyramids.

D. The ancient Egyptians developed writing to make the building plans for pyramids.

Which of the following was not a difference between the Western Zhou and the Qin Dynasty? A. Qin governing was more centralized and impersonally bureaucratic. B. Their capitals were both located in northwest China near the middle reaches of the Yellow River. C. They both rose to power through warfare and conquest. D. The rulers of both the Western Zhou and the Qin dynasty referred to themselves with the same title.

D. The rulers of both the Western Zhou and the Qin dynasty referred to themselves with the same title.

During the Delhi Sultanate, A. Muslim and Turkic rulers eventually established rule over the entire subcontinent. B. Turkic sultans attempted to control the subjugated, largely Hindu population through programs of forcible conversion. C. Mahmud of Ghazna repeatedly invaded and plundered India. D. The sultans, following a principle outlined in the Quran, allowed Hindus to retain their faith and live within the Islamic state so long as they paid a higher tax.

D. The sultans, following a principle outlined in the Quran, allowed Hindus to retain their faith and live within the Islamic state so long as they paid a higher tax.

Which of the following is not an accurate description of life in Çatalhüyük? A. The population reached several thousand residents. B. The residents ate a varied diet. C. The dead were buried instead of being cremated. D. There was no concern with improving weapons, technology, or the arts.

D. There was no concern with improving weapons, technology, or the arts.

How did the earliest peoples migrate to Australia and New Zealand? A. They arrived by land. B. Australia and New Zealand were not colonized by humans until the nineteenth century. C. There is no conclusive archaeological evidence on how the migration took place. D. They arrived by sea.

D. They arrived by sea.

Which one of the following was not true of the Indo-Aryans? A. They were originally nomadic pastoralists who first migrated from Central Asia to India during the early Vedic Age. B. They had priestly clans that composed and orally transmitted hymns with a religious purpose. C. They spoke Sanskrit. D. They first came to India by traversing the lower reaches of the Ganges River.

D. They first came to India by traversing the lower reaches of the Ganges River.

The heartland of Samudragupta's empire was located A. along the Indus River. B. in the Punjab. C. on the Deccan Plateau. D. along the Ganges River.

D. along the Ganges River.

The Amarna Period is most notable for A. the Egyptian conquest of Nubia. B. the construction of a new capital at Thebes. C. the construction of huge pyramids. D. its state-sponsored monotheism.

D. its state-sponsored monotheism.

All of the following were associated with Kerma except A. agricultural surpluses. B. a cattle culture. C. well-developed mining, metal-working, and pottery. D. monotheism.

D. monotheism.

Based on linguistic and archaeological evidence, experts trace the early origins of the Indo-Aryans to A. farmers who migrated to India from Mesopotamia by crossing over the Hindu Kush Mountains. B. Indus Valley Civilization peoples who, during its collapse, had migrated away from it to the Indo-Gangetic Plains. C. seafarers who migrated to India from Southeast Asia. D. nomadic pastoralists who lived on the steppe lands of southern Russia.

D. nomadic pastoralists who lived on the steppe lands of southern Russia.

As a word, the term India first referred to A. all of South Asia. B. the modern nation of Pakistan. C. the modern nation of India. D. people living on lands beyond the Indus River.

D. people living on lands beyond the Indus River.