HIST-1302 Semester Exam Review
The Truman Doctrine:
1947 -President Truman's policy that stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
1955 protest action to end segregation on buses in Montgomery, Alabama
Operation Wetback:
A government program to roundup and deport as many as one million illegal Mexican migrant workers in the United States. The program was promoted in part by the Mexican government and reflected burgeoning concerns about non-European immigration to America.
According to President George W. Bush's message to the American people in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks, what would have kept terrorists from attacking the United States?
A love of freedom.
The "Iron Curtain":
A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region
Describe the People's Party ?
A political group which began to emerge in 1891. They gained much support from farmers who turned to them to fight political unfairness. They used a progressive platform. James B. Weaver ran as their presidential candidate in 1892. They had an impressive voter turnout. They were known as the Populist (People's) Party.
What did congressional Republicans denounce as a "government takeover" in March of 2010?
A sweeping health-care bill that required all Americans to purchase health insurance.
What was the Contract with America?
A ten-point document released by the Republican party during 1994 Congressional elections led by Congressman Newt Gingrich promising a smaller, more efficient government
Globalization
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.
Rodney King's:
After a few white police officers were acquitted during the trial for the beatings of Rodney King, riots began in LA causing the largest race riot of the 20th century
Which two New Deal programs did the Supreme Court rule unconstitutional?
Agricultural Adjustment Act and National Recovery Administration
According to Gunnar Myrdal, America's dilemma was a conflict between:
American Values and American racial policies
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
An agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico
Who in George H.W. Bush's administration disagreed strongly with the Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney about the future of national security after the Cold War?
Chairman of the joint Chiefs of staff Colin Powell
What was trueabout the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT:
Cold War military spending weakened the economy.
America's image abroad during the Cold War:
Could be a source of embarrassment for American diplomats seeking to win the loyalty of people in the non-white world
Bowers v. Hardwick
Court ruled that the constitution did not protect the practice of sodomy between homosexuals, and that the states could ban sodomy.
The Social Security Act of 1935:
Created Social Security System still in use today, which provides old age benefits for retirees, disability, and survivor benefits for spouses and children. Also created Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), which was the welfare system until 1996, and unemployment insurance.
The economic impact of undocumented immigrants in the United States:
appears to push down wages for those at the bottom of the economic ladder.
In their 1929 study, Middletown, Robert and Helen Lynd:
argued that leisure activities and consumption had replaced political involvement.
How did the federal government institutionalize racism during the New Deal?
The Federal Housing Administration refused to ensure mortgages in integrated neighborhoods
Countless corporate scandals and stock frauds stemmed directly from the 1999 repeal of which New Deal measure?
The Glass-Steagall Act.
Had the Teller Amendment been applied to the Philippines and Cuba, how would it have changed the Spanish-American war?
The United States would have never fought the Spanish navy at Manila
What inspiration did Martin Luther King Jr. gain from Mahatma Gandhi?
The idea of peaceful civil disobedience
What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970?
The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime.
Which of the following assessments of the civil rights movement is most accurate?
The movement came as a great surprise it was predicted by only a few
Why was the bitter political partisanship in Washington, D.C., in the 1990s so unexpected?
The new President Bill Clinton was moving clearly toward the political center
Why did the number of Americans receiving food stamps rise after 2008?
The number of needy Americans skyrocketed with the recession.
How did American racial attitudes shape South African politics?
The sense of shared purpose between the United States and the Union of South Africa led to a close military alliance aimed at the subjugation of sub-Saharan Africa.
Why did the African-American civil rights protesters who marched in June 1963 in more than 186 cities not try more deliberately to avoid arrest?
The very point of the protests was to illustrate the punitive nature of southern Jim Crow Laws.
Apart from the racial identity of victims, what typically triggered the lynch violence of southern white mobs?
The victim's alleged sexual conduct
Native-born middle-class women under the leadership of Carrie Chapman-Catt argued that they deserved the right to vote on account of:
Their status as an educated and superior race
What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings?
They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment.
Why did the Soviet Union strongly support the national independence movements in the new Third World?
They hoped to convince the new nations to ally themselves with the eastern bloc against european and american imperialists
How were federal troops used in the Pullman Strike of 1894?
To help suppress the strikers on behalf of the owners.
The New Deal will be remembered in American history:
as a set of public policy initiatives that did not result in sustained prosperity./ for recasting the idea of American freedom to include a public guarantee of economic security for ordinary people.
Plessy v. Ferguson:
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal (the "separate but equal" doctrine)
The Triangle Shirtwaist fire:
a March 1911 factory fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside the building because of locked exit doors; killing 146 workers; and led to new safety standard laws and establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers
During Freedom Summer:
a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi.
the automobile
a self-propelled passenger vehicle that is capable of moving on its own
The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor during the 1890s reflected:
a shift from broad reform goals to more limited goals.
Which of the following is the most accurate characterization of FDR's New Deal philosophy?
FDR preferred to create jobs that improved the nation's infrastructure.
How did the promise of freedom in the postwar years differ for black and white Americans?
For white Americans, freedom was a position to be defended; for African-Americans it was a goal to be achieved.
What were the student protesters who occupied Tiananmen Square in Beijing in June 1989 demanding?
Greater democracy
Why did FDR try to change the balance of power on the Supreme Court?
He feared the Supreme Court might invalidate the Wagner and Social Security acts.
Why was William Tweed so popular with the city's immigrant poor?
He had provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes.
What did President George W. Bush's frequent references to freedom and liberty in his second inaugural address indicate?
He wanted to restore support for the Iraq war with a focus on liberation, not terror.
Which of the following statements about Saddam Hussein turned out to be true?
He was a horrible tyrant who ruled Iraq ruthlessly.
How did the Soviet focus on social and economic rights in the Cold War human rights debate affect American attitudes?
In the climate of anticommunist hysteria, it prompted many Americans to condemn these rights as a first step to socialism.
In contrast to the American Federation of Labor, the Congress of Industrial Organizations fought for:
Industrial democracy
Why were Americans divided over the outbreak of the Great War?
Irish-Americans and Russian Jews resented Allied powers Great Britain and Russia, and some American reformers lobbied against the war in the name of social justice and peace.
Why did Goldman Sachs have to pay a fine of half a billion dollars in 2010?
It had knowingly sold toxic mortgage-based securities and then bet on their failure.
Which statement does NOT accurately describe the Communist Party of America in relation to the Great Depression?
It plotted revolution to overthrow the American capitalist government.
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about the 1965 Voting Rights Act? a. It was partly the result of the Selma to Montgomery civil rights march where participants were brutally assaulted by police. b. It upheld the right of county officials to oversee black voter registration in cases where provided for by local statute. c. It empowered federal officials to oversee voter registration. d. It was strongly endorsed by President Johnson
It upheld the right of county officials to oversee black voter registration in cases where provided for by local statute.
Why was the Glass-Steagall Act a key piece of legislation?
It was part of a broader set of regulations, known as the Banking Act of 1933, that moved to restore confidence in the banking system after thousands of bank failures in the first years of the Depression.
How did World War II affect the west coast of the United States?
Millions of Americans moved to California for jobs and military service.
Republican Barry Goldwater viewed as a threat to freedom:
New Deal welfare state
Which statement about the Japanese-American internment is FALSE?
Once the FBI did background checks on individuals they were free to leave the camps and return home
Which of the following statements correctly describes the outcome of the My Lai massacre
One person was found guilty in this killing of 350 civilians, but was released in 1974.
The Indian victory at Little Bighorn:
Only temporarily delayed the advancement of white settlement
The claims of conservative Tea Party activists in 2010 included:
President Obama was born in Africa, not the United States
What did Eleanor Roosevelt do of particular significance several years after the war ended?
She chaired the committee that drafted the United Nation's "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
By the end of 1991, Soviet attempts at economic reform had created chaos, and the:
Soviet Union dissolved, ending the Cold War.
What was Dollar Diplomacy:
characterizes the foreign policy of Theodore Roosevelt.. Using US money to control countries by lending them money
Black internationalism during World War II:
connected the plight of black Americans to that of people of color worldwide.
The Civil Service Act of 1883:
created a merit system for government workers that established the Civil Service Commission and marked the end of the spoils system
The first thing that Roosevelt attended to as president was the:
banking crisis
Industrial freedom in the Progressive era meant:
brought in its wake much-needed safety legislation. a. a rise in union activism. b. a loss of personal autonomy for skilled workers working under scientific management.
The impact of the Cold War on American culture was:
especially evident in the movies
By 1890, the majority of Americans worked?
for wages in city jobs
By 1912, the Socialist Party:
had elected scores of local officials
The 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon:
highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns.
During the Eisenhower administration, U.S.-Soviet relations:
improved somewhat after the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin.
Between 1901 and 1920, the United States intervened militarily numerous times in Caribbean countries:
in order to protect the economic interests of American banks and investors.
The impact of the Cold War on the civil rights movement:
included government action against black leaders.
In 1938, Congress established the House Un-American Activities Committee, which:
included liberals and unionists in its definition of "un-American."
Because of the 1965 changes in immigration laws, thirty-five years later the immigrant population in the United States:
increasingly came from Asia and Latin America
In foreign policy, Reagan:
initiated the largest military buildup in American history.
Progressive governor of Wisconsin, Robert La Follette, instituted all of the following reforms.
utilizing primary elections to select candidates, taxing corporate wealth, regulating railroads and utilities, and drawing on nonpartisan university faculty.
American expansionism after the 1890s:
was largely driven by the desire for expanded overseas trade.
Slumming meant:
whites going to Harlem's dance halls, jazz clubs, and speakeasies.
Describe the characteristics of the flapper:
young, emancipated woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Why was the lack of preparedness of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in the Hurricane Katrina disaster so damaging for the administration of George W. Bush?
photos of a grim-faced Bush looking out an Air Force One window but the PR gambit backfired. Many Americans saw the photo, which was widely disseminated, as evidence that Bush was too distant from the misery below. In a 2010 interview with NBC, Bush conceded that allowing the photo to be taken was a "huge mistake" because it made him seem "detached and uncaring."
The Farmer's Alliance hoped to improve American farmers' economic stress by:
proposing the creation of government-sponsored crop warehouses
During World War II, African-Americans:
served in large numbers in the U.S. armed forces and found employment in industrial jobs that had earlier been denied to them.
The status of blacks during World War II:
served in segregated units in the armed forces.
During the 1970s, evangelical Christians:
significantly increased in number, as they became more vocal.
Which of the following properly assesses the direction of the "Christian lobby" in the Gilded Age?
sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society.
All of the statements about Roosevelt's group of advisers known as the "Brain Trust" are true EXCEPT:
the "Brain Trust" believed that large corporations needed to be directed by the government.
What describes the textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1912?
"bread and Roses" strike The Lawrence Textile Strike was a strike of immigrant workers in. The strike lasted more than two months and which defied the assumptions of conservative trade unions within the American Federation of Labor that immigrant, largely female and ethnically divided it was successful; a year later, however, the union had largely collapsed and most of the gains achieved by the workers had disappeared.
The Great Depression shaped the lives of Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
the America suicide rate declined.
What was the result of Lawrence v. Texas?
the Bowers case was not correct when it was decided, is not correct today, resulting in the reversal of the decision
Assess the state of individual American financial savings by the end of the 1920s.
the majority American families had no savings whatsoever
Operation Dixie was:
the postwar Union campaign in the South.
The Teapot Dome scandal involved:
the secretary of the interior, who received money in exchange for leasing government oil reserves to private companies.
Jeannette Rankin, the first woman elected to Congress and believed?
to not support U.S. entry into World War I.
In 1949, Mao Zedong:
led a successful communist revolution in China
The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis:
made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept.
In the early twentieth century, the Socialist Party advocated for all of the following EXCEPT:
national health insurance
What were the major arguments of anti-imperialists against American expansionism?
past-connect people to Declaration of Independence and arguments about self-determination future-regards to implications of violating these principles