history 111 16

In 1883, __________ divided the nation into the four time zones still used today.

the major railroad companies

The theory of Social Darwinism argued that:

the theory of evolution applied to humans, thus explaining why some were rich and some were poor.

Bonanza farms:

typically had thousands of acres of land or more.

The Supreme Court in Lochner v. New York:

voided a state law establishing that bakers could work a maximum of sixty hours per week

Chief Joseph:

wanted freedom for his people, the Nez Percé.

The Greenback-Labor Party:

wanted the federal government to stop taking money out of circulation.

The Ghost Dance:

was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites.

The Knights of Labor:

was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms.

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877:

was evidence of worker solidarity and the close ties between industry and the Republican Party.

The Haymarket Affair:

was provoked by the 1886 bombing at a Chicago labor rally.

In the nineteenth century, pools, trusts, and mergers were:

ways that manufacturers sought to control the marketplace.

Elections during the Gilded Age:

were closely contested affairs.

Crédit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring:

were indicative of the corruption in the Grant administration.

The over 150 utopian and cataclysmic novels published during the last quarter of the nineteenth century:

were inspired by the growing fear of class warfare.

By 1890, the majority of Americans:

worked for wages.

Which event marked the end of the Indian wars?

Battle of Wounded Knee.

The massive hunting of what animal hurt the Plains Indians?

Buffalo.

All of the following individuals wrote about the subject of America's poor EXCEPT:

Charles Darwin.

After the Civil War, which of the following became a symbol of a life of freedom on the open range?

Cowboys.

What did William G. Sumner believe social classes owed each other?

Nothing at all.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the reasons for the tripling of railroad track miles in the United States between 1860 and 1890?

Private investment and massive grants of land and money by federal, state, and local governments spurred the building.

Which of the following properly assesses the direction of the "Christian lobby" in the Gilded Age?

The "Christian lobby" sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society.

Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is FALSE?

The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket.

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?

To civilize the Indians, making them "American" as whites defined the term.

The first billion-dollar enterprise corporation was:

U.S. Steel.

Which statement about labor and the law is FALSE?

Workers generally welcomed the Court's decisions on industry.

For workers, the second industrial revolution meant all of the following EXCEPT:

a decrease in child labor

Elk v. Wilkins (1884):

agreed with lower court rulings that the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to Indians.

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller:

built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets.

In the late nineteenth century, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of:

class warfare and the growing power of concentrated capital.

The Civil Service Act of 1883:

created a merit system for government workers.

The Social Gospel:

did not support aid to the poor.

The Dawes Act of 1887:

divided tribal lands into parcels of land for Indian families.

The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to:

ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.

The Grange was an organization that:

established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output.

In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis:

focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums.

One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was:

frequent and prolonged economic depressions.

The Plains Indians:

included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux.

Thomas Edison:

invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.

One of the reasons that the Great Strike of 1877 was important is that:

it underscored the tensions produced by the rapid industrialization of the time.

The American working class:

lived in desperate conditions.

All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:

low tariffs.

The economic development of the American West was based on:

lumber, mining industries, tourism, and farming.

Republican economic policies strongly favored:

northern industrialists.

The Indian victory at Little Bighorn:

only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.

Henry George rejected the traditional equation of liberty with:

ownership of land.

William M. Tweed was a(n):

political boss who, although corrupt, provided important services to New Yorkers.

The __________ made possible the second industrial revolution in America.

railroads

Henry George offered a(n) __________ as a solution for the problem of inequality in America.

single tax

The Dawes Act of 1887:

sought to break up the tribal system

During the second industrial revolution, the courts:

tended to favor the interests of industry over those of labor.

The second industrial revolution was marked by:

the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.

In "A Second Declaration of Independence," labor leader Ira Steward argued that the most pressing problem facing the nation was:

the growing gap between the rich and poor.