History 2-E3

The Dow Jones Industrial Average--which stood at 950 in 1981--reached _____ by the end of Reagan's second term.

2,239

Why was Douglas MacArthur removed from command?

He was publicly insubordinate to the Commander-in-Chief.

Which of the following instigated the First Gulf War, also known as Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm?

Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

What is the name of the University of Chicago economist who helped to develop the intellectual position of libertarian economics?

Milton Friedman

What initially sparked the 1973 energy crisis?

OPEC's embargo of oil exports to the United States in retaliation for American intervention in the Middle East

What was the primary rationale used to justify the Iraq War?

Saddam Hussein's alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction

Who first challenged segregation on buses?

Sarah Keys

How did racism influence the growth of the modern Republican Party?

Democrats took the lead in passing civil rights legislation, which pushed many white Americans towards the Republican Party.

Greece and Turkey were early flash points in the Cold War. How did the United States respond to unrest in Greece and Turkey in 1947?

The United States sent $400 million to both nations to be used in resisting communism.

What was the message of NSC-68?

a call for a tripling of the annual defense budget for the purpose of stopping communism

What was the "Nixon Doctrine"?

a military policy of détente

All of the following led to the economic development of the Sun Belt except __________.

a resurgence of southern agriculture

What was the name of the 1950s counterculture that rejected the values of conformity and domesticity?

beats

When was the Atlantic Charter issued?

before the United States entered World War II

The Kerner Commission explained urban riots ad the result of which of the following?

black frustration with the hopelessness of urban poverty

Which of the following phrases best describes "Reagan Democrats?"

blue-collar voters who lost faith in the liberal creed

How did President Eisenhower attempt to prevent a Soviet Attack on the United States?

by promising "massive retaliation" and appealing to the logic of "mutually-assured destruction"

The Religious Rights built a powerful coalition that united conservative evangelicals with what other influential voting groups?

conservative Catholics

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 accomplish?

created a Civil Rights Commission in the Department of Justice to investigate claims of racial discrimination

Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique focused on what primary issue?

feelings of dissatisfaction with life as a housewife

Which of the following industries experienced the most economic growth under Reagan?

financial services

Which of the following best describes the marketing techniques early television executives?

finding programming that would appeal to the widest possible audience

How did Reagan's first budget immediately impact the national debt?

it increased dramatically

Which of the following advantages did the Soviet Union achieve during the Cold War?

launched the first orbiting satellite created the first intercontinental ballistic missile sending the first human into orbit

All of the following distinguished millennials from early generations except ____________.

less likely to have traveled

Congressional opposition from which faction plagued Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration?

liberal Democrats conservative Republicans

Which of the following best describes global economic trends in the early 1990s?

liberalized economic laws and rising international investment

Joseph McCarthy first achieved national prominence in February 1950 by waving a piece of paper that he claimed 205 communist currently working in what capacity?

members of the Department of State

In the mid-1960s, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) experienced a transformation. This transformation included all of the following except ______________.

merging with the Black Panther Party

How did American liberals change their views of poverty during the 1960s?

more and more saw poverty from the failure of individuals to take full advantage of the American system

Which of the following best describes the ruling of Citizens United v. FEC?

no limits could be placed on political spending by corporations, unions, and nonprofits

In 2012, nearly ________ of all Americans were immigrants or the sons or daughters of immigrants.

one fourth

How did the United States respond to the independence movement in Vietnam?

opposed Vietnamese independence and supported French attempts to retain colonial control

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 focused on what primary issue?

outlawing discrimination in housing

What was the result of Brown v. Board of Education?

ruled against segregated public schools , overturned the legal logic of Plessy v. Ferguson , extended the reach of the Fourteenth Amendment

George H. W. Bush defeated Michael Dukakis by doing all of the following except _________.

updating New Deal programs for a new era

The presidential election of 1984 convinced the Democratic Party that its future lied with what group?

upwardly mobile professionals and suburbanites

How did Jimmy Carter respond to the economic crises of the late 1970s?

using approaches championed by conservatives including deregulation, spending cuts, and tax cuts

The cornerstone of Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty was which program?

Community Action

Who first advocated the policy of containment?

George Kennan

Which leader of the Soviet Union advocated the projects of glasnost and perestroika?

Gorbachev

What did Lyndon Johnson call his domestic program?

Great Society

President Johnson proposed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 partially in response to what event in Selma, Alabama?

"Bloody Sunday," the beating of peaceful marchers by police officers

Thirty-seven year old white engineer, Bernard Goetz, shot and seriously wounded four black teenagers on a subway car because he suspected the young men--armed with screwdrivers--planned to rob him. What percentage of white New Yorkers sympathized with Goetz?

90%

What was the first military action taken by the United States against international communism?

American soldiers fought against the Red Army during the Russian civil war.

Which of the following most accurately describes religious commitment during the early Cold War years?

Americans attended church at higher rates than in any time in American history. The Pledge of Allegiance was modified in 1954. Anti-Catholicism and Anti-Semitism declined in the United States.

What groups experienced the increased fertility rates associated with the baby boom?

Americans from all racial, social, and class lines

All of the following events related to Korean War are true except

An armistice was never officially signed.

The Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) mimicked policy proposals by all of the following politicians except ________________.

Bill Clinton

What was the primary political issue that Carter used in his presidential campaign?

Carter's campaign focused less on issues than on his background as a hardworking, honest Southern Baptist southerner

What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Castro's invitation to the Soviet Union to install missiles , retaliation for the American nuclear arsenal housed in Turkey , hostile relations between the United States and Cuba

The 1968 Democratic National Convention included massive protests and violent reprisals by police. Where did this convention meet?

Chicago

Why was the "loss" of China to communism so upsetting to Americans?

China was the most populous country in the world. It came just after a successful Soviet atomic bomb test. Mao overthrew a western-backed government.

What was the relationship between the federal government and the economic growth in the aftermath of World War II?

Federal spending created more economic growth.

Which of the following right wing think tanks were created in the first decade following World War II?

Foundation for Economic Education Mont Pelerin Society

Who was the leader of the movement to stop the Equal Rights Amendment?

Phylis Schlafly

Which of the following nations were not part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

Sweden

Why did the United States fail to help more of the decolonization independence movements during the 1940s-1970s?

The Cold War alliance with Western Europe led the United States to support many colonial powers.

What happened at My Lai?

U.S. troops massacred hundreds of civilians.

Why was Emmett Till murdered?

allegedly whistling at a white woman

All of the following occurred during the Clinton administration except _______________.

allowing openly gay men and women to serve in the military

How did the first freedom ride end?

angry mobs composed of KKK members attacked the riders in Birmingham, Alabama and burned one of the buses and beat the activists who escaped

The Stonewall incident that catalyzed the gay rights movement occurred when ________.

bar patrons in New York City protested a police raid

How did Ronald Reagan win over the Religious Right?

denouncing abortion and advocating prayer in schools

The churches most common in suburban America tended most frequently celebrated which of the following cultural values?

economic individualism

The National Indian Youth Council differed from the National Congress of American Indians because the NIYC __________.

employed direct action tactics and more combative rhetoric

What was the subject of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring?

environmental dangers of pesticides

What was the primary guiding principle of Carter's foreign policy during his early years in office?

human rights

All of the following aspects of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 are true except ___________.

increased federal revenues

Which of the following took place in the 1990s, representing a new trend in immigration?

increased immigration to the American South

Which of the following enabled the rising purchase of consumer goods?

increased production that lowered prices, use of installment plans, mass-distribution of credit cards

Advertisers in the 1960s innovated by beginning to emphasize which of the following traits as a means of selling products?

rebellion and individuality

What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?

rebuild Western Europe create new markets for American goods generate support for capitalist democracies

What was the intention of the War Powers Resolution?

reduce the president's ability to wage war without congressional consent

According to economists at JP Morgan Chase was the greatest factor in the unprecedented profit margins of the early 2000s?

reductions in wages and benefits

How did federal housing programs discriminate against Americans of color?

relining neighborhoods that included Americans of color ,claiming that American of color were at a greater risk of defaulting on FHA loans , creating self-fulfilling prophecies that racially integrated neighborhoods would have depreciating home values

Why did President Clinton fail to secure universal healthcare?

resistance from conservatives , attack ads funded by the healthcare industry , hesitancy among Democrats in Congress

Roe v. Wade, the court case that legalized abortion hinged on what legal idea?

right of privacy

Which group first promoted the idea that drug use could remedy feelings of alienation?

scientists

All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution except ____________.

served as justification for the assassination of Ngo Diem

Who organized the first sit-ins?

students

The Albany Movement, centered in Albany, Georgia, drew on Christian commitments to social justice and united all of the following Civil Rights groups except ____________.

the Southern Baptist Convention

The 2000 presidential election was decided when _____________.

the Supreme Court ruled that the automatic recount had to cease immediately

Which of the following best describes the "Reagan Doctrine?"

the United States committed to supplying aid to anti-communist forces everywhere in the world

Which of the following best describes the so-called Bush Doctrine?

the United States should act unilaterally and preemptively to fight terrorism

Why was the federal government slow to respond to the AIDS crisis?

the disease disproportionately affected gay Americans, a marginalized group

The wave of politicians, called New Democrats, advocated all of the following except ______________.

the end of mass incarceration

Which of the following statements regarding the Iran Contra Affair are true?

the goal was to raise money to support the anti-Sandinista government in Nicaragua

Who were the "Brass Hats?"

the leadership of the National Association of Manufacturers who created advertising campaigns supporting free enterprise

Which of the following resulted from American commitments to free trade?

the relocation of American manufacturing overseas