History ch 4 (4-5)

assassination

-murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons -Assassination is to murder a public, or political, figure such as King Philip II.

Logic

-rational thinking - Philosophers used logic, rational thinking, while exploring many topics in Ancient Greece.

Philosopher

-someone who seeks to understand and explain life; a person who studies philosophy - Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were some of the most well known philosopher in Ancient Greece; people who study the meaning of life.

Herodotus

-the ancient Greek known as the father of history -Herodotus is considered the father of history because he would go around collecting information to write stories about important events from the past.

Parthenon

-the chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece -The Parthenon was a temple dedicated to Athen that had columns and was built on the Acropolis on Athens, Greece.

Plato

-(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection. -Plato, a philosopher born in 430 BC, was a student of Socrates who emphasized reason.

Aristotle

-A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato -Aristotle, a student of Plato, taught Alexander the Great

Socrates

-Athenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior. -Socrates is one of the most well-known Greek philosophers because his beliefs, however most of what we know fro Socrates comes from the philosopher Plato.

Hippocrates

-Father of medicine -in 400 B.C., Hippocrates created the Hippocrates oath and worked on studying illnesses and their cures.

Pythagoras

-Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem -Pythagoras created a math formula on a relationship of a right triangle.

Aristarchus

-Greek scientist who first stated that the Earth revolved around the Sun, and rotated on its axis. -Aristarchus had a heliocentric idea that the Earth orbited the sun and rotated on an axis.

Sophists

-Greek teachers of philosophy, reasoning, and public speaking -Sophists were Greek teachers who taught many philosophy-related subjects.

Alexander the Great

-King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia -After his father was assassinated, Alexander came to power at the age of 20 and was known for conquering ares in Greece, Egypt, and Persia.

Philip II

-Macedonian king who sought to unite Greece under his banner until his death or murder. He was succeeded by his son Alexander. -Philip II, the father of Alexander the Great, gained the throne in 359 BC and wanted to expand his territory.

Hellenization

-Spread of Greek culture -Hellenization, which began during the time of Alexander the Great, is the spread of Greek culture.

Stoicism

-a philosophy that preached moral standards -Stoicism, founded by Zeno, taught people to accept what live gave and that everyone is morally equal.

Assimilate

-absorb or adopt another culture -While the land Alexander the Great conquered began to fade apart after his death, they still assimilated and adopted parts of Greek culture.

Alexandria, Egypt

-an ancient Hellenistic city in Egypt -Alexander the Great named many cities after himself, however the most famous one is Alexandria in Egypt.

Thucydides

-ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC) -Thucydides, born in 460 BC, was a Greek Historían who wrote about the Peloponnesian War.

Rhetoric

-art of skillful speaking -Rhetoric as a skill developed in Ancient Greece of skillful speaking by using clever and persuading words.

Zeno

-founder of Stoicism -Zeno founded Stoicism and influenced many people with his ideas and high moral standards.

Tragedy

-in ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster - Tragedies were a play about human suffering or a form of drama in Ancient Greece.

Comedy

-in ancient Greece, play that mocked people or social customs -In Ancient Greece, a comedy was a play that people and their ideas in an attempt to make people laugh.

Darius III

-king of Persia who was defeated by Alexander the Great - Darius III was the King of Persia during the time that Persia was defeated by Alexander the Great.

Archimdedes

-most famous Hellenistic scientist -Archimedes used physics to create practical inventions.