History Exam #1

In the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, American workers

All these answers are correct. were forced to contend with dangerous working conditions. were compelled to work long hours. experienced a loss in their control over their own work.

Who were the Exodusters?

Black migrants from the South who sought a new life in the West.

This strike was atypical (unusual) because it was successful.

Cripple Creek

The Spanish-American War began primarily because of events in

Cuba

Which statement is true about the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?

Founded in 1866 in Tennessee, the KKK was a terrorist organization that attacked black and white Republicans during Reconstruction.

Where did the U.S.S. Maine sink?

Havana

The preeminent finane capitalist of the late 19th century was

J. P. Morgan

Who among the following began to develop an oil empire by taking control of competing oil companies in Ohio?

John D. Rockefeller

The term "muckrakers" referred to

Journalist

The belief that the US had a "God-given" rigtht (and responsibility) to aggressively spread the values of white civilization and expand the nation from ocean to ocean is called ___________ _________. [two words]

Manifest Destiny

Which of these was the highest tariff in the nation's history and caused intense protest?

McKinley Tariff

Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour were entrepreneurs in what industry?

Meatpacking

The Jungle, written by Upton Sinclair, exposed which industry to public scrutiny?

Meatpacking

Within the Republican Party, which of the following groups supported civil service reform?

Mugwumps

William Jennings Bryan was the presidential candidate for which of the following groups?

Populist and Democrat

This political and social group promoted agricultural education and believed farmers should adopt modern scientific methods of cultivation.

Populists

Southern Democrats who seized political control of the South after the end of Reconstruction called themselves _____.

Redeemers

The Compromise of 1877 allowed _______ to become president of the United States.

Rutherford B. Hayes

The Comstock Lode primarily produced

Silver

During the Money Debate, this group argued that using gold alone for currency hindered economic growth.

Silverites

The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of

Social Work

In what industry did the Homestead strike of 1892 occur?

Steel

What product ultimately led the United States in part to annex the Hawaiian islands in the late 1890s?

Sugar

What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay regarding China?

The Open Door policy

Which statement about the Spanish-American War is true?

The war lasted only four months and resulted in fewer than 400 U.S. battle casualties.

Who was the future American president who made a national name for himself by charging up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders?

Theodore Roosevelt

Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, was the policy of

William Taft

The "subtreasury plan" was

a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.

Which of the following was a reason for America's imperial expansion?

a quest on the part of business for new markets and natural resources

Which of the following could be considered keys to America's industrial success?

abundance of natual resources growing labor supply expanding domestic market technological innovation all of these

As an environmental conservationist, President Theodore Roosevelt

added extensive areas of land to the national forest system.

The Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

argued that segregated facilities did not discriminate.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.

Why did Populists call for public ownership of the railroads?

because farmers would be able to transport their crops at a lower cost

The Knights of Labor

began as a secret fraternal organization.

Supporters of the Anti-Imperialist League

believed that American energies should focus on domestic issues.

In 1894, Jacob Coxey and his supporters

called for a public works program for the unemployed.

In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Booker T. Washington

called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.

The Pullman strike of 1894 began when George Pullman, owner of the company,

cut wages by twenty-five percent due to a slumping economy.

At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement

directed their attention to improving urban living conditions.

Which of the following was a grievance of the Farmers' Alliance and the Populists?

excessive power of the banks and railroads

The policy idea behind "Dollar Diplomacy" was to

extend investments and influence of the United States in less-developed regions.

Prior to its annexation by the United States in 1898, Hawaii

had witnessed a revolution staged by American planters.

To get around the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, businessmen created

holding companies.

Jim Crow laws

imposed a system of state-supported segregation.

White farmers in the late nineteenth-century South

included many sharecroppers involved in the crop-lien system.

According to Alfred T. Mahan, the United States needed to do what in order to prosper?

increase the size of its navy

The crop-lien system

kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

In 1900, regarding work conditions in American factories,

laborers could expect to work at least ten hours a day, six days a week.

The belief that the government should not interfere in commercial/economic affairs is called

laissez-faire.

In the late 19th century, "range wars" in the West were often between

large cattle ranchers opposed by small holders and farmers.

During the 1840s, Hispanics living in California

lost ownership of large areas of lands.

Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle, encouraged the federal government to regulate the

meatpacking industry.

The Redeemers were formed by a coalition of

merchants, planters, and business entrepreneurs. Answers:

In the 1840s and 1850s, in the Far West, the response by white Americans to the Chinese

moved from initial acceptance to gradual hostility.

Advocates of the "New South"

promoted southern industry and economic development.

Disfranchisement of black men (and many poor whites) was accomplished by the implementation of

property taxes. literacy tests. poll taxes. all of these answers are correct

Which institution was hardest hit by the Redeemers when they assumed power in the South?

public schools

In the 1890s, Jacob Riis

reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.

The Haymarket Square riot of 1886

resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists.

Mining in the West

saw individual prospectors move in first, followed by corporations.

In the late nineteenth century, industry in the United States

saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth.

One example of corruption in Gilded Age politics centered around the election of US Senators. Because these office holders were selected by _______________ powerful business interests found ways to influence the selection.

state legislators

The 1904 "Roosevelt Corollary"

stated that the U.S. had a right to intervene in the affairs of neighboring countries.

Newspapers like the New York Journal and the New York World used sensational accounts to sell more copies. These types of papers were known as

the "yellow press"

The "splendid little war" of 1898 was

the Spanish-American War.

In 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota,

the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred up to 200 Indians.

In 1890, at Wounded Knee, South Dakota,

the US Seventh Cavalry massacred two hundred Indians.

What war lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished? Selected Answer:

the phillipine War

During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by

the realization that great ventures could not be financed by any single person. "limited liability" laws. sales of company stock to the public. All these answers are correct.

According to the ideas expressed by Andrew Carnegie in his The Gospel of Wealth,

the rich had great responsibilities to society.

Gilded Age presidents had to grapple with corruption and party strife. One difficult battle was over patronage, also known as

the spoils system

Apart from the racial identity of victims, what typically triggered the lynch violence of southern white mobs?

the victim's alleged sexual conduct

In the late nineteenth century, Social Darwinists argued that people who failed economically in the United States did so because

they were not fit enough to survive in the market.

The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad in part because

they worked for lower wages than whites would accept.

The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of

vertical integration.

What did Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Institute emphasize?

vocational job education

In 1890, the "Ghost Dance"

was a spiritual revival among Plains Indians.

The Philippine War

was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War.

The great railroad strike of 1877

was launched in response to a wage cut.

Sharecropping

was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor, because they were less subject to supervision.

The election of 1876

was tainted by claims of fraud in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.

The theory of Social Darwinism

was used to justify the social consequences of industrial capitalism.

After Reconstruction, political power under southern "Redeemers"

was very often restricted and conservative.

According to The Jungle, sick cattle

were butchered for meat just like the rest.