History Exam 1
Many women saw the opportunity to insert their issues into the reforming nation. Their immediate main concerns were all of the following except -more job opportunities for women. -the right to vote. -liberalizing divorce laws. -outlawing the sale and manufacture of liquor
outlawing the sale and manufacture of liquor.
The Burlingame Treaty reaffirmed China's national sovereignty, and -sought to establish military outposts along China's borders. -provided reciprocal protection for religious freedom and against discrimination for citizens of each country emigrating or visiting the other. -requested Christian missionaries be sent to the area. -aided in supplying weaponry against their joint enemy, Japan.
provided reciprocal protection for religious freedom and against discrimination for citizens of each country emigrating or visiting the other.
Before the Civil War, American citizenship had been closely linked to -religion. -class. -monetary wealth. -race.
race.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools for the purpose of -educating government "missionaries" to Christianize tribes in an effort to aid in cohabitation with the new "white" settlers. -educating Indian children about their culture and heritage. -teaching adult Indians the "white" language in hopes that a business foundation could be made. -removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."
removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."
During the 1880s, the South as a regional whole -flourished, as industrial expansion and agricultural diversification made the "New South" the richest region in the country. -sank deeper and deeper into poverty. -built thousands of new public schools, hundreds of hospitals, and scores of new factories -grew industrially, leaving their cotton production to new immigrants.
sank deeper and deeper into poverty
Following the Civil War, white and black farmers in the South -saw a leveling off of the price of cotton to prewar levels. -experienced rapidly rising prices. -experienced extremely high prices for cotton. -saw the price of cotton fall steadily.
saw the price of cotton fall steadily.
In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune? -steamboats -mercantile -steel -oil
steel
What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay with regard to China? -the Open Door policy -the Hay Corollary -the Monroe Doctrine -the Chinese Exclusion Act
the Open Door policy
What war lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished? -the Cuban-Filipino Conflict -the Spanish-American War -the Philippine War -the Pacific-American War
the Philippine War
The "splendid little war" of 1898 was -the Spanish-American War. -the Philippine War. -the Mexican-American War. -the Great War.
the Spanish-American War
Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that -the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race. -sought the repatriation of expatriate fugitives. -the government should minimize its involvement in the economy and allow laissez-faire to flourish. -allied themselves with the president in an effort to bring about "freedom and justice for all."
the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.
The spirit of innovation contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s? -handheld camera -typewriter -telephone -the airplane
the airplane
In February 1898, what ship exploded in Havana Harbor with a loss of nearly 270 lives? -the battleship Alabama -the battleship McKinley -the battleship Arizona -the battleship Maine
the battleship Maine
Elk v. Wilkins (1884) stated that -only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce. -a state board was to be established to eliminate railroad rate discrimination. -the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to American Indians. -"greenback" money was to be taken out of circulation.
the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to American Indians.
in 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was -about equally distributed. -far below that of other industrialized nations. -unknown, as data on wealth was not then collected. -the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent.
the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent.
Causes of the "new immigration" included all of the following except -the outbreak of World War I in Europe. -tightened immigration laws in the United States. -the decline of traditional agriculture. -industrial expansion in the United States.
tightened immigration laws in the United States.
After 1870, a "new imperialism" arose, dominated by European powers and Japan. true false
true
After emancipation, many freedwomen elected to withdraw from work in the fields and focus their energies at home. true false
true
By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget true false
true
Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens argued that disloyal planters' land should be confiscated and redistributed among former slaves. true false
true
Compared to the United States and the American Indians, Australia's handling of the Aboriginal people was harsher. true false
true
Directly or indirectly, J. P. Morgan controlled 40 percent of the financial and industrial capital in the United States in the opening years of the twentieth century. true false
true
During Reconstruction, a number of state governments initiated civil rights legislation that made it illegal for railroads, hotels, and other institutions to discriminate on the basis of race. true false
true
During the Progressive era, the Imperial Valley of California was transformed by irrigation and became a major area of commercial farming. true false
true
In 1903, when Panama declared its independence from Colombia, the United States stationed a gunboat off the Panamanian coast, preventing the Colombian army from taking back the area. true false
true
In setting out to destroy the Indian economy and way of life, Civil War veterans almost decimated the buffalo population. true false
true
In the late nineteenth century, black women were largely excluded from jobs as secretaries, typists, and department store clerks. true false
true
Mabel Dodge's New York living room was the location of a famed "salon" in which bohemian intellectuals gathered to discuss issues of sexual liberation, modern trends in art, and labor unrest. true false
true
On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 American Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota. true false
true
One consequence of the bitter attacks on African-Americans' political rights across the South was that, by 1940, 97 percent of adult black southerners were not registered to vote. true false
true
One result of Muller v. Oregon was that women were still considered weak, dependent, and incapable of enjoying the same economic rights as men. true false
true
Opposition to Reconstruction resulted from the distaste many southerners had for tax increases that were needed to fund public schools and other improvements, and also because many white southerners could not accept black Americans voting, holding office, and enjoying equality before the law. true false
true
Southern Democrats persistently raised the threat of "Negro domination" (a process often referred to as demagoguery) to justify denying blacks the right to vote. true false
true
The 1905 Niagara movement derived its name from the fact that a group of black leaders met at Niagara Falls, Canada, since no hotel on the American side would accommodate them. true false
true
The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing office-holding from the hands of political machines. true false
true
The Platt Amendment authorized the United States to intervene militarily whenever it saw fit. true false
true
The country was plunged into an economic depression in 1873, and support among Republicans for further reforms in the South weakened. true false
true
The first national labor walkout occurred in 1877 and was the Great Railroad Strike. true false
true
The obligation to devote oneself to parents, husband, and children was what Jane Addams called the "family claim." true false
true
The organization that united writers and social reformers who felt American energies should be directed at home rather than acquiring land around the globe was called the Anti-Imperialist League. true false
true
There were cases of freed slaves returning to the land they had previously worked demanding that they were "joint heirs" of the estate. true false
true
by 1890, the vast majority of the remaining Indian population had been removed to reservations scattered across the western states. true false
true
Which of the following was not a leading strategy of the Populists? -using vigilante tactics to intimidate farmers who failed to join the cause -creating cooperative enterprises through which to distribute their crops on more reasonable terms -declaring political independence from the two major political parties -holding public events to give their followers a sense of power and community
using vigilante tactics to intimidate farmers who failed to join the cause
Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction -were often put on trains and sent out West. -were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine. -were convicted and sentenced to execution. -were often put on trains and sent to northern cities.
were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine.
Between 1901 and 1914, -the country experienced more people leaving the United States than entering. -3 million immigrants came to the United States. -17 million Asian immigrants arrived on America's shores. -13 million immigrants came to the United States.
13 million immigrants came to the United States.
Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States? -1870 -1880 -1860 -1900
1880
While the total number of lynchings is difficult to determine during this time period, from 1880 to the mid-twentieth century, the confirmed number of people lynched reached nearly -500. -2,000. -4,000. -1,000.
4,000
What was the name of the naval officer and his 1890 book that argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating overseas bases? -J. M. Price, Seapower Comes of Age -Theodore Roosevelt, The History of the United States Navy -Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History -Josiah Strong, Our Country
Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights? -Booker T. Washington -W. E. B. Du Bois -Samuel Armstrong -Frederick Douglass
Booker T. Washington
The immigrants facing the harshest reception in late-nineteenth-century America were those arriving from -the Caribbean. -China. -eastern Europe. -Scandinavia.
China
The point at which most European immigrants passed into the United States was -New Orleans, Louisiana. -Angel Island in San Francisco Bay, California. -El Paso, Texas. -Ellis Island, New York.
Ellis Island, New York.
The Progressive-era economic system based on mass production and mass consumption came to be called -the Workingman's Conception of Industrial Liberty. -the American way. -Fordism. -the affluent society.
Fordism.
Which of the following is not attributed to Eugene V. Debs? -He was jailed during the Pullman Strike of 1894. -He bridged the cultural divide between many people, including New York Jews and native-born intellectuals to the socialist ideal. -He ran an unsuccessful attempt for the position of President of the United States. -He disliked the idea of the socialist gospel as it promoted equality, self-government, and freedom.
He disliked the idea of the socialist gospel as it promoted equality, self-government, and freedom.
What was the name of the organization that sponsored the 1914 debate at New York City's Cooper Union on the question "What is feminism?", and whose definition of feminism emphasized women's emancipation "both as a human being and a sex-being"? -Heterodoxy -the Lyrical Left -the Woman's Christian Temperance Organization -the Feminist Alliance
Heterodoxy
The author of How the Other Half Lives (1890) was -Matthew Smith. -Edith Wharton. -Jacob Riis. -Alexander T. Stewart.
Jacob Riis.
Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to -California. -Kansas. -Massachusetts. -South Carolina.
Kansas.
The new agricultural empire producing wheat and corn for national and international markets arose on the -Ohio River Valley. -Middle Border. -plains of the Old South. -delta region of Louisiana.
Middle Border.
When faced with the possible elimination of their unions and a reduction in their wages, 10,000 black and white dockworkers held a strike in 1907 in -New York City. -Charlotte. -New Orleans. -Baltimore.
New Orleans.
The phrase "forty acres and a mule" is derived from -Lincoln's "10% Plan." -the Wade-Davis Bill. -Sherman's Field Order 15. -the Emancipation Proclamation.
Sherman's Field Order 15.
Ida Tarbell tirelessly worked to expose -Standard Oil Company. -the Interstate Commerce Commission. -the meatpacking industry. -the textile and garment industry.
Standard Oil Company.
The poem by Emma Lazarus including "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" is located on which American landmark? -Lincoln Memorial -Liberty Bell -Statue of Liberty -Washington Monument
Statue of Liberty
In this Supreme Court ruling, San Francisco was ordered to admit Chinese students to public schools. -Tape v. Hurley -Yick Wo v. Hopkins -Fong Yue Ting -Civil Rights Cases
Tape v. Hurley
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? -Tenure of Office Act; impeachment of Johnson; election of Grant -Bargain of 1877; election of Grant; ratification of Fifteenth Amendment - Slaughterhouse Cases; passage by Congress of Fourteenth Amendment; Reconstruction Act -assassination of Lincoln; passage by Congress of Fourteenth Amendment; passage of southern Black Codes
Tenure of Office Act; impeachment of Johnson; election of Grant
The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson for violation of what law? -The Fourteenth Amendment -The Tenure of Office Act -The Civil Rights Act -The Reconstruction Act
The Tenure of Office Act
Who was the future American president who made a national name for himself by charging up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders? -Theodore Roosevelt -William McKinley -Woodrow Wilson -William Howard Taft
Theodore Roosevelt
A significant amount of Mexican-era landholdings were made available for sale because United States courts only recognized land titles to individual plots of land. true False
True
The worst race riot in American history occurred in 1921, when more than 300 blacks were killed and over 10,000 were left homeless after white mobs burned an all-black section of which city to the ground? -East St. Louis, Illinois -Tulsa, Oklahoma -Phillips County, Arkansas -Akron, Ohio
Tulsa, Oklahoma
The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was -James A. Garfield. -Schuyler Colfax. -Charles Dudley Warner. -William M. Tweed.
William M. Tweed.
In her influential book, Woman and Economics, Charlotte Perkins Gilman reinforced this idea. -Woman's freedom lay through the workplace. -Women should not feel as if their life was that of domestic drudgery as the noblest occupation was that of wife and mother. -Women were better suited to administer duties in the home rather than the workplace. -Women should work outside the home until they are married, at which time they should focus their skills on that of the home and family.
Woman's freedom lay through the workplace.
Which of the following was not a major cause of the decline of Reconstruction? - the use of fraud and terror to prevent blacks from voting or running for office -a deepening of mutual respect between black and white southerners, making Reconstruction seem no longer necessary - a growing weariness in the North with the sectional issue and the burdens of enforcing Reconstruction - a growing perception among northerners that southern blacks were unfit for equal citizenship
a deepening of mutual respect between black and white southerners, making Reconstruction seem no longer necessary
In the era from 1870 to 1890, the label "the Gilded Age" originally derived from -workers who felt they were trapped in gilded cages and desired to be free. -the many groups of workers who united against the social and political injustices in the workplace. -the money system, which was deeply entrenched in the gold standard. -a derogatory name from literature meaning covered with gold but what lies beneath is of little value.
a derogatory name from literature meaning covered with gold but what lies beneath is of little value.
Which of the following was not a major reason for America's imperial expansion? -a conviction that it was America's mission to uplift "less civilized" peoples -a sense of strategic rivalry with other imperial powers -a quest on the part of business for new markets for goods -a desire to broaden the exposure of Americans to different cultures
a desire to broaden the exposure of Americans to different cultures
Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"? -a pan-Indian movement which involved singing, dancing, and religious observances believed to be reminiscent of earlier prophets -due to forced migration, it was a new form of rain dance -an Anasazi dance paying tribute to Kokopelli -a celebrated form of an Irish folk dance
a pan-Indian movement which involved singing, dancing, and religious observances believed to be reminiscent of earlier prophets
Which was not one of the devices used by southern whites to keep blacks from exercising suffrage? -literacy tests -the grandfather clause -a religious test -the poll tax
a religious test
The 1914 Ludlow Massacre was -a premeditated attack against Native Americans in South Dakota by the federal militia. -an attack by militia against a tent city of striking workers in Colorado. -a precursor to the Sioux Indian attack against General George Armstrong Custer. -a massacre of frontier settlers by Sioux, Cheyenne, Algonquin, and Narragansett Indians.
an attack by militia against a tent city of striking workers in Colorado.
In the summer of 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands -be given to the railroads. -be returned to its former owners. -be given to poor blacks and whites. -be given to freed blacks.
be returned to its former owners
The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 -enforced the rights of landowners to act against encroaching settlers in the West. -asserted South Carolina's right to nullify any federal law it deemed improper or unjust, and to enforce that decision. -defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses, and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen.
defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses, and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen.
The Reconstruction Act of March 1867 -allowed the Redeemers to reconstruct the South after a lengthy, -divided the South into five military districts and called for creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote. -voided the Supreme Court's decision in Ex parte Milligan. -barred the president from removing certain officeholders, including cabinet members, without consent of the Senate.
divided the South into five military districts and called for creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.
One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to -ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders. -induce former slaves to work for free, at least until they had proved their usefulness to potential employers. -encourage whites to work for blacks, as a way to deepen interracial understanding. -encourage freedpeople to move out West, where they could make a new start.
ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders
Between 1900 and 1904 membership in the American Federation of Labor -experienced marginal growth. -exploded to triple their earlier membership numbers. -experienced unprecedented growth that doubled membership. -dwindled to half.
exploded to triple their earlier membership numbers.
According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations true false
false
Compared to other religions expanding to the West, the Mormon experience was relatively peaceful and the community accepting. true false
false
In consequence of the Reconstruction governments across the South, the region became a vibrant and successful hub of dynamic and expansive economic growth, allowing many African-Americans to escape from poverty. true false
false
In the last two decades of the nineteenth century, "new immigrants" were welcomed with open arms by the American people. true false
false
Most Progressives opposed America's entry into World War I as jingoistic, imperialist venturing. true false
false
Only after Spain threatened to invade America did the United States elect to go to war. true false
false
Progressives worked to reform the structure of government to increase the power of political bosses. true false
false
The "white man's burden" was a way of saying that non-white people ruled over white people in many areas around the world and formed part of the progress of civilization that must be stopped. true false
false
The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches. true false
false
The new American Indian groups that migrated to the Great Plains were greeted with open arms and friendly words by the Indians already living there. true false
false
Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top elected positions true false
false
While Reconstruction brought profound changes, the postwar South was peopled with the same social classes. true false
false
From 1910 to 1916, the price of a Model T automobile approximately -tripled. -doubled. -was marginally unchanged. -halved.
halved.
The series of mass strikes called the "Uprising of the 20,000" in New York included -a force of "traditional" Americans who did not want immigrant takeover of their jobs. -workers' displeasure of being replaced by machines, which lessened their pay but required them to work longer hours. -immigrant workers who wanted the right to bargain collectively. -mostly African American women who wanted equal access to the same jobs as white women.
immigrant workers who wanted the right to bargain collectively.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because -there was no way to enforce the Amendment. -it was not worded strongly enough to encapsulate the issue. -it still did not allow all races to vote. -it did not enfranchise women.
it did not enfranchise women.
The 1887 Dawes Act -established federal railroad rates, making interlocking directorates illegal. -led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions. -established a federal minimum wage law for women and children. -guaranteed federal employees an eight-hour day.
led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.
Between 1901 and 1920, the U.S. marines landed in Caribbean countries -once, as the organization's first training exercise outside the U.S. -with the help of the British, French, and Spanish. -more than twenty times. -none of these
more than twenty times.
In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction? -take up leadership positions in the Deep South -none -take up leadership positions in the federal government, but not in individual state governments -take up leadership positions in the border states
none
in 1900, in the entire South, how many public high schools for blacks existed? -As a result of Reconstruction politics, there were hundreds of high schools across the South for black Americans. -only a few but their numbers were growing -more than 500 -none
none
A leader in the new feminism, Margaret Sanger -opened a clinic and began distributing contraceptive devices to poor women. -danced expressively, liberating the body from the constraints of traditional technique and costume. -graduated New York University Law School. -established the newsletter, Wassaja.
opened a clinic and began distributing contraceptive devices to poor women.