History of Funeral Service Final Review

Which of the following groups listed performed their burials at night "so as not to pollute the sunlight"?

Greeks

The name of the place of Greek afterlife was

Hades.

Who was the Greek historian known as the "Father of History"?

Herodotus

This group was formed in the Middle Ages by lay persons to bury the dead and to pray for the souls of the faithfully departed.

Leagues of Prayer

Who is the ancient goddess of funerals and corpses?

Libitina

The Roman "Head Undertaker" was referred to as the

Libitinarious.

The "Guild of All Souls" was established in

London, England

Funeral establishments were developed in Europe during this era.

Medieval

Which era practiced embalming and human dissection for research?

Medieval

The Great Plague of London took place during the

Middle-Ages.

Tree Burial was associated with which of the following?

North American Indians

The people who cremated their dead with all of their worldly possessions were

Northern Europeans.

In ancient Rome, where did burial and/or entombment take place?

Outside the walls of Rome

Which funeral functionary in ancient Rome was identified as the "crier"?

Praeco

The "Crier" in Ancient Rome was also referred to as the

Praeco.

Which ancient culture believed the soul of man hovered around the place of burial for its continued peace and happiness, and required constant attention from the descendants in the form of offerings of food and drink?

Romans

Which of the following best describes the place of women in Ancient Greek burial customs?

They joined in if over 16 and blood related, or over 60 years of age.

These were town health officials in colonial America appointed by the mayor.

Town Undertakers

A raised platform, with or without a canopy, used for a body to lie in state is a

catafalque

One who has little or no religion is considered a

pagan.

The ones who created mummies that were referred to as "Xaxos" were the

Gaunches.

The Cult of Dionysius is associated with which of the following cultures?

Ancient Greeks

This is the doctrine which holds the soul is the vital principle.

Animism

What is the term for a funeral procession?

Cortege

In ancient Rome, this early death belief said that the body and soul were composed of atoms which simply disintegrated at death. Who is responsible for influencing this belief?

Epicurus

Funeralis is best described as

Latin word for tourchlight procession.

This terminology was used as a predecessor to the undertaker in the U.S.

Layers out of the dead

This was the Middle Age custom of eating a loaf of bread and drinking a bowl of beer in the presence of the deceased that transferred the sins of the participant. Therefore the spirit wouldn't wander.

Sin- Eater

In 1665 out of a population of 460,000 there were 68,596 recorded deaths in London due to

The Plague

The "Conclamatio Mortis" is identified with which of the following?

The calling out of the dead

What did the expression "sawdust and tar" refer to in early American history?

Those practicing undertaking outside the legitimate profession.

The practice of draining a quantity of blood to cure illness is

bloodletting

The use of an "effigy" became popularized during

middle-ages.

Which group developed during the end of the Middle Ages which provided a need for dead human bodies for study?

Anatomist

The "Elysian Fields" death belief is associated with which of the following cultures?

Ancient Greeks

This refers to the closing of the committal service in ancient Rome.

Conclamatio Mortis

An airtight metallic coffin designed to improve the ability to preserve the body describes the

Fisk metallic coffin

This was an innovation introduced to square sided caskets in order to reduce the excess space and weight, particularly of metal caskets.

The ogee design

A social development in the Middle-Ages whereby the bodies of the noble were separated and their bones were brought back to their home in a chest describes

independent bone burial

The medieval Irish wakes were known for their

light-hearted practices

This method of final disposition was first attributed to the ancient Greeks.

Cremation

Who was the Greek god of wine and fertility?

Dionysos

This was substituted for the deceased when the body could not be preserved until the funeral.

Effigy

In ancient Greek thought, this was the concept of heaven.

Elysian Fields

One of the countries which made mask making very popular in replacing the body during the long periods the body was lying in state was

England

Which culture is associated with the practice of immersing the body of the dead in earthen jars filled with honey or wax?

Babylonians

What was the generic term used in America to designate all burial receptacles as new variations of the coffin?

Burial Case

These were created in the 19th century providing poor people the ability to bury the dead.

Burial clubs

Which of the following originated in ancient Rome as excavated cemeteries cut out of soft rock for the tombs of wealthy Christians?

Catacombs

In Ancient Greek thought, a honey cake was placed by the head of the deceased to appease

Cerberus

What is the name of the mythical creature who protected the River Styx in Ancient Greek thought?

Cerberus

This document listed the abominable conditions of London's cemeteries created by intramural burials.

Chadwick's report

What are the dates for the Medieval era?

600 AD to 1850 AD

The term "Tabona" referred to which of the following?

A flint stone knife

This was a municipal appointment in colonial America who personally called upon those expected to attend funerals.

Inviter to funerals