History of R&R CH 2

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Elvis is often thought of as a song stylist because he

did not write his own songs but chose which material he would record.

The country and western chart was originally called

hillbilly

Whom did BMI represent during the payola scandal?

rock and roll

All of the following are elements of Chuck Berry's music EXCEPT

songs geared toward adult black listeners.

As a song, "Roll Over Beethoven" celebrates

teenagers listening to rhythm and blues.

The success of crossover artists significantly reduced

the crossover potential for the original artists.

Whom did ASCAP represent during the payola scandal?

traditional pop songwriters

trademark of Buddy Holly

vocal hiccup

Early in his career, Elvis was marketed as a

country and western artist

The emergence of rock and roll in the 1950s can be attributed to the relationship between DJs and

indie record labels.

The practice of payola involved

creating business friendships with disc jockeys by offering gifts

Along with Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and Little Richard were killed in the same plane crash.

False

A crossover song is

a song or record appearing on multiple music charts

original marketing term for rhythm and blues

race records

The congressional hearings on the payola scandal focused on

radio stations that played rock and roll.

"That'll Be the Day" was the first hit for

Buddy Holly.

All of the following were artists with Sun Records EXCEPT

Buddy Holly.

Which song was the first million-selling single for Sun Records?

"Blue Suede Shoes"

Elvis's first single for RCA was

"Heartbreak Hotel."

Chuck Berry's first hit on Chess Records

"Maybellene"

Elvis is best thought of as a master songwriter who wrote in a variety of pop genres.

False

Elvis's recordings with RCA helped establish a style that came to be called "rockabilly."

False

It was a common practice for major record labels to watch the country and western charts for hits and then cover those songs for the pop market.

False

Little Richard's aggressive piano playing and "wild man" image were a direct contrast to

Fats Domino

Which of the following was NOT a major record label in the 1950s?

Sun

Which of the following was NOT a major record label in the 1950s?Specialty

Sun

To many teenagers, Alan Freed was the father of rock and roll.

True

the American Society of Composers, Artists, and Performers

ASCAP

All of the following are examples of crossover artists EXCEPT

Big Joe Turner

Who took control of American popular music as the first wave of rock and roll ended?

Big companies

Which 1950s movie featured Bill Haley's "(We're Gonna) Rock around the Clock"?

Blackboard Jungle

female rockabilly singer

Brenda Lee

________ often performed a trademark "duck walk" during guitar solos.

Chuck Berry

Alan Freed began his career in

Cleveland

Elvis Presley's manager

Colonel Tom Parker

How was Elvis's image and music used to appeal to a wider audience?

He starred in movies, after serving in the army he became a patriotic G.I. instead of a hip swiveling menace.

Which Sun Records singer was dubbed the "female Elvis"?

Janis Martin

________ was probably the most flamboyant performer in the early years of rock and roll.

Little Richard

White artists covering Little Richard's music left out much of the sexual innuendo in his lyrics.

True

Although he covered many rhythm and blues songs, ________ played a central role in establishing rock and roll in mainstream pop in the 1950s.

Pat Boone

All of the following events affected the first wave of rock and roll EXCEPT

Pat Boone having the first rock-and-roll hit song.

Elvis Presley's contract was bought by

RCA Records

________ was a regional radio show in Memphis hosted by Dewey Phillips.

Red, Hot, and Blue

The "slapback echo" was a rockabilly feature pioneered by ________.

Sam Phillips

Who started Sun Records in Memphis?

Sam Phillips

song originally performed by Big Joe Turner

Shake, Rattle, and Roll

To which independent label was Little Richard signed?

Specialty

The song ________ helped launch Elvis Presley's career at Sun Records.

That's All Right Mama

radio show hosted by Alan Freed

The Moondog Show

How was Buddy Holly influential as a songwriter?

The fact that he wrote his own songs served as a model for other rock musicians. He also was adventurous in terms of formal design.

Why did Sam Phillips sell Elvis's contract?

They paid him an amount he never thought they would agree to and he invested that money into his business.

Before Elvis signed a major record deal, major labels were NOT interested in rock and roll.

True

Both Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry wrote music that was intended for a pop audience with influences of country and western and rhythm and blues.

True

Both independent and major record labels used payola.

True

Fats Domino, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard were all artists recorded on independent labels.

True

Most of rock's originators and many of the independent labels they worked for were out of the music business by 1960.

True

crossover success for Jerry Lee Lewis

Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On

Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran were particularly popular with

audiences in England.

The "whitening" of rhythm and blues was marked by

lyrics changed to dance references instead of sexual innuendos.

Which of the following was a trademark of Little Richard's music?

maniacal singing

Explain why the act of payola was NOT deemed an illegal activity.

According to FCC rules the gifts just had to be announced on air and money received had to be claimed on a tax form.

received coauthor credit for the song "Maybellene"

Alan Freed

Two high-profile individuals associated with the payola scandal were

Alan Freed and Dick Clark.

The Rock and Roll Party was

Alan Freed's radio show in New York

Cover versions of rhythm and blues songs by white artists very rarely performed better on the pop charts than the rhythm and blues originals.

False

Why did rhythm and blues artists often opt for a flat fee for their recordings?

For musicians in the habit of going around playing gigs it was more prudent to be paid up front than to sign an agreement for future royalties with a small, fragile record company.

Explain how payola was beneficial to indie record labels as well as independent radio stations.

They used it to compete with the greater resources of shared by major labels. Independent radio stations used it as a way to compete in regional markets.

Explain how payola was beneficial to indie record labels as well as independent radio stations

They used it to compete with the greater resources shared by major labels. Independent radio stations used it as a way to compete in regional markets.

As a result of the payola scandal, Alan Freed

was run out of the music business.

Which of the following statements about Buddy Holly is FALSE?

He was a cover artist.


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