History of Rock and Roll Exam 2
What happened to Rock and Soul due to Motown?
Black musical perspective no longer as definitive of 1960s rock as 1950s rock 'n' roll Soul influenced rock performers' stage craft Rock musicians covered music of soul artists like Wilson Pickett & Otis Redding Rock artists of the 1960s often advocated for soul artists they covered (e.g. Stax Records' Otis Redding) Concept of race (& its complexities) remained central to rock music
Who Sang "Blowing in the Wind" and "The Times They are a Changing'"?
Bob Dyan
Who were examples of these single songwriter/singers after the folk music revival?
Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, paul Simon, Tim Hardin, Joni Mitchell
What singer/songwriter of NYC was the embodiment of folk movement? Why was he?
Bob Dylan. Stood out for originality and intensity of his songs. -incoperated traditional melodies. -Idiosyncratic per style=barrier to pop marketability. (songs covered by pop artist).
Who changed from folk artist to rock star? How did he do this?
Bob Dylan. -Shocked folk-purist fans w/ '65 Newport set backed by Paul Butterfield Blues Band's elec instr & drums -Transformed himself into rock 'n' roll musician Perceived by folk community as betrayal -Possibly influenced by meeting w/ Beatles, Byrds' coverS
Who discovered the Beatles and Where?
Brian Epstein at the lIverpool Carven Club. -he became manager and cleans up image.
What group did the Beatles model after?
Buddy Holly's Crickets
Who wrote the beatles music, what happen after the beatles quit touring?
By 1963 were writing much of their own material Lennon & McCartney main songwriters from beginning Quit touring in 1966 and became a "studio band"
Who sang "Can the Circle be Unbroken"?
Carter Family
What Englishman collected over 1000 british folk tunes in the U.S.?
Cecil Sharpe and English Folk Songs of the Southern Appalachians 1917
Who did the beatles preform covers by?
Chuck Berry, Carl Perkins, Little Richard, and Buddy Holly
What was Folk Revival: Preservationism?
Concern of the disappearance of folk music due to industrialization and urbanization
The Doors: "Light My Fire" (The Doors [Robbie Krieger]) 1967
"Light My Fire" had major impact on rock music Popularity of shortened single → popularity of LP version Became successful despite almost 7-minute length Encouraged record companies to promote albums on emerging FM radio Form: organ intro, verse-chorus w/ instr. solo interlude Distinctive features: Starts w/moody, intimate vocals, building to scream at end Long carnivalesque organ & flamenco-infl guitar solos Bass lines played on organ Lyrics: Smooth,unmistakablysexualcome-onfrom singer, hinting at transcendent potential of sex & drugs
James Brown Politics
1968 Played televised concert to calm post-MLK rioting 1968 Invited to White House by LBJ, played for troops 1968 Recorded "Say It Loud—I'm Black and I'm Proud" 1968 Began purchasing black radio stations 1968 Initiated "Operation Black Pride," free Xmas dinners
Who was janis Joplin?
Came up on Austin TX's folk/blues scene Along with Grace Slick, one of most important women on S.F. music scene Most successful white blues singer of '60s Did not cross over to R&B charts Joined Big Brother & the Holding Co. Brought in by Chet Helms (TX friend) Full-tilt singing style influenced by Bessie Smith and Big Mama Thornton Incorporated rough, rasping tones and "multiphonics"
What was the Atlantic Records distribution deal with Stax?
Contract gives Atlantic ownership of Stax masters Atlantic sends artists to record w/ Stax production team Atlantic signs soul artists Solomon Burke, Sam & Dave, Wilson Pickett 1966 Stax stops recording Atlantic artists; Atlantic moves soul production to Muscle Shoals' FAME studios Percy Sledge records "When a Man Loves a Woman" Aretha Franklin records debut single @ Muscle Shoals 1967 Atlantic sells out to Warner Bros. 1968 Stax terminates distribution deal
The Kinks: "You Really Got Me" (Ray Davies) 1964
Even beat subdivisions Strong backbeat in drums, tambourine each beat Form: intro power-chord guitar riff continues thru verse/chorus & guitar solo Riff accents on "really" & "me" create syncopation Abrupt key changes Instr: Guitar fuzztone from cut speaker cone Lyrics: Singer is enraptured by his girlfriend Charts: U.S. Pop #7, U.K. #1
Who was Otis Redding?
Inspired by Little Richard turned toward R&B Debuted on Stax/Volt 1962 w/ soul ballad "These Arms of Mine" Earned nickname "Mr. Pitiful" due to slow ballads Co-wrote (uptempo) soul song of same name 1963-67 scored top 10 R&B hits w/ little crossover success Booked at Fillmore 1966; Monterey Pop 1967 Acclaimed as highlight of festival "Dock of the Bay" 1st posthumous pop #1 hit
Jefferson Airplane: "Somebody to Love"
Med-fast tempo (133 bpm) 4 beats per bar Even (rock) beat subdivisions Driving emphasis on each beat Form: 8-bar verses, choruses, & interlude Distinctive Features: (Darby Slick) 1967 Powerful vibrato-laden vocals by Grace Slick Propulsive momentum from drums, rhythm guitar Bluesy lead guitar licks/solo by Jorma Kaukonen Dense, loud instr. texture thick w/ elec. distortion Lyrics: Finding a lover as immediate imperative Charts: Pop#5,LP#3
Temptations: "My Girl" (Robinson-White)
Medium tempo (112 bpm), 4 beats per bar Backbeat with finger snaps, then drums Romantic song in verse-chorus form Instrumental section with vocal responses Layering of sounds suggests increasing passion Bass intro & guitar lick hooks listener's ear Orchestral string section and brass fills Vocal group responds to lead singer David Ruffin in more pop than gospel style Lyrics: Singer's fulfillment when with his girl Charts: Pop, #1, R&B, #1 for six weeks
Beatles: "Eleanor Rigby" 1966 (Lennon-McCartney)
Released as "B" side of "Yellow Submarine" Unconventional string quartet arrangement Alternates btw. unrelated major & minor chords Philosophical look at loneliness Verse/chorus form suggests folk ballad infl. Incorporates uneven phrase lengths reflecting theme of incompleteness
What was the The Beatles: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band?
Released in 1967: the "Summer of Love" Reflected counterculture ambience Famous cover feat. wild collage of historic counterculture figures Included probable drug references Included psychedelic sounds like distorted voices Evoked Indian classical music in "Within You Without You"
Beatles: "A Day in the Life" (Lennon-McCartney) 1967
Tempo/Meter: 76 b.p.m., 4 beats per bar, double-time bridge Form: Sections in unequal lengths, ordered AAABA Features: Even beat subdivisions Drums support rhythms, no backbeat Instruments incl. acoustic guitar, electric bass, piano, drums 40-pc orch rec & overdubbed 4x to create sound mass before bridge End with a long extension of a echo of the final piano chord Lyrics: A sections (Lennon) incl. various different images B section (McCartney) re: ordinary life including drug use
What was the beatles image/sound?
"Mersey beat" sound from Liverpool & Manchester Clean image, matching suits, heeled boots
Peter, Paul, and Mary: "Blowing in the Wind" (Dylan) 1963
- Form: Strophic w/ verses made of 4 (8-bar) phrases -Lyrics: reflect civil rights & nascent antiwar mvmts Charts: Pop #2
Jefferson Airplane?
-1st band to emerge nationally from S.F. -Formed by Marty Balin and paul Kanter -Part of original triumvirate of SF acid rock bands --Grace slick- biggest celeb in band -1965: introduced to nat'l audience w/ pop #5 hit "Somebody to Love," from pop #3 LP Surrealistic Pillow
Who were the Byrds?
-1st folk rock band (Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, David Crosby, Chris Hillman and Mike Clarke). -inspired by Dylan -Succeed with 1st ever psychedelic rock hit "Eight Miles high" -Featured hallucinatory lyrics -Banned by some radio stations for drug references.
Woodstock
-8/69 -Commercial festival (became free after 100-200k showed up without tix) finally broke even with film. -Peaceful gathering more than 300 k fans of hippie movement. - feat. Shankar, Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Dead, Hendrix, Who, Joan Baez, Santana, Sly Stone, Creedence Clearwater Revival, CSNY
What did the solo singer songwriters in the folk music revival consist of?
-Added newly composed songs to traditional folk repertory -Accompained own solo singing on guitar -Left wing. socially conscious, politically activist oreintation
What did the post war folk music ensembles consist of?
-Arranged trad and new folk songs repertoires for small ensembles -Accompanied with guitar banjo and string bass -Less political, more professional
What influenced Beatles Sgt. Pepper?
-Beach Boys: Pet sounds
What was Beatlemania? Who did it affect?
-Beatles already established stars in europe. -1st U.s. tour was Ed Sullivan show -Hysteria was from many young girls. -1st time such extreme adulation bestowed on non native rock and roll musicians in america.
How did beatles influence Rock and Roll?
-Beatles audience identified with the band. -Rock music became something performed by (not just for) middle class youth -Represented not just musical style but also lifestyle
Bob Dyan
-Born Robert Zimmerman -exposed to Woodie Guthrie at UMN -First young folksinger singed to major label (Columbia) 1962 -Went electric at '65 Newport Folk Festival (caused big scandal).
Bob Dylan: "Like a Rolling Stone" 1965
-Broke Rules: length, subject matter, poetic diction. -Form: strophic -Surreal images and blunt realism -POP 2 behind beetles "Help"
What were British Blues Revival Bands?
-Chris Barber's band played traditional jazz, skiffle, and country blues -Formed in 60s -Blues Incorporated -Rolling Stone
What was the Rhythm, Melody and Harmony of Urban-Rivival Folk Music?
-Clear metrical beat, divisive rhythmic subdivision -Modal melodies transposed/transformed into the major and minor key. -Supported by simply (mostly) triadic (1,1v,v) harmonies
What was the Urban Folk Scene?
-Concerned with political and social issues -Assoiciated with rural southerners and working class -Artist played acoustic guitars -Perceived by fans as "authentic" (even scholarly) -Folk song texts/messages meant more than melodies
How did the Beach Boys Respond to the Beatles: British Invasion?
-Created Pet Sounds (1966) -Inspired by Beatles' Rubber Soul -Rock's first concept album (album conceived as integrated whole) -Used diverse and Unusual instrumentation -Hit singles incl. " Wouldn't it be nice"
What was the Hootenanny Show
-Debuted 1963 on ABC TV -1/2 hour folk music show taped at a series of college campuses -Apoliticial style alienated traditional folk singers: Baez, Dylan, Kingston Trio, Peter, Paul, & Mary all boycotted it Pete Seeger excluded due to McCarthy-Era blacklisting -Cancelled 1964
What was the 1967 Summer of Love?
-Declared in San Fran by those who attended "love-ins" and outdoor concerts by: -Grateful Dead -Big Brother and the Holding Company -The Jefferson Airplane
Allman Brothers Band
-Duane Allman (lead guitar) -Gregg Allman (keyboard vocals) Line-up of 2 lead guitarists (D.A. & Dickey Betts), keyboards, bass, & 2 drummers gave band very full, distinctive sound Connected blues to mainstream rock & "jam bands" Achieved breakthrough success w/ 1971 live album At Fillmore East Established genre of southern roc
Who replaced the Beat writers?
Cool/modern jazz supporting Beat writers' readings replaced by folk, blues, & (eventually) rock Dylan's folk-rock music & poetic lyricism strong infl on scene Widespread experimentation w/ psychedelic drugs & marijuana Interest in Hindustani music, Americana roots music, free jazz jazz/folk "jamming" as basis for improvisational musical experimentation
Who was John Lomax? What where his songs and what was so special about them?
Cowboy songs 1910 -1st academic presentation re: US folk song
Where was Srg. Pepper album created?
Created as studio album but mimics aspects of live performance Conceived as album, not collection of songs No singles released from album
What did The Who embrace/do?
-Embraced mod subculture, maximum R&B Monterey Pop Festival, stage destruction Concept albums The Who Sell Out (1967), Tommy (1969), Quadrophenia (1973) Who's Next (1971) synth/sequencer EFX
What was James Brown Musical Style?
-Exclled in live performance through charisma and showmanship -Featured maximalist emotion and minimalist grooves - Highlighted repetitions of single words Included hypnotic, syncopated syllables Abandoned chord changes; focused on rhythm & timbre Active syncopated rhythm + static harmony → open sense of time Cast every instrument in polyrhythmic percussive role "I was hearing everything, even the guitars, like they were drums" Brought American pop back closer than ever to African roots
Huddle 'Leadbelly' Ledbetter
-Famous Amrican songster, blues singer, guitarist -well known by 15 -Accomp. Blind Lemon Jefferson on 12-str guitar -Convicted of murder in TX 1918, reprieved 1925 Convicted of intent to murder in LA 1930 Discovered by John A. Lomax & paroled 1933 Prolific as songster, claimed 500-song repertory "Goodnight Irene" and "Rock Island Line"
Robert Johnson: "Cross Road Blues" (Robert Johnson) 1936
-Features Johnson's acoustic guitar principally as chordal accompaniment -Rapid strumming anticipates electric guitar styles of rock -Utilizes bottleneck technique Mimics sound of human voice - Incorporates dark, highly personal lyrics
Who were the Yardbirds?
-Formed 1963 on London's Blue scene -feat Eric clapton -Followed rolling stones as house band at Crawdaddy club -Forged psychedelica expereimental style -Reformed as Led Zeppelin by page
Who were the kinks?
-Formed 1963 on London's blues scene -Ray Davies -Dave Davies -Peter Quaife -Micheal Avory
Who were The Animals?
-Formed 1963 when singer Eric Burdon joined Alan Price Combo (jazz trio).
Carter Family
-Formed by AP Carter, his wife Sara, and her cousin sister in law "Mother Maybelle" -grew up singing folk ballads in VA -A.P collected and arranged songs; sang bass -Sara sang lead; played autoharp, guitar -Maybelle played guitar;sang alto
The Doors
-Formed by Ray manzarek and Jim Morrison -Sound dominated by Manzarek's electric organ, Morrisons voice and poetic obscure lyrics.
what was the Creedence Clearwater Revival?
-Formed in 1959 in S.F. Bay-area H.S. by John and Tom Fogerty, Stu Cook and Doug Clifford -1st widely succesful roots rock and droll band -played old fashion r and r -blue, country, rock, and R&B -Positioned themselves as southern rock stylist despite Bay area orgins
Led Zeppelin
-Formed in London as New Yardbirds -Inflenced by urban blues, SF psychedelia and Jimi Hendrix -Influenced dev't of heavy metal with long slow defending bass riff and extended instrumental improv.
James Brown
-God father of Soul/Hardest working man in show business -singer songwriter, pioneer of soul and funk -Born into extreme poverty in rural South -Started career as gospel singer on parole from prison then switched to RandB -Beacme dramatic performer with energetic dance and vocal style
James Iggy Stooge was known as...
-Godfather of punk -outrageous stage performances
What was The Animals style?
-Gospel-infl organs style with Burdons wild persona and raw voice -Influenced by John Lee Hooker and Ray Charels
Who were the Grateful Dead?
-Grew out of Bands involving Jerry Garcia -Pioneered transition from urban folk to folk rock to acid rock -Known for live and long concerts -Became unique musical institution with devoted fans -Encourged and supported audience recording of their concerts
Carlos Santana
-Guitarist leader of interracial band Sanata -Fused S.F. rock with influence of Afro cuban salsa and experimental jazz. -organized diverse musicians into band -Woodstock - Hits included "Evil Ways" (1969/#9) "Black Magic Woman" (1970/#4) & "Oye Como Va" (1970/#13)
What was the San Francisco Scene
-Hippie counterculture centered in Haight-Ashbury Existentialist/Beat writings → sense of alienation from mainstream society Preached peace, free love, & nonmaterialism Many refused to fight in Vietnam; went to jail or left country Recreation/"spiritual" use/abuse of LSD common
MC5 (motor city five)
-Infl. by blues should avant grade jazz and electric -distortion -shouted vocals expressing anger (political outrage) -Assoc. with John Sinclair's White Panther Party (played to rioters at democratic chicago convention) - First LP Kick Out the Jams (1969) refused airplay then censored for obscene lyrics -Little commercial success but major infl on punk rock
Joan Baez
-Influenced by leftist politics, inspired by MLK Civil Rights Movement -Repertory incl. Child Ballads, Appalachian songs, and Civil Right Anthems. -Adopted purist stance, rejected Kingston Trio's Commercial style -Newport Festival
New Port Folk Festival History
-Introduced Joan Baez (unbilled guest appearance at '59 fest) -Bob Dylan named "Crown-Prince of Folk Music" @ '63 fest --Booed off stage for electric perf @ 1965 festival - Festival cancelled in 1971; revived 1985
Who were all the Beatles?
-John Lennon (singer, songwriter, rhythm guitarist) -Paul McCartney (singer, songwriter, electric bassist, and keyboardist) -George Harrison (s,sw, lead guitarist, sitarist). -Richard 'Ringo Starr' Starkey (drummer). -Early members included Stuart Sutcliffe and Pete Best
Who was Aretha Franklin?
-Known as singer but also songwriter, keyboardist, and arranger--participated in aspects of production -Powerful and intense vocal delivery revised pop-culture identifications for female singers -made strong political and social statements through assertive character of her performances (female empowerment)
What was the counterculture?
-Label for more innovative, rebellious and radical aspects of 1960s culture -connected to rock -developed music, fads, slang, and fashions -predominantly white, middle class members -Rejected pop romanticism/commericial motivations -Most musicians veterans of early 1960s folk music late 1960s rock made ambiguous/coded references to themes of sexual liberation and drug use
What were the Beatnik Roots of Counter Culture? How did they view America?
-Lates 60s experimentation and innovation infl. by Beat writers - Viewed America as hypocritical, oppressive society that despised/ persecuted unconventional artists w/ nontraditional lifestyles Beat movement strongest in NYC & S.F. West Coast favored by Beats & associated musicians due to lax enforcement of drug laws & good, cheap, CA wine
Woodrow Wilson (Woody) Guthrie
-Learned folk songs from Carter Family radio -became traveling musicians at 16 singing about Great Depression. -Fame songwriter, singer, guitar
Who were Motown Girl Groups?
-Marvellettes -Martha and the Vandellas -Diana Ross and the Supremes (originally formed as Temptations)
What was Memphis Soul's Stax records?
-Memphis Record Company that pioneered southern soul sound -Featured grooves, head arrangements by interracial house band (booker T. and MGs + Memphis Horns). -Artist incl/ Rufus/Carla Thomas, Otis Redding; Sam and Dave, Wilson Pickett (rec @ Stax for Atlantic) -Rivaled Motown; Focused on African American Radio -Motown: "Sound of Young America" -Stax/Volt-"Sound of Black America"
Iggy and the Stooges
-Michigan based band -led by Iggy stooge (James Osterberg) -working class ancestors of punk rock -expressed sentiments of unemployed youth -Iggy Pop acted out disgust with society by hitting and cutting himself
Why was the Doors one of the most controversial bands?
-Morrison's Dionysian lifestyle, controversial lyrics, & early demise made him symbol of countercultural rebellion Morrison's problems touring, drug & alcohol abuse led to arrest in Miami (1969) & death in Paris (1971)
Eric Clapton
-Most influential British guitarist -famed for long virtuosic blues based solos -major influence on heavy metal
Allman Brothers: "Statesboro Blues" (William McTell) 1971
-Originally recorded 1928 by bluesman Blind Willie McTell -Became signature song for Allman Brothers -Features Duane Allman's soaring guitar playing -- Allman played bottleneck guitar on Gibson Les Paul thru fuzzbox & 2 bass amps
Who was The Who?
-Pete Townshend -Roger Daltrey -John Entwistle -Keith Moon
Who are examples of the small post walk folk music ensembles?
-Peter, Paul & Mary; Kingston Trio; New Christy Minstrels; New Lost City Ramblers
Monterey Festival
-Pop -6/67 launched Summer of love -first major rock fest -artist organized benefit (most played for free). - feat. Simon & Garfunkle, Mamas & Papas, Ravi Shankar, Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Grateful Dead, Hendrix, Who, Animals, Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, Otis Redding, Booker T. & the M.G.s
What music did they play? What was their image? (rollin stones)
-Preformed covers by Chuck Berry, buddy holly, BO Diddley, Howling' Wolf and Muddy Waters -SHowcases songwriting talents of Jagger and Richards -Rebllious image, long hair, bad boy, drugs
What was at the texture form and instrumentation of Urban-Rivival Folk Music?
-Primarily homophonic, with occasional polyphonic textures -Clearly articulated strophic form, sometimes with refrain -Voice and guitar(solo) or chorus with guitars, bass, banjo
What was the American Reaction to the British Invasion?
-Revived interest in American R' n R' and R&B styles of 1950s -British hard rock more popular and influential than heavily produced early 1960s U.S. pop -American bands imitate the British: (Monkees like Beatles) -Garage bands: raw and undefined by pop studio production standards (Kinsmen's "Louie Louie" influence bands like kink) -West-coast folk rock scene embraces psychedelia develops acid rock style.
What was the San Fran sound?
-S.F.: center of "psychedelic rock" scene in late 1960s Incorporated folk rock, blues, "hard rock," Latin music, & Indian classical music Musicians tried to recreate/potentiate LSD effects thru long instrumental improvisations Promoted by Bill Graham & Chet Helm Rented out inexpensive ballrooms for concerts The "scene" more important than any particular musician Local DJ Tom Donohue pioneered progressive, free- form, album-oriented FM radio broadcasting
How did the Rolling Stones answer Beatles sgt. Pepper?
-Santanic Majestie's request - Feat psychedielic/cosmic experimentation -Commercially successful/ pretentious and overambitious
What was the result of Bob Dylan's change to rock and roll?
-Scored 1st pop-chart hits w/ new "folk-rock" sound -Career largely sustained by albums, not singles -Recorded in wide variety of genres -Raised the possibility of rock 'n' roll as "art"
What did Brian Wilson (Beach Boy) work on after Sgt. Pepper? What happened to is project?
-Smile -envisioned as stunning and unprecedented project -Abandoned 1967 -Finished 2004
Who were Motwon Boy Bands?
-Smokey Robinson and Miracles -Tempations -Four Tops
Who was Pete Seeger?
-Song of musicologist Charles Seeger, dropped out of Harvard -Assisted Alan Lomax, Met Leadbelly and Woody Guthrie (picked up term "hootenanny" (folk jam" on cross country trip with WG. -Founded Almanac Singers 1940; lived in Almanac House commune -Formed Weavers 1949; blacklisted due to leftist political stance -HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee (McCarthy era)
What times of bands were garage bands?
-Standells Kingsmen ? Mysterians
Who were Motown Soul Singers?
-Stevland Morris (Stevie Wonder) (singer songwriter/ multi instrumentalist) -Marvin Gaye ( singer/ drummer/ songwriter/producer)
Sly and the Family Stone
-Sylvester Dallas Began career at age four as gospel singer -studied rumpet and theory in college -D.J. -Formed Stoners, bleeding jazz, soul, folk, rock, psychedelia, merged with brother band -Woodstock perf acclaimed as one of festivals best
What was the British Invasion? Who was involved? When did it happen?
-U.k. band (rolling stones, the who, and the Kinks, The animals, Gerry and the Pacemakers, The Hollies, Herman's Hermits). -Accelerating American receptivity to international pop influences. -1964 -Beatles tour started the invasion
What type of music was Jimi Hendrix known for?
-most influential singer songwriter guitarist of rock era -style: distortion, wah wah pedal, fuzz box and aggressive dissonance -Purple Haze: strophic song as solo vehicle -Fantastical lyrics counter cult
How did Brain Jones die?
-murder/riot at Altamonte concert
Altamont Commerical Festival
-organized by Rolling Stones; marred by tragedy; violent fan killed by Hell's Angel -Feat.Stones, Jefferson Airplane, Santana, CSNY, (Dead canceled)
What were 1960s Garage Bands?
-semi-professional groups playing mainly for themselves and local audiences -Raw, sought, musically indiscipline sounds expressed (predominantly male) teenage angst and brought rock back to their level
What was a the beatles first single? Who did they record it with (producer)?
1962: Beatles land EMI/Parlophone recording contract w/producer George Martin; release 1st single "Love Me Do" Ringo Starr takes over as drummer
What were hits of The Animals?
1964 version of "House of the Rising Sun" UK & US #1 hit (despite 4+ min length) feat Burdon's agonized delivery & Price's economical solos Further hits w/ Brill Building material "We Gotta Get Out of This Place" (Weil-Mann)
When was the summer of love?
1967
How does The Beatles: Sgt. Pepper Address the audience?
Addresses audience as community Directly addresses the "audience" References to the "performance" in songs Sounds of restless audience at beginning
What record company nurtured talents of the Blues Revival bands?
Alexis Korner's Blues Inc. nurtured talents of Eric Clapton, Eric Burdon, & Rolling Stones (Jagger, Richards, Jones, Watts) among many, many others
Why did Billboard discontinue R and B chard?
Due to motion era crossover with Pop
Beach Boys: "Good Vibrations" (Brian Wilson - Mike Love) 1966
Beach Boys' most famous song Unconventional in every way except lyrics Many tracks feat. Wrecking Crew Unusual instrumentation Incl. organ, flutes, cello, & theremin Extremely costly to produce
Beatles: "Please Please Me" 1962 (Lennon-McCartney)
Beatles' 1st U.K. top 10 hit Straightforward, up-tempo love song AABA form Ascending melody of "B" section depicts intensity
The Turtles
Began as CA surf-rock band, switched to (Beatles-infl) rock 1964, then moved into (Dylan-infl) folk-rock 1965 Led by vocalists Howard Kaylan & Mark Volman Successfully covered Dylan's "It Ain't Me, Babe" (1965 Pop #8) Biggest hit was "Happy Together" Kaylan & Volman later joined Frank Zappa's band, recorded as Flo & Eddie
How did rolling stones return to R&B roots
Beggars Banquet and let it bleed
Who was Frank James Child? What did he do?
English and Scottish Popular Ballads (1882) -Collected and Sorted folk song into "tune families" of related variants.
The Who: "My Generation" (Peter Townsend) 1965
Fast tempo (192 bpm); 4 beats per bar Uneven (swing) beat subdivisions Strong backbeat in drums Call & response vocals (lead/chorus) Daltrey stutters/stammers out lead vocals Abrupt upward key changes Lyrics: Outcry for rebellious youths demanding freedom, rejecting maturity Charts: U.S. Pop #74, U.K. #2
Cream: "Crossroads" (Johnson) 1968
Features "power trio" (electric guitar, electric bass, & drums) Showcases musicians' virtuosity Conveys power/passion of Clapton's guitar Reduces Johnson's strumming to guitar/bass riff Electronic amplification allows for long, sustained notes & flowing streams of shorter notes
Kingston Trio
Formed 1957 by 3 CA students: Bob Shane, Nick Reynolds, & Dave Guard #1 hit single "Tom Dooley" 1958 Sold 3.5 M singles on Capitol Clean-cut, apolitical, wide appeal
Buffalo Springfield
Formed in Los Angeles in 1966 Scored a top-10 hit (pop #7) with "For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey, What's That Sound?)" Launched careers of Stephen Stills & Neil Young
The Velvet Underground
Formed in NYC -Reed was writing poetry and working as pop songwriter when he met cale, who was playing avant-garde viola with minimalist composer LAMONTE young -promoted by Andy Warhol -Highly influ. not commercially successful -self consciously experimental -Lyrics forced on drug addiction, sadmasochian, social alienation and other aspects of NYC street life
Jimi Hendrix
Formed the Jimi Hendrix Experience in London w/ Englishmen Mitch Mitchell (drums) & Noel Redding (bass) U.S. debut at 1967 Monterey Pop Festival broke up Experience in 1969, worked w/ variety of musicians, incl. Band of Gypsies Famous playing of "Star Spangled Banner" highlight of Woodstock Festival in 1969 Drug-related death in 1970 Continuing influence on guitarists to follow
Who founded the Newport Folk Festival?
George Wein and Pete Seeger in 1959
What was the Mersey Sound?
Influenced by Buddy Holly & Crickets Instrumentation changes: string bass →electric bass guitar acoustic rhythm guitar → elec. rhythm gtr Holly's solid-body guitar becomes standard Some use of keyboards &/or strings From Liverpool: Beatles, Gerry & the Pacemakers From Manchester: The Hollies (w/Graham Nash) & Herman's Hermits
What was the American Folk Song Society (1898)?
Inspired collectors to gather 1000s of songs (e.g. Barbara Allen)
What are the Beatles called before they rebranded?
John Lennon's Liverpool Skiffle (folk blues) group the Quarry Men
Who sung "You Really Got Me"
Kinks
Who sang "A well Respected Man" & "Dedicated Follower of Fashion"? Who did they sing for?
Kinks sang for mods
Santana: "Oye Como Va"(Tito Puente) 1970
Med tempo (126-30 bpm); 4 beats per bar Subtle backbeats amidst complex polyrhythms Form: Intro, chorus, solos, chorus, solo Improvised gtr/organ solos take up 1⁄2 total time Distinctive musical features Santana's fluid guitar style Showcases electrified Afro Cuban dance rhythm Placement of instruments in "mix" represents important part of recording's "sound" Lyrics: 2 short lines of chorus - groove & texture much more important than words Charts: Pop #13
Rolling Stones: "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (Jagger - Richards) 1965
Medium tempo; cha-cha-cha rhythm Foregrounded, unrelenting beat Fuzz-tone guitar riff serves as hook Unabashedly self-oriented & ultimately sexual lyrics Exemplifies Stones' distinctive low- down, hard-rocking essence Pop #1 (4 wks / 14 wks on charts)
Who were in the rolling stones?
Mick jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Ian stewart
Who were the Mods?
Mods (from "modernists"): London youth subculture developed as teenage cult in early 1960s initially emphasized sharp dressing / high fashion no clear socio-political agenda (conspicuous consumption) some associations w/ drugs (speed) & homosexuality
Bob Dylan: "Mr. Tambourine Man" 1965
Tempo/Meter: 168 beats per minute, 4 beats per bar Rhythm: no (consistently marked) accent on backbeats Length: 5'30" Form: strophic w/ refrain, variable-length verses Instr: solo vox w/acoustic & elec guitar, harmonica Lyrics: Series of surrealistic images widely viewed as drug infl. (w/ tambourine man as dealer
Byrds: "Mr. Tambourine Man" 1965
Tempo: 122 beats per minute, 4 beats per bar Length: 2'14" (less than 1⁄2 length of Dylan's version) Form: only 4 verses sung; 1st 2 repeated at end Instr: solo/choral vox w/ 12-string elec guitar, elec bass, tambourine, drums strong backbeat by drums & tambourine refrain sung in close harmony, verses sung alone 2nd voice sometimes heard above melody, (C&W-style) Lyrics: hints of possible drug allusions remain but many images missing Charts: Pop #1
Beatles: "Hard Day's Night" 1964 (Lennon-McCartney)
Title song from Beatles' 1st film Clever wordplay in song title AABA form w/blues references Lyrics & form express themes of dissonance resolving to consonance
Who discovered the Carter Family?
Victor A&R exec Ralph Peer in Bristol TN
Beatles: "Yesterday" 1965 (Lennon-McCartney)
Wide-ranging/enduringly popular Evokes Tin Pan Alley models AABA form Theme of broken romance Distinctive & expressive melody Influence of crooning on McCartney's singing
Who influenced the solo singer songwriters of the post war folk music revival?
Woody Guthrie
Who enabled/urged the post war folk singing ensembles?
carter family
What did clashes b/w the mods and rockers result in?
mods & rockers, who arrived in hordes on scooters & motorcycles, made some seaside resorts (e.g. Brighton) hazardous places
Who were the Rockers?
rival leather-jacketed youth subculture, akin to U.S. Hell's Angels
other than the beatles, who had the greatest influence on the bristish invasion?
rolling stone. ( Core Repertoire: hard-driving rock music)
Who sang "This Land is Your Land" and "So Long, It's been Good to Know You"?
woody guthrie