History Quiz 1
what were slaves in egypt
1. POWs 2. civilians or military of the conqured 3. sold into slavery as punishment born into it sold themselves to pay off debt
describe harappan writing
1. dates back to the third millenium 2. so ornate with over 4,ooo characters not like anything else
what was the end of the Harappan civilization like
1. gradual decay from archeological signs (less money and trade) 2. big disrupt in 1500 bce with skeletons in a contored postions
ka
Egyptian soul
describe the varna system
arayans put themselves on top, determine job access social status and salvation for the next life. no mobility and rigid and no marrying in between
where did the arayans settle
around the Ganges river area
how do we know the aryans conquered
bc they wrote about it
who lead the arayans at the beginning
chiftah or raja (prince leaders). advisors were elders
what is the rig veda
collection of hums and ritual texts and philosophical treaties composed in Sanskrit
what did ancient egyptians really focus on in society
death
why are merchants and artisans important in ancient egypt
they moved goods along the Nile. goods were part of the wealth of egypt
did the pharaohs follow the book of the dead
thought they were above it
how was glory shown to the pharaohs
through large building projects (pyramids,sphinxes)
how did egypt become so powerful
through taxes, good luck, generally lead by pahraohs and a simple social order
what was the purpose of hieroglyphs
to tell stories, say something about the society, preserve what is happening
how was city planning for the harappans
used city grids and was very rational
what was the harrapan society like
very sophisticated
what were big crops in Harappan civilization
wheat rice and peas from excavating feces
when was their instablility in Egypt
when dynasties fell and in between each kingdom
how was this social hierarchy in harrapans seen
with the different housing sizes and complexity
what did the serfs do
worked the land
did we give the name the priest king to the sculpture
yes
were classes clearly defined in egypt
yes
was there a social hierarchy before the Aryans
yes (proof from ancient texts)
was the egyptians obsession for death ironic
yes bc they were so prosperous
do we know more about the aryans than the harappans
yes bc we cracked their writing system
could you go down the social hierarchy in egypt
yes but probably in exreme circumstances
were the aryans good at engineering
yes had superior military engineering (chariots)
is there anyone above the pharoah
yes the gods
did the serfs have their own land
yes their land and others (nobles and pharaoh)
did priests participate in gov.
yes they collected taxes to the pharaoh
were the harrapan cities interconnected
yes they were beleived to rade with each other and have the same lang.
did egypt trade with others
yes they were part of a broad geographic trade
did the egyptians spend a lot of money on being dead
yes. got pyramids and prepared for the afterlife
did the harappans trade
yes. moslty with mesopatamia
were serfs forced for certain things
yes: pharaohs army, projects
where were the harrpans build their cities
along the indus river
5 varna
1. Brahmin 2. warriros and kings 3. merchants and landowners 4. commoners, peaseants, servants 5. untouchables (street sweepers and latrine cleaners)
geography of india
1. huge 2. north has the highest mountain rang the himilayans 3. center is a rich valley with the Ganges river running through it 4. northwest is a dry plateau by the Indus River (modern Pakistan) 5. south has hills and is dry
who are the arayans
1. nomadic people from eastern europe 2. from the caucaus mountains migrated in 1500 bce with part of the group going to india and europe 4. not related to the dravidians or harappans
describe the Egyptian social order
1. pharoah 2. upper class (noblility and priests) 3. merchants/artisans 4. serfs 5. slaves
differences betweens serfs and slaves
1. serfs mainly farmed 2. slaves were not seen as egyptian
describe the political and social structure of the harappan civilization
1. similar to egypt 2. began as a small series of farming villages (6500 bce) 3. believed villages thrived and grew 4. as they grew they made a soial hierarchy (esp. in Mohenjo-Daro)
what did the slaves do in egypt
1. tributes in temples 2. reward to upper classes responsable for building projects,mining, military expeditions
when was the high and low points of the harappans
3500-2000 bce to 2000-1500 bce
how much land did the harrapans take up and from which points
600,000 square miles. from the himilayans to the arabian sea
how many villiage sites did arcehologists find for harrapan
70,000
how many people lived in harappan cities
80,000 people lived in these cities
what were the harrapan cities built around
a center (posstible religious site, riche people's homes) but for sure baths
who ruled the harappan civilization
a coalition of elites from different cities to a local scale (hard to be specific)
brahmin
a priest who held the highest position in Aryan society
how does the rig vedas portray the aryans
a warrior tirve and glorifies military/heroism
while the indus valley is dry what was it like during the harrapan times
a wet place (since the harrapans had ag settlement in the rich area)
what did brahmins do
advisors to kings and rulers of societies
what are hieroglyphs like
african cave art
what was the harappan economy based on
agriculture
dharma
following the laws for a specific social class
when was Egypt powerful
from 3100-1070 BCE
what did the Arayans do for 500 years
gained control of the Indian continent and made ganges a rich ag area
what are the major cities of the harrapan civilization
harrapa and mohenjo-daro
what was egyptian art
hieroglyphs
what surrounded Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
high and large mud brick walls that were very sophisticated.
indus valley
in northern india
Where was the Harrapan civilization located?
indus valley (northern India)
who ruled the arayans when it grew
maharaja ( a king) with rajas helpig (think of goveners and presidents)
what was the egyptians gov concerens
managing land and wealth
in the new kingdom how did the view of death shift
more complex ideas from interacting with other societies
what did the harrapans make their houses out of
mud brick
how were the harrapan cities buildings made
mud bricks
what kingdom especially had slaves
new kingdom
did anyone marry in between classes in egypt
no
do hierglyphs have a lot of inviduality
no
was social mobility available in egypt
no
is it simple to understand Harrapan civilization
no bc we did not break their code of writing so we guess from archeology
was the arrival of the arayans and decline of harrapans linked
no even though both happened around the same time
was the pharaoh seen as a man
no he was the gods instrument
is there just one indian ethnicity
no inida hosted differet groups
were the dravidians alone when they moved to india
no there was an array of languages and cultures in the area
who had literacy in egypt
only priests and scribes
how did the aryans record their history
oral history and wrote it down when learning how to write
why did the nile flood
osiris' wife saving him after he dies each year
when was the earliest harappan civilization
over 4,000 bce
what did the nobility do
party with the pharoah and did not really work. own land
what did Mohenfo-daro have at its center?
polacial residence
how were the slaves living conditions
poor. many died during projects with skeletons found in projects
what were the Harappans known for
pottery
what was the purpose of the priest king
private worship item, tribute to someone, a symbol, tribute to a god/ king
when were the vedas written
same time as the illiad and odyessey
what was 80% of egypts population made up of
serfs and slaves
what did the harappans exchange to get back from trade
textiles and food exchanged for stones and iron
who are possibly the first to live in ancient india
the Dravidians in 9,000 BCE
who is the earliest large group of people living in a society
the Harappans
what are two major civilizations in ancient india
the Harrapan and Aryan
what were the serfs taxes
the crops they grew
who is the harrapans alike
the egyptians building their villages along the river
what happened in the new kingdom
the forming of the book of the dead
who was believed to first grow cotton
the harappans
who were hierglyphs for
the kings in their tombs and pyramids and the elite
why mummies
the physical body must be preserved to protect the ka
what was the largest class in egypt
the serfs