homework 16

Which hormone specifically targets cells that produce hormones that affect glucose metabolism?

ACTH

Which of the following is an effect of renin released by endocrine cells in the kidney?

ADH secretion

Which endocrine effect on normal growth is correct?

If thyroid hormones are absent during fetal development or the first year of life, the nervous system will not develop normally, and mental retardation will result.

Part B Part complete Why are Tanya's cells starved for sugar (glucose) if there is so much glucose in the blood?

Tanya's cells don't recognize the messages telling them to let the glucose inside

Which is a characteristic of the exhaustion phase of the stress response?

The adrenal cortex stops producing glucocorticoids.

Which statement regarding thyroid hormones is true?

The bloodstream normally contains more than a week's supply of thyroid hormones.

Choose the correct statement regarding the mechanism of interaction for steroid hormones.

The hormones diffuse across the lipid part of the plasma membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

Prostaglandins are examples of which type of hormones?

eicosanoids

The resistance phase of the stress response involves __________.

elevation of blood glucose concentrations

In which mechanism of intercellular communication are target cells in distant tissues and organs?

endocrine communication

Which endocrine structure synthesizes hormones involved with fluid balance and smooth muscle contraction?

hypothalamus

Which of the following is an effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral tissues?

increased heart rate and force of contraction

Which outcome produces different, but complementary, effects in specific tissues and organs?

integrative effects

Type 1 diabetes __________.

is characterized by inadequate insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells

Which anterior pituitary hormone induces ovulation in females and stimulates sex hormone production by the interstitial cells of the testes in males?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system stimulates secretion of which adrenal gland hormone?

mineralocorticoid

Which is an effect of parathyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?

mobilizes calcium from bone

In which possible outcome is one hormone required for a second hormone to produce its effect?

permissive effects

Natriuretic peptides __________.

promote the loss of sodium and water at the kidneys

Oxytocin __________.

rises (in its concentration) during sexual arousal and peaks at orgasm in both sexes

Which is a function of melatonin in humans?

sets circadian rhythms

Somatomedins __________.

stimulate tissue growth by increasing amino acid uptake

Which structure secretes hormones involved in the stimulation and coordination of the immune response?

thymus

Glucocorticoids are released by the __________.

zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex

The development of pubic hair in boys and girls before puberty is an effect of hormones produced by which adrenal region?

zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex

Which cell population produces the hormone calcitonin?

C cells

What other symptom is Tanya likely experiencing as a result of diabetes that accounts for her high level of thirst?

Increased urination

Which pancreatic cell population functions in producing a hormone that inhibits gallbladder contractions?

PP cells

Which of the following is the best evidence that Tanya has Type 2 (not Type 1) diabetes mellitus?

She is 50-years old and out of shape

Cyclic AMP (cAMP):

acts as a second messenger.

Falling blood glucose levels will stimulate which endocrine cells of the pancreas to secrete glucagon?

alpha cells

Calcitonin:

can be administered clinically to treat several metabolic disorders associated with elevated calcium levels and excessive bone formation.