Honors Biology - Cell Organelles

Chloroplast

Found in plant cells only! These organelles use sunlight energy to make food molecules. The process is called photosynthesis.

Chromatin

Genetic material in the nucleus wound up with proteins.

Nucleolus

Mysterious organelle that we now know is where the ribosomes are assembled.

Cell Wall

Not found in any animals. This structure supports and supports and protects the cell while letting substances like water, oxygen and carbon dioxide into the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Place where the proteins are assembled and modified

Rough ER

Place where the proteins are assembled and modified - This one is lined with ribosomes giving it a rough "texture"

Nuclear Envelope

Porous membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Ribosomes

Proteins are assembled on these organelles.

Golgi Apparatus

Proteins made in the rough ER come to this organelle and are modified and then shipped to other parts of the cell.

Lysosomes

These little organelles contain chemicals that will break down lipids, carbs, and proteins from food into particles that can be used by the cell.

Mitochondrion

These organelles release energy stored in food molecules. The energy is used to power all the cellular processes like growth, development and movement.

Vacuole

These organelles store materials like water, salts, proteins, or carbs.

Cell Membrane

Thin flexible barrier around the cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. It also supports and protects the cell.

Nucleus

contains genetic information; controls all cell functions; found in eukaryotic cells only

Cytoplasm

A gel-like material inside the cell; It serves as a support for all the cell's organelles.

Cytoskeleton

A group of protein organelles that help the cell maintain its shape and are involved in the movement of organelles within the cell. These organelles also make up cilia and flagella (help cell move).

Cilia or Flagella

Cilia: a hairlike vibrating structure; Occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, providing movement Flagella: a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many cells to swim.