HUGE! BFD ENGINEER TEST
Assumed friction loss for all master stream appliances?
25 psi
When two hoselines of equal length are siamesed to supply a fire stream the friction loss is approximately what percentage of a single hoseline at the same nozzle pressure?
25%
Large diameter hose ranges in what sizes? What are the most common sizes?
3½". with 4" and 5" being the most common
Pumpers with capacities greater than 500gpm should be able to flow at least ___gpm from their booster tank.
500gpm
Formula for calculating elevation loss or gain?
Elevation Pressure = 0.5 x height
Apparatus tests can be grouped into what two groups of tests?
- Preservice tests - Service tests
The vacuum test is performed to check what?
- Priming Device - Pump - Hard intake hose for air leaks
What NFPA standards are used for most apparatus bid specifications?
- NFPA 1901 Auto fire apparatus - NFPA 1906 Wildland apparatus - NFPA 414 ARFF
The three methods of performing conductivity testing on foam solution.
- Direct reading conductivity testing - Conductivity comparison testing - Conductivity calibration curve testing
What are the service tests contained in NFPA 1911 that a driver/operator should know to perform?
- Engine speed test - Priming Device test - Vacuum test - Pumping test - Overload test - Pressure control test - Gauge and flow meter test - Tank-to-pump flow rate test - Internal intake pressure relief valve test
Factors that can cause friction loss?
- Hose condition - Coupling condition - Kinks - Volume of water being flowed
What are several advantages in using constant pressure relay?
- It speeds relay activation. - It requires no complicated calculations - Radio traffic and confusion between pump operators are reduced. -The attack pumper driver operator is able to govern fire lines easier. - Operators in the relay only have to guide and adjust pressure to one constant figure.
Who generally performs manufacturer's and certification tests?
- Manufacturer - Underwriters Laboratories personnel
What are the two basic designs for relay pumping operations?
- Maximum Distance Relay Method - Constant Pressure Relay method
What pump certification tests does NFPA 1901 require for apparatus with 750 gpm pumps or larger?
- Pumping test - Pumping Engine overload test - Pressure control system test - Priming device test -Vacuum test - Water tank-to-pump test - Internal intake pressure relief valve test
If NFPA 1901 is included in the bid specifications, what are the other two tests, other than the pump certifications tests, are to be performed?
- Road test - Hydrostatic test
In the most basic sense, a relauy operation is based on what two things?
- The amount of wate required at the emergency scene. - The distance from the emergency scene to the water source.
When conducting the annual service tests from a static water source, what are the source requirements?
- Water at least 4ft deep - Strainer must be submerged at least 2 feet. - Surface of the water source can be no more than 10ft below the centerline of the pump intake - 20' of hard intake hose should be used.
With all the activity on the fire scene, too much radio traffic when setting up a relay can interfere with fireground comunications. What are two other options instead of radio use?
- When pumpers are within sight of each other, hand signals can be used. - In extreme cases, messengers on foot can still be effective.
At a minimum, to meet the NFPA 1901 road test, what criteria must the apparatus be able to meet?
- accelerate to 35mph from a standing start within 25 seconds. - Achieve a minimum top speed of 50 mph. - Come to a full stop from 20mph within 35 feet. - Apparatus parking break must conform to the specifications listed by the braking system manufacturer.
What four methods does NFPA1901 provide for testing foam proportioning systems for calibration accuracy?
-Foam concentrate displacement method -Foam concentrate pump discharge volume method - Foam solution refractivity testing - Foam system conductivity testing
If it is desirable to increase the amount of water flow through a relay, one of what three things can be done?
-Increase the size of the hose or number of hoselines used in the relay. - Increase the pump discharge pressure of the pumpers operating in the relay. - Increase the number of pumpers in the relay.
Foam proportioning systems and equipment are generally checked for proper operation by one of what two ways?
-Testing the foam-to-water solution concentration that systems and equipment produce. - Testing the rate at which foam concentrate is consumed in proportion to a known flow of water through the system.
Since master streams require large amounts of water, how are they generally supplied to reach these large volumes of water?
-multiple hoselines -siamesed hoselines -single LDH
Coefficient of 5" hose
0.08
The pressure waters exerts per foot of elevation ?
0.434
The specific gravity of water.
1
Altitude affects the pump's performance: lifting ability drops about 1 foot per ____ft increase in altitude.
1,000 ft
At 212℉ water expands how many times its original volume?
1,700 times
Above what temperature does water covert to Gas?
212 ℉
In the vacuum test, if the apparatus is unable to reach __inches of mercury, the apparatus should be removed from service and repaired as soon as possible.
22 inches
Any gauges that are off by more than what, should be re-calibrated, repaired, or replaced?
10 psi
Assumed friction loss for appliances other than master streams?
10 psi
The flow measured from the nozzle and the reading on a flowmeter should not be off by more than what percent?
10%
When three hoselines of equal length are trimesed to supply a fire stream the friction loss is approximately what percentage of a single hoseline at the same nozzle pressure?
10%
In relay operations as long as pressures do not drop below __psi or above ___psi no action should be required.
10psi ; 100psi
Coefficient of 1 3/4" w/ 1 1/2" couplings
15.5
Pumpers are rated to flow their maximum volume at ___psi, 70% at ___psi, and 50% at ___psi.
150 psi; 200 psi; 250 psi
Pump service tests are to be conducted at what net pump discharge pressures?
150, 165(overload), 200, 250 psi
Coefficient of 2 1/2" hose
2
An important acceptance issue arises when the jurisdiction purchasing the apparatus is located at an alititude in excess of ____ feet above sea level.
2,000 ft
In relay operations it is most desirable to maintain an intake pressure of what?
20-30 psi
Pumps are tested hydrostatically at ___psi for _ minutes.
250 psi; 3
NFPA 1901 states that the piping should be sized so that pumpers with a capacity of 500gpm or less be capable of flowing ___gpm from their booster tank.
250gpm
The certification pumping test requires the pumped to be operated for _ hours, while the service pumping test requires only __ minutes of operation.
3 hours; 40 min
While pump testing, scribe a mark on the hose at the couplings, and regularly check the couplings to make sure the the hose is not pulling from them. How far must your scribe move from the coupling before you stop the test and replace that piece of hose?
3/8"
Below what temperature does what exist in a solid form?
32 ℉
If an attack pumper is equipped with a readily adjustable intake relief valve, set it between __-__psi to establish a stable operating condition.
50-75psi
NFPA 1911 requires that all gauges must have been calibrated within how many days of testing?
60 days
Ordinary fresh water is generally considered to weigh?
62.5 lb/ft3 or 8.33 lb/gal
If departments purchase hose that are designed for higher standard pressures, the hiose should not be pumped at pressures that exceed what?
90% of the anual service test pressure
Vaporization does not completely occur when water reaches 212℉, each pound of water requires an additional ______ of heat to completely convert into steam.
970 BTU
Test conducted to assure the purchaser that the apparatus meets bid specifications at the time of delivery.
Acceptance tests
Who conducts apparatus pump certification tests?
An independent testing organization such as Underwriters Laboratories
Once an apparatus is placed in service it should be tested at least how often to ensure it will continue perform properly under emergency conditions?
At least yearly
Where should the largest hose in the relay be laid?
At the begining of the operation
In relay operations, as a rule, the largest capacity pumper should be used where?
At the source
Engine or other pumping apparatus located at the fire scene that will be recieving water from the relay and supplying atack lines and appliances as needed for fire suppression.
Attack Pumper
What device is essential when operating in a relay due to the cumulative nature of pressure increases when changes in flow occur.
Automatic Pressure Control Device
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water 1℉.
BTU
The temperature at which a liquid absorbs enough heat to change to vapor.
Boiling Point
The primary way water extinguishes is by _______.
Cooling
The ability of a substance to conduct an electrical current.
Conductivity
Test performed by using a handheld, temperature-compensated conductivity meter.
Conductivity calibration curve test
The relay method that provides the maximum flow available from a particular relay setup by using a constant pressure in the system.
Constant Pressure Relay Method
The pumping test checks the overall condition of what?
Engine and pump
Specific gravity determines whether water will do what on the surface on another liquid, or visa versa?
Float
This reads the flow directly in gallons per minute, may be used instead of a pitot gauge to determine the flow from the nozzles.
Flowmeter
What type of testing is used to test the quality of synthetic based foams that are produced by foam proportioning equipment and systems
Foam Solution Conductivity Testing
Water is it's heaviest close to it's ________ ______, and lightest close to its _______ ______.
Freezing point; boiling point
What industry requires the apparatus is tested yearly to adjust the rates in its jurisdiction?
Insurance Industry
These valves are intended to enhance firefighter safety and reduce the possibility of damge to the pump and discharge hoselinescaused by water hammer when valves are closed too quickly or intake pressures otherwise rise dramatically.
Intake Pressure Relief Valves, also called Relay Relief Valves
The speed with which water absorbs heat increases in proportion to what?
The water surface area exposed to the heat.
The quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when it changes from liquid to a vapor.
Latent heat of Vaporization
Between 32℉ an 212℉ water exists in what state?
Liquid
Relay method that involves flowing a predetermined volume of water for the maximum distance that it can be pumped through a particular hoselay.
Maximum Distance Relay Method
The requirements for fire department service testing are contained in what NFPA standard?
NFPA 1911
Formula for pump discharge pressure.
PDP = NP TPL
NFPA 1901 requires foam systems accuracy testing to be performed when?
Prior to the apparatus being delivered from the manufacturer.
On the fire ground, the primary objective of the driver/operator is to do what?
Provide fire suppression crews with water in sufficient volume and at the pressure needed to achieve efficient fire control and/or extinguishment.
These tests assure the purchaser that the pump and pump components will operate properly under normal use. These tests can be grouped into the categories of manufacturer's tests, certification tests, and acceptance tests.
Preservice tests
Test performed to make sure that the fire pump system operates in the manner for which it was designed after the pump and components are installed on the apparatus chassis.
Pump Certification Tests
According to NFPA 1901, apparatus with a pump capacity less than 750 gpm are require to do all the same tests as pumps larger, accept?
Pumping Engine Overload Test
Device that operates on the principle of measuring the velocity of light that travels through a medium.
Refractometer
Pumper or pumpers connected within the relay that recives water form the source pumper or another relay pumper, boosts the pressure, and then supplies water to the next appararus in the relay.
Relay pumper (In-line Pumper)
That pumper connected to the water supply at the beginning of the relay operation, and should be the engine with the largest pump capacity.
Source Pumper (supply pumper)
A measure of the heat-absorbing capacity of a substance.
Specific Heat
Where are the results the pump certification test results required to be placed?
Stamped into a plate that is affixed to the pump panel of the apparatus.
The specific Heat of a substance is a ratio between what two things?
The heat needed to raise the temperature of a specified quantity of a material and the heat needed to raise the temperature of an identical amount of water the same number of degrees.
In reference to friction loss, how are aerial devices with waterways treated?
The same as master stream devices using friction loss of 25psi with elevation being calculated separately.
if a relay pumper is recieving an intake pressure greater than 50 psi, what should be done?
The valve to the jumpline should be adjusted to limit the residual pressure to 50psi.
What is the primary determinant of friction loss?
The volume of water flowing per minute.
Combined, friction loss and elevation pressure loss are referred to as what?
Total pressure loss
What is the most commonly used fire extinguishing agent?
Water
What is the hydrostatic test to determine?
Whether the pump and pump piping can withstand pressures normally encountered during fire fighting operations.
Pumpers with adjustable intake relief valves should be adjusted so that they are set to what?
Within 10psi of the static pressure of the water supply system or 10psi above the discharge pressure of the previous pumper in the relay.
When conducting apparatus service tests, what should the air and water temperatures be for the test?
air temp of 0-100 degrees F water temp of 35-90 degrees F
Water absorbs ____ times as much heat as does an equal amount of carbon dioxide.
five
What type of foam is refractometer testing used on to test the quality of the foam solution?
protein and fluoro-protein foams
Foam solution refractometer testing is not accurate for what types of foam?
synthetic-based foams