HUM2230 Final Exam
How many Jews are estimated to have been exterminated at Auschwitz-Birkenau? • 444,000 • 1-2.5 million • 85,000 • 6 million
1-2.5 million
During America's Great Depression, approximately how much of the national workforce was unemployed? • 1/3 • ¼ • ½ • 1/10
1/3
In literature how does the postmodern hero differ from his or her predecessors? • Has no definable goal and merely wanders through life • Embraces his or her ordinariness and lack of purpose • Has been rejected by society for not conforming • Accepts that the search for meaning is never-ending
Accepts that the search for meaning is never-ending
How did Jackson Pollack create his Abstract Expressionist mental landscapes? • Combine painting • Hard-edge painting • Action painting • Wet-on-wet painting
Action painting
Malcolm X differed from Martin Luther King, Jr. in his • Role in inaugurating hip-hop • Advocacy for violence, if necessary • Advocacy for rights for blacks • Lack of elected office
Advocacy for violence, if necessary
What effect does Claude Monet's loose brushwork give to Boulevard des Capucines? • Snow drifting through trees • Animation of a public street • Insignificance of human swarms • Majesty of the Place de I'Opera
Animation of a public street
How were women almost always portrayed in late nineteenth-century American visual art? • As erotic objects • As passive • As maternal • As professionals
As passive
In The Feminist Mystique, why does Betty Friedan reject Freud's idea that women envy men? • Assumption that women are inferior to men • Acceptance that culture determines gender roles • Denial of the chance for inequality to be eliminated • Too much emphasis for female sexuality
Assumption that women are inferior to men
How did Birmingham Police Chief Bull Conner respond to the April 1963 mass demonstration by children? • Ordered his men to open fire, killing 4 girls • Ignored them, hoping they would tire • Called in the National Guard to control them • Attacked them with dogs and hoses
Attacked them with dogs and hoses
According to the first-person narrator of Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, what is Jay Gatsby's great tragedy? • Believing in the American Dream • Lusting after a married woman • Amassing wealth through illegal means • Rejecting his working-class roots
Believing in the American Dream
For what were the Fauvists especially known? • Bold application of unnatural color • Use of pasted objects on a canvas • Geometric shapes and fragmented objects • Juxtaposition of light and dark
Bold application of unnatural color
How did New York's white population support the Harlem cultural resurgence? • By investing in black-owned businesses • By supported black-owned publication houses • By financing the revitalization of Harlem apartments • By buying blacks' art and frequenting the clubs
By buying blacks' art and frequenting the clubs
What question functions as the theme of Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment? • Why has the right to pass judgment on others? • Can immoral means justify worthy ends? • Are we our brother's keepers? • Who is in control of a person's fate?
Can immoral means justify worth ends?
How does Kate Chopin's The Awakening resemble Walk Whitman's work? • Abolitionist theme • Celebration of city life • Cultural diversity of characters • Celebration of sensuality
Celebration of sensuality
Which earlier artist inspired Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in their development of Cubism? • Cezanne • Manet • Gauguin • Van Gogh
Cezanne
What was an implication of Freud's theory of infantile sexuality? • Dreams returned adults to childlike states • Children had to be taught to control urges • Sexuality was open to public discussion • Childhood was no longer innocent
Childhood was no longer innocent
What does David P. Bradley expose in his painting Indian County Today? • Defacement of Native American lands • Revitalization of Native American lands • Assimilation of Native American and whites • Commercialization of Native American tradition
Commercialization of Native American tradition
he relationship between Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse can best be described as one of mutual • Detest • Warmth • Indifference • Competitiveness
Competitiveness
What do skyscrapers, a distinct American invention, predominantly symbolize? • Ostentatious wealth • American manufacturing skill • American male dominance • Corporate power and prestige
Corporate power and prestige
According to Reinhold Niebuhr, what did religion provide the post-WWII alienated person? • Freedom to act morally • Power to accept change • Capacity to forgive • Courage to conquer despair
Courage to conquer despair
Eadweard Muybridge photographed a trotting horse in rapid succession to • Analyze the optimal positioning of a jockey • Determine if all four feet are ever off the ground at once • Create a series of frames for motion pictures • Study the length of the horse's stride
Determine if all four feet are ever off the ground at once
Wassily Kandinsky obsessed with color, because he believed it to • Create the most rational paintings • Enabled him to alter reality • Directly influence the soul • Imitate the divinity of nature
Directly influence the soul
For Native American tribes, artistic skill was a sign of what? • Beauty and virtue • Divine powers • Fertility • Hunting magic
Divine powers
By how much did Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase increase the United States' size? • Quadrupled • We actually decreased in size by selling Louisiana to France • Doubled • Tripled
Doubled
What is the literal definition of fin de siècle? • End of the century • Time of change • Beginning of the cycle • Period of hope
End of the century
Why did more experimental, avant-garde films develop in Europe? • Europeans viewed film as a form of high art • Europeans lacked financing of the major studious • European films contained more symbolism • European film focused more on mood and feeling
Europeans viewed film as a form of high art
How is deconstruction, the act of analyzing a text to see what has been omitted or overlooked integral to postmodernism? • Determine a reader's response to a work • Draw attention to the individual words • Become aware of culture's influence on a text • Expose the possibilities of meaning
Expose the possibilities of meaning
Who developed Imagist poetry? • Alice B. Toklas • Guillaume Apollinaire • Gertrude Stein • Ezra Pound
Ezra Pound
What caused the "Panic of 1873" and subsequent four-year "Long Depression"? • Political graft in New York City • A strike by Pennsylvania workers • Failure of a Philadelphia banking firm • Speculation in Cotton futures
Failure of a Philadelphia banking firm
What is American society were the Beat artists reacting against? • False values • Gender roles • Capitalism • Conservative politics
False values
What label did her contemporary critics place on Georgia O'Keefe's paintings? • Erotic • Southwestern • Schizophrenic • Feminine
Feminine
In "Room of One's Own", what did Virginia Woolf claim women needed to reach their full potential? • The social position to bring about political change • Financial and psychological freedom from men • Relief from the constraints of motherhood • Mental stability to overcome life's stresses
Financial and psychological freedom from men
What effects characterize Art Nouveau? • Vibrant color applies randomly • Simple medieval designs • Flowing designs from nature • Abstract geometric patterns
Flowing designs from nature
Why did Friedrich Nietzsche reject organized religion, going so far as to declare that "God is dead"? • For suppressing people's creative thoughts • For denying that people could be heroes • For demanding conformity among its members • For producing morality based on fear of punishments
For producing morality based on fear and punishments
May 4, 1970, why did the National Guard open fire on and kill four Kentucky State students? • For pelting the National Guard with rocks • For reasons still not fully known • For chanting antiwar slogans • For burning the American flags
For reasons still not fully known
Which of the following was NOT a response to the Brooklyn Museum's displaying of Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary? • Demonstrations by the New York Catholic League • Threats made by the city to cut off the museum's funding • Fresh elephant dung left at the museums entrance • Painting smeared with paint by angry viewer
Fresh elephant dung left at the museums entrance
In The Night Café, how does Vincent can Gogh express "the terrible passions of humanity"? • Emphasizing the glare of gas lights • Portraying the patrons as asleep • Garishly contrasting reds and greens • Blurring features with thick brushstrokes
Garishly contrasting reds and greens
Throughout the Great Depression, America's favorite leisure activity was • Dancing • Listening to the radio • Playing sports • Going to the movies
Going to the movies
"An enormous stage swarming with humanity", was Aaron Douglas' first impression of • Topeka • Chicago • Harlem • Washington, D.C.
Harlem
How did television's An American Family star Lance Loud create controversy in the mid 1970s? • He was openly gay • He was divorced • He posed nude for Andy Warhol • He supported abortion
He was openly gay
In A Doll's House, what does the doll's house symbolize for Nora • Her restrictive life • Her happy image • Her rise from poverty • Her child-like nature
Her restrictive life
How does William Morris and Company discriminate against women? • Refused to let them design tapestries • Paid them a lower wage than male workers • Presented them erotically in art • Hired them to do embroidery only
Hired them to do embroidery only
In his graffiti-inspired Charles the First and other works, why does Jean-Michel Basquiat include a crown? • Evoke the evils of Caribbean colonialism • Honor African-American heroes • Parody the U.S. government • Symbolize his African ancestors
Honor African-American heroes
Why did the exhibition committee for a 1917 New York show hide Duchamp's "ready-made" entry, Fountain, behind a curtain? • He parodied an art critic • It was a urinal • He used pseudonym • It was a defaced Mona Lisa
It was a urinal
Why was Gustave Eiffel's tower so unique for the time? • It was the first building in the world to have electricity • It was twice the height of any other building in the world • It was the only exposition building to house a restaurant • It was the first structure built entirely of wrought-iron
It was twice the height of any other building in the wold
The German Die Brucke artists are associated with • Heavily political content • Juxtapositions of traditional scenes with violent images • Frequent use of collage • Jarring colors contrasts and jagged, linear compositions
Jarring colors contrasts and jagged, linear compositions
How did the Parisians avoid starvation during the 1870-71 Prussian siege of their city? • Stormed and robber the palace kitchens • Cannibalized the dead Parisians • Killed and ate the zoo animals • Became vegetarians and ate the plants in the palace gardens
Killed and ate the zoo animals
Why does Renoir's Lucheon of the Boating Party seem to present on unreal world? • Men and women as equals • Leisure and pleasure without work • No city overcrowding and pollution • So many social classes together
Leisure and pleasure without work
Why was ragtime music poorly received by many Americans? • Loose rhythms suggested loose morals • Association with African American roots • Association with New Orleans' funerals • Disharmonic blending of classical and popular
Loose rhythms suggested loose morals
What typically are the subjects of blue songs? • Deferred dreams • Loss and injustice • Violence and death • Home and family
Loss and injustice
How did many U.S. artists manage to undermine museums and galleries that might have displayed their works? • Destroying their works soon after creating them • Withdrawing their works from museums and galleries • Making art that was unable to be displayed • Selling their works to European museums and galleries
Making art that was unable to be displayed
What "cosmic interaction" did Piet Mondrian believe the grid represented? • Birth and death cycles • Planetary orbits • Masculine and feminine • Divine and human
Masculine and feminine
What is the central thematic concern of the Theater of the Absurd? • Futility of organized religion • Meaninglessness of existence • Fragmentation of the human psyche • Ridiculousness of the masses
Meaningless of existence
According to existential feminist Simone de Beauvoir, why are women often satisfied with their secondary status to men? • Women are conditioned to accept they are the lesser gender • Men provide women financial and existential protection • Men have conditioned women to shun change • Women define their existence through the needs of others
Men provide women financial and existential gender
Which of the following painters was NOT admired by the pre-Raphaelites • Sandro Botticelli • Jan van Eyck • Michaelangelo • Raphael
Michaelangelo
What artistic movement/style do the quilts of Gee's Bend, AL, resemble? • Fauvism • Cubism • Modern abstract • Impressionism
Modern abstract
By the end of the century, what did the Eiffel Tower come to symbolize? • Beauty • Technology • Progress • Modernity
Modernity
Which of the following is NOT a genre of film that was popularized by the 1920s? • Musical • Gangster • Western • Comedy
Musical
How did Jane McCrea become a symbol of Native American and white relations? • Native Americans captured, killed, and scalped her • Native Americans taught her their Ghost Dance • She lived peacefully with Native Americans • She led the Trail of Tears into Oklahoma
Native Americans captured, killed, and scalped her
According to its founders, what did Dada mean? • Notorious • Nothing • Nonconformity • New
Nothing
According to architect, Louis J. Sullivan, what determined a building's identity? • Ornamentation • Design • Height • Framework
Ornamentation
What innovation enabled the Impressionists to paint en plein air? • Colored chalk • Sunglasses • Portable easel • Paint in tubes
Paint in the tubes
What did the philosophical moment of extentialism offer people? • Realization that people are not in control of their lives • Affirmation of the existence of a higher power • Path for finding some sense of meaning in life • Explanation for the horros of WWII
Path for finding some sense of meaning in life
What characterized the new architecture known as the International Style? • Machine parts used as décor • Highly stylized forms and exotic materials • Plain geometries and austere design • Great height and decorative style
Plain geometries and austere design
What did Smithson use the spiral shape for his land art? • Symbolism of rebirth and renewal • Reflection of the Great Salt Lake's shape • Prevalence in nature and ornamentation • Association with pagan religions
Prevalance in nature and ornamentation
Why do the Islamic women portrayed in Shirin Neshta's series of photographs Women of Allah wear the black chador? • Conform to Islamic fundamentalist law • Display their submissiveness to Islamic men • Avoid being arrested by Iranian officials • Prevent them from being sexual objects
Prevent them from being sexual objects
Why did rap, or hip-hop, develop during the 1960s? • Protest treatment of African Americans • Perform during the Last Poets gatherings • Popularize works by African American poets • Protest the dominancy of white music
Protest treatment of African Americans
Why did the Nazis dislike the Bauhaus style? • Rejected traditional German values • Designs not functional for working class • Openness lacked adequate privacy • Gropius was a known communist
Rejected traditional German values
With what did Bauhaus School founder Walter Gropius equate his architecture? • Religion • Romance • Nationalism • Politics
Religion
Which earlier artist seems to have influenced Eakins in The Gross Clinic and The Agnew Clinic? • Rembrandt • Rubens • Vermeer • Van Eyck
Rembrandt
What did the college students involved in the 1960s antiwar movement want school administration to do? • Prevent the students from being drafted • Allow antiwar rallies on campus • Sanction antiwar fund-raising events • Remove ROTC from their campuses
Remove ROTC from their campuses
According to the Futurists, what was the defining characteristic of modern life? • Politics • Art • War • Speed
Speed
According to Robert Venturi, why is Las Vegas the model for postmodern urban form? • Structures reflect multiple cultures • Structures are arranged chaotically • Structures are not homogenous • Structures are of grand scale
Structures are not homogenous
In 1936, Adolf Hitler inaugurated the tradition of carrying the Olympic torch from Athens to the Olympic venue to • Show off the German's athletic abilities • Suggest that Germany was the new classical Greece • Postpone the games by a week • Demonstrate Germany's openness to other cultures
Suggest that Germany was the new classical Greece
How did the Symbolists present the human experience? • Suggesting instead of quantifying meaning • Describing the reality of human behavior • Showing the sexuality and human behavior • Using simple. Ordinary themes and motifs
Suggesting instead of quantifying meaning
According to Freud, which of the following is NOT one of the competing drives of human personality? • Superid • Ego • Id • Superego
Superid
Why did the Germans level the Basque town of Guernica in 1937? • Show the world their air power • Destroy the French outpost there • Take out a bridge used by Spanish rebels • Frighten the Spanish into siding with them
Take out a bridge used by Spanish rebels
What effect do the somber color fields of Mark Rothke painting often have on viewers? • Religious revelations • Suicidal thoughts • Tearful breakdowns • Overwhelming despair
Tearful breakdowns
Approximately how many casualties resulted from World War I? • Twenty million • Five million • Ten million • One million
Ten million
Why was Auguste Rodin's The Kiss considered too scandalous for U.S. public display? • It celebrates an adulterous relationship • American sensibility shunned nudity • The women is an active participant • The figure's sexual organs are exaggerated
The women is an active participant
Why did Adolph Hitler claim Jews were to blame for what he perceived as Germany's post-World War I moral decline? • Their involvement in the art scene • Their control of most lending banks • Their associations with communism • Their sympathy with the French
There associations with communism
Why did the London-formed Independents call their creations "Pop Art"? • It celebrated the popular films of the 1950s • The vivid colors they used pop from the canvas • They based it on American popular culture • It became very popular with war-ravaged Londoners
They based it on America popular culture
Why did early silent films appeal especially to the working-class, immigrant audiences? • They early films featured working-class actors • They didn't have to understand English • They could usually afford the $2 admission • Most of the films were set in exotic locales
They didn't have to understand English
Why did Gertrude Stein declare of the World War I survivors, "You are all a lost generation"? • They were optimistic • They were aimless • They were damned • They were expatriated
They were aimless
Why did the organization of Abstract Expressionist artists known as "The Club" exclude in their charter communists, homosexuals, and women? • They brought negative attention to The Club • They were the three groups that take over • They used art to make political statements • They were incapable of producing serious art
They were the three groups that take over
What did the Surrealists attempt to capture in literature and art? • Thought not controlled by reason • The imprint of early sexual feeling • The moral base that forms conscience • The mind's innate, inherited contents
Thought not controlled by reason
Why did Georges Seurat prefer to paint tiny dots of color called pontilles? • To convey emotions through color combinations • To add movement and depth to his figures • To compensate for the subtractive process of mixing • To exaggerate the rigidity of the figures he portrayed
To convey emotions through color combinations
Why does Manet's barmaid in A bar at the Folies-Bergere look not at, but past, the painting's viewer? • To watch the distant trapeze artist • To emphasize her isolation • To emphasize her low social status • To remover herself from her mental job
To emphasize her isolation
Why did some early twentieth-century writers embrace stream of consciousness? • To focus more sharply on condensed episodes of time • To pare down their writing stiles to the most basic reflections • To emphasize the subjectivity of their character's points of view • To expand their novels beyond a mere narrative of events
To emphasize the subjectivity of their character's points of view
Why did Claude Monet, August Renoir, Edgar Degas, and other artists found a Societe anonynme? • To challenge the Salon's exhibits • To show their art anonymously • To unionize the French artists • To help rebuild French culture
To help rebuild French culture
Why did Picasso paint masks on two of the prostitutes in Les Demoiselles d'Avigon? • To make them look primitive • To disguise their herpes • To mock ideas of beauty • To give his model anonymity
To make them look primitive
Why, in the 1915 "0,10" exhibition did Malevich replace the area reserved for religious icons with his Black Square? • To support the forces looking for revolution • To represent the void of religious feeling • To show the difference between good and evil • To represent the masses of Russian peasants
To represent the void of religious feeling
Why did Congress pass the Indian Removal Act in 1830? • To quarantine smallpox-infected Native Americans • To protect them from white settlers • To seize their lands east of the Mississippi • To decrease conflicts among various tribes
To seize their lands east of the Mississippi
Why was Degas attracted to the soft effects of pastel chalks? • To blend light and dark colors • To create work more quickly • To simulate gaslight atmosphere • To blur distinctions among figures
To stimulate gaslight atmosphere
How does Beijing's Olympic Stadium - the Bird's Nest - qualify as "green architecture"? • Roof's solar panels light the stadium • Outer frame is built of renewable bamboo • Translucent roof provides passive ventilation • Natural grass floor helps to purify the air
Translucent roof provides passive ventilation
A hallmark of postmodern architecture is the • Harmony with a site's natural elements • Use of many different elements of design • Utilization of all available space • Incorporation of elements of technology
Use of many different elements of design
How did Mohandas Gandhi convince the British to decolonize India in 1947? • Ceding Pakistan to Britain • Starting a civil war in India • Using passive resistance • Leading guerilla resistance
Using passive resistance
What commonality of the 39 places of Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party does the triangle-shaped table symbolize? • Creativity • Power • Vagina • Christianity
Vagina
In Janine Antoni's Touch, the horizon line on which she appears to be walking represents • What divides reality and imagination • What is always in front of us • The balance between art and the mundane • The endless cycle of birth and death
What is always in front of us
What question about art did the Minimalists seem to be asking with their work? • What role does a viewer play? • Why must art include imagery? • What makes a work of art? • How can art be made new?
What makes a work of art?
