Human Development: Chapter 2
If concordance rates were strictly genetic, it would suggest that what percentage of identical twins should share traits?
100%
How many chromosomes are carried in each egg (ovum) and sperm cell?
23
At what age is the prefrontal cortex fully developed?
5 years
Studies of twins raised apart provide a good example of:
A natural experiment
Ovulation Process
A. Zygote (fertilized egg) B.Blastocyst develops C. Implantation of blastocyst
Research shows that if a pregnant mother is exposed to a harmful environmental factor, this can affect the _______ for a lifetime.
Behavior of the fetus
Which subfield of psychology attempts to quantify the relative contribution of genes and the environment to an individual's behavior?
Behavioral genetics
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that Oskar and Jack were similar?
Both had a strong jewish faith
What do cells contain that turn genes on or off?
Chemical tags
The Creation of Gametes Through Meiosis
Chromosome pairs split into single chromosomes ---> Chromosomes replicate ---> Crossing over: Chromosomes swap sections of DNA ---> Cell divides into two ---> Pairs separate and cells divide again
First Semester: 3 - 4 weeks
Embryonic period: Three layers form: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm; neural tube develops; heart begins beating; ribs, muscles, and digestive tract form.
If there is a higher correlation for a trait between a child and his adoptive parents than his biological parents, then which of the following would play a more significant role for this trait?
Environment
For our genes to have any affect they must be:
Expressed
Milestones of prenatal development First Semester: 1 - 2 weeks
Germinal period: Zygote divides and forms blastocyst, which implants in uterus and begins forming the amnion, placenta, and umbilical cord.
The field of epigenetic studies:
How the environment influences our genes
What is a concordance rate?
The percentage of twins in a study who share a particular trait
What are two environmental factors that are likely to agree gene expression?
Toxins and diet
During late adulthood, the brain begins to _________ due to loss of neurons and their connections, which can cause slow reaction times and problems with memory.
atrophy
At about 22 days after conception, the embryo develops the ___________, which will eventually form the brain and spinal cord.
neural tube
Damage to what region of the brain can cause loss of sight?
occipital lobe
At age 5, the _____________ is developing, which leads to more control over emotions and impulses.
prefrontal cortex