Human Growth and Development Ch.7-12 Quiz

Clara has been recently diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. She has fevers frequently and has chronic fatigue. She is also losing weight at an alarming rate. There is no cure for her condition. Given this information, it can be said that Clara has been diagnosed with ________. a. AIDS b. genital warts c. syphilis d. chlamydia

a. AIDS

Which of the following is a more accurate vision of adolescence? a. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world. b. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of rebellion, crisis, pathology, and deviance. c. Most adolescents have a brush with juvenile delinquency. d. Few adolescents contribute positively to their communities and make a successful transition through adolescence.

a. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world.

________ proposed that around 7 years of age, children enter the concrete operational stage of cognitive development. a. Jean Piaget b. Albert Bandura c. Erik Erikson d. Lawrence Kohlberg

a. Jean Piaget

Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My husband and I were eating breakfast the other day. Neither of us was talking, both of us just reading and thinking our own thoughts. But it was a very comfortable, companionable silence, and I loved it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate? a. affectionate love b. passion c. romantic love d. infatuation

a. affectionate love

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities? a. intimacy versus isolation b. integrity versus despair c. generativity versus stagnation d. identity versus identity confusion

a. intimacy versus isolation

According to James Marcia, what determines an individual's identity status? a. the existence or extent of his or her crisis or commitment b. the existence or extent of parental and social support c. the individual's socioeconomic and academic profile d. the choices and alternatives he or she has access to

a. the existence or extent of his or her crisis or commitment

Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them? a. the top-dog phenomenon b. increased parental monitoring c. decreased interaction with peers d. movement to a more personal school structure

a. the top-dog phenomenon

Almost half of all deaths from 15 to 24 years of age are due to ________, with the majority of them involving ________. a. unintentional injuries; motor vehicle accidents b. a chronic disease; cancer c. homicide; gang activity d. suicide; alcohol

a. unintentional injuries; motor vehicle accidents

Three-year-old Jared was taken to the doctor by his parents who were concerned by his seeming lack of attachment to those around him. Jared hardly spoke a word to his parents and would not respond when his parents called out to him. His parents arranged play dates with other children his age so that Jared could mingle with other kids and play with them. However, Jared would instead go to a corner and spend all day preoccupied with bouncing his ball. After a thorough investigation, his pediatrician diagnosed him with a. ICF syndrome b. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) c. ADHD d. fragile X syndrome

b. ASD

Jana's doctor is treating her for ADHD. Which of the following treatment plans would her doctor most likely recommend to achieve better results? a. a combo of stimulant medication and sedatives b. a combination of simulant medication and behavior management c. primarily stimulant medication d. primarily behavior management

b. a combination of stimulant medication and behavior management

A child is presented with two identical balls of clay. The experimenter rolls one ball into a long, thin shape; the other remains in its original ball form. The child is then asked if there is more clay in the ball or in the long, thin piece of clay. If the child answers the problem correctly but cannot use abstract reasoning yet, the child most likely is in which stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory? a. preoperational stage b. concrete operational stage c. sensorimotor stage d. formal operational stage

b. concrete operational stage

James, an American, will be most likely considered as an adult by his peers and community when he ________, whereas Nirmal, who lives in Bangladesh, will be most likely considered as an adult by his community when he ________. a. moves out of the house; graduates from college b. gets a full-time job; gets married c. turns 21; becomes financially independent d. gets married; buys his first home

b. gets a full-time job; gets married

Nancy was not able to decide whether she should major in music or take up an undergraduate program in engineering. After significant exploration of both options, she finally chose the latter, with a minor in music. Identify Nancy's status of identity. a. identity foreclosure b. identity achievement c. identity moratorium d. identity diffusion

b. identity achievement

Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college? a. decreased focus on achievement and its assessment b. opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values c. reduced peer pressure d. movement to smaller, more personal school structure

b. opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values

Dylan was recently diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. The infection led to sores developing on his anus. Eventually, a skin rash broke out on the bottom of his feet. Given this information, it can be said that Dylan was diagnosed with a. chlamydia. b. syphilis. c. genital herpes. d. genital warts.

b. syphilis.

Which of the following is a problem that can plague cross-gender friendships? a. lack of trust b. unclear sexual boundaries c. lack of intimacy d. learning about shared characteristics

b. unclear sexual boundaries

Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as they were a few years ago and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than earlier. This indicates that Grace is most likely to a. be depressed and show extreme behavior. b. undergo normal pubertal changes. c. develop abnormal male physical characteristics. d. develop abnormal female physical characteristics.

b. undergo normal pubertal changes.

Which of the following is the correct definition of intellectual disability? a. It is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 50 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has a lot of difficulty adapting to the demands of a competitive environment; and (3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 25. b.It is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life; and (3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 18. c. It is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a moderately low IQ, usually above 50 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has slight trouble adjusting to the demands of everyday life; and (3) first displays these characteristics by age 25. d. It is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually above 70 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has little or no trouble adjusting to the demands of a competitive environment; and (3) first displays these characteristics by age 5.

b.It is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life; and (3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 18.

Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is considered true today? a. Sexual orientation is an either/or proposition where individuals are either heterosexual or homosexual. b.Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations. c. Individuals of different sexual orientations have different physiological responses during sexual arousal. d. Most individuals have a bisexual orientation.

b.Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations.

Luis is able to organize coins in a row from the largest in size to the smallest. His newfound ability is called a.reversibility. b. classification. c seriation. d. centration.

c seriation.

Which of the following is true about gender differences in adult friendships? a. Compared with women, men's friendships involve more self-disclosure and exchange of mutual support. b. Compared with women, men have more close friends. c. Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women. d. The adult female pattern of friendship often involves keeping one's distance while sharing useful information.

c. Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women.

Which theorist proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings? a. Anna Freud b. Jean Piaget c. G. Stanley Hall d. Daniel Offer

c. G. Stanley Hall

Manfred is the father of a 16-year-old boy. He notices that his son heads over to the other side of town after getting back from school to meet some friends who are older than him. Manfred also notices that the frequency of these meetings has increased over time. Manfred is now worried about his son hanging out with these older individuals. According to research studies, which of the following is most likely to be an outcome of Manfred's son's interactions with the older individuals? a. Manfred's son is more likely to avoid risky sexual behavior and substance abuse. b. Manfred's son will successfully transition to adulthood. c. Manfred's son is more likely to engage in delinquency and early sexual behavior. d. Manfred's son will show higher levels of academic achievement.

c. Manfred's son is more likely to engage in delinquency and early sexual behavior.

Priscilla is in the eighth grade. Every day after school, she hangs out with her friends from her class who are popular. She is very fond of them and wants to become popular like them. Her friends have recently started shoplifting at departmental stores. According to research studies on the effect of peer pressure on conformity, which of the following is Priscilla most likely to do? a. Priscilla will report the behavior to her friends' parents. b. Priscilla will use her moral reasoning to determine if the behavior should be copied or not. c. Priscilla will go along with her friends to engage in the antisocial behavior. d. Priscilla will reject the behavior of her peers.

c. Priscilla will go along with her friends to engage in the antisocial behavior.

Gregory is undergoing pubertal changes. He has started using addictive drugs and has started taking an increasing number of risks. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely responsible for these developments? a. histamine b. glycine c. dopamine d. serotonin

c. dopamine

According to Piaget, the ________ stage of cognitive development characterizes adults as well as adolescents. a. sensorimotor b. preoperational c. formal operational d. concrete operational

c. formal operational

In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is a. getting married. b. having a child. c. holding a more or less permanent, full-time job. d. moving into one's own home.

c. holding a more or less permanent, full-time job.

One of the benefits of a good marriage is a. an improved gender identity. b. more financial security. c. increased longevity. d. improved social relations.

c. increased longevity.

Ms. Chang is trying to prepare her health class students for the onset of puberty. What should she tell the boys that they are likely to experience first? a. the first ejaculation b. voice changes c. increased penis and testicle size d. growth of facial hair

c. increased penis and testicle size

Studies support the conclusion that gifted people tend to be a. more mature than others, have more emotional problems than others, and grow up in a negative family climate. b. less mature than others, have more emotional problems than others, and grow up in a negative family climate. c.more mature than others, have fewer emotional problems than others, and grow up in a positive family climate. d. less mature than others, have fewer emotional problems than others, and grow up in a positive family climate.

c. more mature than others, have fewer emotional problems than others, and grow up in a positive family climate.

Benjamin, a student, sits at the back of the classroom. Only few children in the class know his name. He does not have any best friends, but he is not disliked by his classmates. Which of the following is Benjamin's probable peer status? a. rejected b. popular c. neglected d. controversial

c. neglected

Which of the following is a factor associated with increases in divorce? a. high educational level b. having a religious affiliation c. youthful marriage d. partners from different educational backgrounds

c. youthful marriage

In the context of bisexuality, which of the following statements is true? a. Bisexuality is predominantly viewed as sexual attraction to males than to females. b. There is a lack of evidence to support that bisexuality is a stable orientation, which involves attraction to both sexes. c. Physiological responses for bisexuals during sexual arousals vastly differ from those who are heterosexuals. d. Women are usually more likely than men to identify themselves as bisexuals.

d. Women are usually more likely than men to identify themselves as bisexuals.

Irene, a 16-year-old girl, is a first-generation immigrant whose parents came to the United States from Ukraine when she was just a baby. Irene enjoys many of the same things that her American friends do but respects her culture's traditions and speaks to her parents in their native language. Irene seems to have formed a(n) ________ identity. a. additive b. culturally confused c. multiplicative d. bicultural

d. bicultural

Carla and Steve are in a love relationship. Carla has appraised their relationship and fully intends to maintain it even when faced with problems. Carla believes that Steve also loves her and will stand by her through life's ups and downs. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, which of the following dimensions of love is emphasized in this scenario? a. attachment b. intimacy c. passion d. commitment

d. commitment

Nicole and Matthew, a couple, are passionately in love with each other. They are attracted to each other and also share their thoughts and emotions. They are thinking of a future together and know that they can depend on each other even in the face of problems. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, Nicole and Matthew are most likely experiencing a. fatuous love. b. passionate love. c. affectionate love. d. consummate love.

d. consummate love.

Marshall is in the fourth grade. He finds it hard to keep up with his classmates' writing speed. His handwriting is illegible. Therefore, neither his teachers nor his parents can read his notes. He also makes numerous spelling errors because of his inability to match sounds and letters. Marshall likely suffers from ________. a. dyspraxia b. dyscalculia c. dyslexia d. dysgraphia

d. dysgraphia

Ramon's parents have decided that he will enroll in a liberal arts course in the state college near their hometown. Ramon has not really thought much about this decision himself, and he will most likely follow their advice. James Marcia would classify Ramon's identity status as identity a. diffusion. b. moratorium. c. achievement. d. foreclosure.

d. foreclosure.

Condoms are less effective against the spread of a. syphilis. b. chlamydia. c. gonorrhea. d. herpes

d. herpes

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following developmental stages is experienced by an individual during adolescence? a. autonomy versus shame and doubt b. initiative versus guilt c. intimacy versus isolation d. identity versus identity confusion

d. identity versus identity confusion

A(n) ________ is a written statement that spells out a program that is specifically tailored for a student with a disability. a. exclusive education plan (EEP) b. disabilities education plan (DEP) c. tailored education plan (TEP) d. individualized education plan (IEP)

d. individualized education plan (IEP)

Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him, but we aren't what you would call emotionally close. I love being with him, but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which type of love is Julie experiencing? a. affectionate love b. companionate love c. consummate d. infatuation

d. infatuation

In the context of peer statuses, ________ children give out reinforcements, listen carefully, maintain open lines of communication with peers, are happy, control their negative emotions, act like themselves, show enthusiasm and concern for others, and are self-confident without being conceited. a. controversial b. rejected c. average d. popular

d. popular

Although Casey scores only about average on standardized intelligence tests, she is street-smart and has excellent social skills and good common sense. Given a problem, Casey will try her best to arrive at a solution. Most of her friends and family appreciate this about her as she seems to be able to find ways to get things done on her own. In the context of Sternberg's theories, she has ________ intelligence. a. spatial b. interpersonal c. analytical d. practical

d. practical

Megan bases her moral decisions on fear of punishment. In the context of Kohlberg's levels of moral thinking, Megan is currently in the ________ reasoning level of moral thinking. a. postconventional b. interconventional c. conventional d. preconventional

d. preconventional

Mike is 14 years old. When asked what he wants to be when he grows up, he promptly replies that he wants to be a lawyer and begins to speak about a recent case and how well the lawyers handled the case. However, his mother casually mentions that Mike's interests change almost every few weeks and that she feels that Mike should attend some career guidance sessions to decide what he wants to become. In the context of Erik Erikson's fifth developmental stage, this period of Mike's life is referred to as a ________. a. societal moratorium b. behavioral reprieve c. sociological amnesty d. psychosocial moratorium

d. psychosocial moratorium

Tiara and Evan, who are classmates, have fallen in love with each other. Tiara feels intense passion for Evan and gets extremely jealous when she sees him talk to other girls in their class. She also has a strong sexual desire for him. In this early part of their relationship, Tiara is most likely experiencing a. affectionate love. b. companionate love. c. consummate love. d. romantic love.

d. romantic love.

Mary thinks that she is a good person. This observation reflects Mary's a. self-concept. b. self-efficacy. c. self-control. d. self-esteem.

d. self-esteem.

The extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is called their ________ status. a. popularity b. psychometric c. socioeconomic d. sociometric

d. sociometric

Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter's tendency to flare-up at the mildest provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and is unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents, you would tell Donna that her daughter's behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that a. the corpus callosum, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence. b. the prefrontal cortex—involved in reasoning and self-control—has developed fully by early adolescence. c. by the end of adolescence, individuals have fewer, less selective, and less effective neuronal connections than they did as children. d. the amygdala—the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.

d. the amygdala—the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.

When Diana transitioned from elementary school to middle school, she moved from being one of the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being one of the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle school. This phenomenon is known as the a. domino effect. b. glass-ceiling effect. c. blindsight phenomenon. d. top-dog phenomenon.

d. top-dog phenomenon.

Leila, a 14-year-old girl, feels that nobody understands her, especially her parents and teachers. Leila's feelings reflect the ________ aspect of an adolescent's egocentrism. a. collective myth b. self-fulfilling prophecy c. imaginary audience d.personal fable

d.personal fable