IDS 3138 Cannabis and its impact - Cannabis and the Body Quiz 3 study guide
CBD and AEA bind and stimulate this serotonin receptor decreasing anxiety, vomiting, and pain
5HT1A
T/F smoking cannabis is associated with a significant increase in the risk of lung cancer
false
Effects of Opioids
involved in emotions, sleep and pain
Effects of Serotonin
involved in sleep, appetite, nausea, migraine, moods, sexual activity, hallucinations, and pain
Effects of Glutamate
involved in the input from senses, learning, and memory
T/F Unlike normal neurotransmission, endocannabinoids are released from the postsynaptic neuron, travel backwards across the synapse and bind to receptors on the presynaptic neuron
True
Cannabis's physiological effects may be very variable. Give at least 3 factors that may explain this variability.
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CBD and THC block reuptake, so increases sleep
Adenosine
First endocannabinoid discovered
Anandamide
Name two endocannabinoids
Anandamide and 2-AG
Fine tuning movements, planning movements
Basal ganglia
Most abundant cannabinoid receptor
CB1
Name the 2 cannabinoid receptors
CB1 and CB2
Cannabinoid receptor mostly found in the immune system
CB2
May play a role in addictiveness and psychosis with THC
Dopamine
involved in movement, motivation, and addiction
Dopamine
main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
Glutamate
What are the three main categories of cannabinoids?
Endocannabinoids, Phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids
T/F Cannabis has one of the lowest therapeutic indexes known to man
False
T/F ingestion (edibles) is the safest route of administration
False
T/F the higher dose, the better
False
What is the difference between full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulars, and inverse agonists?
Full agonist: maximum effect, binds fully Partial agonist: little effect Antagonist: binds a receptor and prevent the effect from occurring, "glue in the lock" Allosteric modulars: bind to another site, but affects the way substances interact with the receptor and will increase or decrease effects Inverse agonist: binds but produces an opposite effect than what would normally occur
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
GABA
THC activates, CBD blocks this G protein-coupled receptor
GPR55
memory
Hippocampus
Effects of GABA
Involved in sleep and relaxation, regulates release of other neurotransmitters
reward, motivation, addiction
Nucleus accumbens
Cannabinoids bind with these pain-relieving receptors, Endorphins typically bind these receptors
Opoids
pain perception/analgesia
Periaqueductal grey
Capsaicin binds these, involved in pain and inflammation
TRPV
Substance binds to a receptor but produces a response opposite to that of the agonist
inverse agonist
fear, anxiety, rage
amygdala
involved in analgesia, emotions, sleep
opioids
Vomiting center of the brainstem
Area postrema
Substance binds to a receptor and initiates a response
agonist
reasoning, decision making, planning
prefrontal cortex
T/F 11-hydroxy-THC is 4-5 times as potent as THC
True
What is the "therapeutic index?" -How is it determined? -What is marijuana's TI? -In comparison, what is the TI of alcohol, nicotine, aspirin, and caffeine?
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What is the difference between addiction and dependence?
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What is the first pass effect?
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What is the significance of the biphasic dose-response effect?
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Which of the following—Inhaled, ingested, sublingual, topical, transdermal—only has a local effect/ not a systemic effect?
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Which takes effect faster: inhaled cannabis or ingested cannabis? Which lasts longer?
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What is true about Cannabis?
-Analgesia/ pain relief -Dilates blood vessels in the eye -Dry Mouth -affects the way sperm swims -Elevated heart rate -Heavy chronic use can lead to excessive vomiting -slows reaction time -impairs coordination
What is the difference between phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoid receptors?
-Endocanabinoids are inside our bodies (Anandamide, 2-AG) -Phtocannabinoids come from the plant (THC, CBD, etc.) -Synthetic cannabinoids are made in the lab (Spice, Marinol, Stativex)
Edibles/ingestion: -How does the route of administration influence the effect of cannabis on the body? -What are some pros and cons of this route of administration?
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For what conditions is there well-documented, substantial evidence that cannabis is an effective treatment?
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List 3 other receptor types that cannabinoids can bind to other than CB1 and CB2 receptors
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Sublinguals: -How does the route of administration influence the effect of cannabis on the body? -What are some pros and cons of this route of administration?
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Topicals: -How does the route of administration influence the effect of cannabis on the body? -What are some pros and cons of this route of administration?
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What are some common adverse effects of cannabis?
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What are some contraindications for cannabis use?
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What are some symptoms of cannabis overdose?
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What does a drug interaction refer to?
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What evidence is there that cannabis causes schizophrenia? Critically evaluate the evidence.
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What is "tolerance" and "withdrawal" with regards to cannabis use?
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What is 11-OH-THC?
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Full agonist at cannabinoid receptors, most abundant endocannabinoid
2AG
CBD blocks this serotonin receptor, which may inhibit hallucinatory actions of THC
5HGT2A
T/F CBD is a negative allosteric modulator at CB1 and CB2 receptors
True
Substance doesn't bind directly to the receptor, but an indirectly change the shape of the receptor
allosteric modulator
Substance binds to a receptor and prevents an event from occurring "glue in the lock"
antagonist
What is it called when an ingested drug goes to the liver to be metabolized before it goes to the brain? a. entourage effect b. first pass effect c. antagonistic effect d. biphasic effect
b. the first pass effect
Which of the following is NOT part of the endocannabinoid system? a. Anadamide b. CB1 receptors c. THC d. FAAH
c. THC
balance, posture, coordination
cerebellum
What are the three main components of the endocannabinoid system?
endocannabinoids, enzymes, and the cannabinoid receptors
What is a receptor?
proteins with a specific shape that a molecule binds to and initiates a series of events, "Key in a lock"
Effects of Dopamine
reward, motivation, addiction, planning, problem solving, and movement
What does it mean when we say cannabis has "retrograde transmission"?
when neurotransmitter goes from the postsynaptic cell to the presynaptic cell
