IDS 3138 Cannabis and its impact - Cannabis and the Body Quiz 3 study guide

CBD and AEA bind and stimulate this serotonin receptor decreasing anxiety, vomiting, and pain

5HT1A

T/F smoking cannabis is associated with a significant increase in the risk of lung cancer

false

Effects of Opioids

involved in emotions, sleep and pain

Effects of Serotonin

involved in sleep, appetite, nausea, migraine, moods, sexual activity, hallucinations, and pain

Effects of Glutamate

involved in the input from senses, learning, and memory

T/F Unlike normal neurotransmission, endocannabinoids are released from the postsynaptic neuron, travel backwards across the synapse and bind to receptors on the presynaptic neuron

True

Cannabis's physiological effects may be very variable. Give at least 3 factors that may explain this variability.

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CBD and THC block reuptake, so increases sleep

Adenosine

First endocannabinoid discovered

Anandamide

Name two endocannabinoids

Anandamide and 2-AG

Fine tuning movements, planning movements

Basal ganglia

Most abundant cannabinoid receptor

CB1

Name the 2 cannabinoid receptors

CB1 and CB2

Cannabinoid receptor mostly found in the immune system

CB2

May play a role in addictiveness and psychosis with THC

Dopamine

involved in movement, motivation, and addiction

Dopamine

main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Glutamate

What are the three main categories of cannabinoids?

Endocannabinoids, Phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids

T/F Cannabis has one of the lowest therapeutic indexes known to man

False

T/F ingestion (edibles) is the safest route of administration

False

T/F the higher dose, the better

False

What is the difference between full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulars, and inverse agonists?

Full agonist: maximum effect, binds fully Partial agonist: little effect Antagonist: binds a receptor and prevent the effect from occurring, "glue in the lock" Allosteric modulars: bind to another site, but affects the way substances interact with the receptor and will increase or decrease effects Inverse agonist: binds but produces an opposite effect than what would normally occur

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

GABA

THC activates, CBD blocks this G protein-coupled receptor

GPR55

memory

Hippocampus

Effects of GABA

Involved in sleep and relaxation, regulates release of other neurotransmitters

reward, motivation, addiction

Nucleus accumbens

Cannabinoids bind with these pain-relieving receptors, Endorphins typically bind these receptors

Opoids

pain perception/analgesia

Periaqueductal grey

Capsaicin binds these, involved in pain and inflammation

TRPV

Substance binds to a receptor but produces a response opposite to that of the agonist

inverse agonist

fear, anxiety, rage

amygdala

involved in analgesia, emotions, sleep

opioids

Vomiting center of the brainstem

Area postrema

Substance binds to a receptor and initiates a response

agonist

reasoning, decision making, planning

prefrontal cortex

T/F 11-hydroxy-THC is 4-5 times as potent as THC

True

What is the "therapeutic index?" -How is it determined? -What is marijuana's TI? -In comparison, what is the TI of alcohol, nicotine, aspirin, and caffeine?

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What is the difference between addiction and dependence?

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What is the first pass effect?

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What is the significance of the biphasic dose-response effect?

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Which of the following—Inhaled, ingested, sublingual, topical, transdermal—only has a local effect/ not a systemic effect?

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Which takes effect faster: inhaled cannabis or ingested cannabis? Which lasts longer?

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What is true about Cannabis?

-Analgesia/ pain relief -Dilates blood vessels in the eye -Dry Mouth -affects the way sperm swims -Elevated heart rate -Heavy chronic use can lead to excessive vomiting -slows reaction time -impairs coordination

What is the difference between phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoid receptors?

-Endocanabinoids are inside our bodies (Anandamide, 2-AG) -Phtocannabinoids come from the plant (THC, CBD, etc.) -Synthetic cannabinoids are made in the lab (Spice, Marinol, Stativex)

Edibles/ingestion: -How does the route of administration influence the effect of cannabis on the body? -What are some pros and cons of this route of administration?

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For what conditions is there well-documented, substantial evidence that cannabis is an effective treatment?

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List 3 other receptor types that cannabinoids can bind to other than CB1 and CB2 receptors

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Sublinguals: -How does the route of administration influence the effect of cannabis on the body? -What are some pros and cons of this route of administration?

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Topicals: -How does the route of administration influence the effect of cannabis on the body? -What are some pros and cons of this route of administration?

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What are some common adverse effects of cannabis?

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What are some contraindications for cannabis use?

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What are some symptoms of cannabis overdose?

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What does a drug interaction refer to?

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What evidence is there that cannabis causes schizophrenia? Critically evaluate the evidence.

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What is "tolerance" and "withdrawal" with regards to cannabis use?

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What is 11-OH-THC?

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Full agonist at cannabinoid receptors, most abundant endocannabinoid

2AG

CBD blocks this serotonin receptor, which may inhibit hallucinatory actions of THC

5HGT2A

T/F CBD is a negative allosteric modulator at CB1 and CB2 receptors

True

Substance doesn't bind directly to the receptor, but an indirectly change the shape of the receptor

allosteric modulator

Substance binds to a receptor and prevents an event from occurring "glue in the lock"

antagonist

What is it called when an ingested drug goes to the liver to be metabolized before it goes to the brain? a. entourage effect b. first pass effect c. antagonistic effect d. biphasic effect

b. the first pass effect

Which of the following is NOT part of the endocannabinoid system? a. Anadamide b. CB1 receptors c. THC d. FAAH

c. THC

balance, posture, coordination

cerebellum

What are the three main components of the endocannabinoid system?

endocannabinoids, enzymes, and the cannabinoid receptors

What is a receptor?

proteins with a specific shape that a molecule binds to and initiates a series of events, "Key in a lock"

Effects of Dopamine

reward, motivation, addiction, planning, problem solving, and movement

What does it mean when we say cannabis has "retrograde transmission"?

when neurotransmitter goes from the postsynaptic cell to the presynaptic cell