Internal and External Structures of the Heart
atrioventricular valve
. The general name for the one way valve between an atrium and a ventricle ______________________.
arteries
. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called _______________.
moderator band
A band of ventricular muscle that extends from the Interventricular septum and to the anterior wall of the right ventricle and the base of the papillary muscle. This band is called the ______________________________.
fossa ovalis, foramen ovale
A depression in the interatrial wall is called the __________________________. It marks the location of the __________________, an opening between the fetal atria.
ligamentum arteriosum
A fibrous band that is the remnant of a fetal blood vessel attaches the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch. This band is called the ________________________________.
interventricular sulcus
A thick muscular partition that separates the two ventricles is the _____________________.
coronary sinus
A vein which specifically returns blood from the heart muscle to the right atrium is the ____________________________. It is located medial to the orifice (opening) of the inferior vena cava.
auricle, to increase blood holding capacity of the atrium
Each atrium bears a scalloped expanded region that is called the ______________________.The purpose of this structure is _______________________________________________.
semilunar valve
General name for the one way valves located in the major vessels that leave the right and left ventricles _______________________________.
left common carotid, left subclavian
In the cat, the second major arterial branch off of the aorta is the _________________________. This is not the same as the human heart where one finds a third artery in between the two vessels found in the cat. This third vessel in the human is the ____________________________________.
trabeculae carneae
Irregular ridges in the internal walls of the ventricles are called the ______________ _________________________________.
anterior and posterior interventricular sulci
On the anterior and posterior surfaces of the heart, the external boundaries of the ventricles are indicated by shallow grooves known as _________________________________.
base
The ___________ is the broad, superior portion of the heart.
apex
The ___________ is the inferior, rounded portion of the heart.
inferior
The _____________ border is formed by the inferior wall of the right ventricle.
sternocostal (anterior)
The ___________________ surface consists primarily of the right atrium and right ventricle.
serous layer
The ______________________ covers the external surface of the heart. It is continuous with the parietal pericardium and also secretes a watery fluid into the pericardial cavity.
parietal pericardium
The ___________________________ lines the fibrous pericardium and covers the heart.
pulmonary artery
The ______________________________ is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood in the circulatory system.
inferior vena cava
The ________________________________ attaches superiorly to the great vessels about the heart and inferiorly to the diaphragm.
coronary sulcus (anterioventricular groove)
The atria are separated from the ventricles by a fat-filled groove called the _______________________________.
right border
The border formed by the inferior wall of the right atrium ___________________________.
pericardium
The collective name for the connective tissue-epithelial membranes about the heart is called the _____________________________.
fibrous skeleton
The dense network of connective tissue fibers that reinforces the myocardium internally ___________________________________.
atria
The dorsal chambers of the heart that receive blood from the tissues of the body and propel it to the ventricles_________________________________.
endocardium
The endothelial lining of the heart ___________________________________.
brachiocephalic artery
The first major arterial branch of the aorta is the ___________________________.
pulmonary veins
The four vessels which return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart______________________________________________.
mediastinum
The heart is located in the ____________________ between the two lungs.
left
The heart is rotated slightly toward the (left or right).
left
The heart lies slightly to the (right or left) of midline.
laterally, oblique
The heart points ____________ at an _____________ angle.
aorta
The large artery which carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the tissues of the body _________________________________.
pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries
The large artery which exits the right ventricle of the heart_______________________. Shortly after leaving the right ventricle, it divides into two _________________________ which carry unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
vena cavae, cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava
The large veins which return blood from the tissues to the right atrium of the heart are known as the _______________________. The ________________________________returns blood from the head, neck, and upper appendages; whereas the ____________________________________returns blood from the lower appendages and the abdominal region.
epicardium
The layer of visceral pericardium that forms the external surface of the heart. ______________________.
2, bicuspid, mitral
The left atrioventricular valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. Similar in structure to the right valve, it consists of _______ cusps, papillary muscles, and chordae tendineae which prevent back flow of blood into the left atrium during left ventricular contraction. It is called the ____________________ or ___________________ valve.
ventricle, atrium
The left border is formed by the left _______________ and a small portion of the left _______________ extending to the apex.
left
The left ventricle and a small portion of the right atrium form the ______________ border.
about 12.5 cm (5 in)
The length of a typical adult heart is _____________________.
myocardium
The middle layer of the heart that is primarily cardiac muscle _____________________.
visceral pericardium
The part of the serous pericardium that lines the fibrous pericardium and secretes fluid into the pericardial cavity ____________________________________.
interatrial septum
The partition that separates the two atria is the __________________________.
fibrous, serous
The pericardium is composed of two layers called the _____________________ and the ________________________.
posterior (diaphragmatic surface)
The posterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle form much of the sloping posterior surface called the __________________________________.
superior
The right and left atria and the major vessels form the ____________________border.
3, tricuspid
The right atrioventricular valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle. It consists of _______ cusps, papillary muscles, and chordae tendineae which prevent backflow of blood into the right atrium during right ventricular contraction. It is called the_______________________ valve..
right atrium
The right border is formed only by the ______________
aortic semilunar valve
The series of three tissue folds about the lumen of the aorta near its origin from the left ventricle. Similar to the valves in the pulmonary trunk it prevents blood from reentering the heart during left ventricular relaxation (diastole) ___________________________________.
pulmonary semilunar valve
The series of three tissue folds about the lumen of the pulmonary artery near its origin form the right ventricle. It prevents blood form flowing back into the right ventricle during right ventricular relaxation (diastole) _________________________________________.
pericardial cavity
The space between the parietal and visceral pericardia is called the __________________.'
papillary muscle
The specialized cardiac muscle to which the cusps of the atrioventricular valve are attached__________________________________.
conus arteriosus
The superior end of the right ventricle tapers to a smooth walled cone shaped pouch called the __________________________________. This leads into the pulmonary semilunar valve.
chordae tendinae
The tendinous cords which attach the papillary muscles to the cusps of the semilunar valves. The combined action of the papillary muscles and the chordae tendineae is to anchor the cusps of the atrioventricular valves to prevent their reflux into the atria during ventricular contraction. These cords are called the ____________________________.
ascending, descending, transverse, transverse
The three sections of the aorta are the _________________, ________________, and _____________________. Another name for the ____________________ section is also called the aortic arch.
ventricles
The two ventral chambers of the heart that have thick muscular walls and pump blood to the tissues of the body _______________________________________.
coronary arteries
Vessels that arise from the aorta in association with the semilunar valves. They course along the heart's external surface in the groove between the atria and ventricles and supply the heart muscle with blood ________________________________________.
veins
Vessels that carry blood to the heart are called _______________.
coronary veins
Vessels that return deoxygenated blood form the heart to the coronary sinus are called the __________________________________________.
coronary arteries
Vessels that supply the cardiac muscle of the heart with oxygen are called the ________________________________.
aorta, vena cavae, and all the main vessels
What heart structures lie directly under the sternum____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________,
cusp
White, flap-like structure that creates an AV valve _____________________________.
dub
higher pitched, closing of semilunar valves
lub
low and slightly prolonged, closing of AV valve
right atrium--> tricuspid valve--> right ventricle--> pulmonary valve--> pulmonary trunk--> pulmonary artery--> alveoli and capillaries--> pulmonary veins
structures that comprise the pulmonary pump and its circuit
auscultation
the process of listening to heart sounds and is a general part of the physical exam, used to determine problems with the heart
left
which ventricle is thicker?
it has to pump to the body not just the lungs
why is the left ventricle thicker
