Interviewing Final

Example of an euphemism

"I want a lifelike christmas tree rather than an artificial one" or "may I use the restroom instead of the toilet"

Example of a neutral question

"how does the snow make you feel?"

Example of slang and what it means

"its brick out" means its very cold outside

Example of a leading question

"why do you think oneonta is the best college" this type of question doesn't leave room for someone to say something negative about oneonta

What are the 11 different pitfalls to an interview?

1. bipolar trap (only response is a yes or no answer) 2. tell me everything (too open with no restrictions or guidelines such as, "tell me about yourself") 3. open-to-close switch (ask an open question but close it too quick such as "tell me about your trip to china,. did you have problems with the language?") 4. double barreled inquisition (asking two or more questions at the same time ex: "tell me about your hobbies and how they help you relax") 5. leading push (asking a question that suggests how a person ought to respond, ex: "that was a great game, wasn't it?") 6. guessing game (when you try to guess information instead of asking it) 7. yes (no) response (when you ask a question that has only one obvious yes or no answer) 8. curious probe (do not ask irrelevant or personal info) 9. quiz show (only ask what the interviewer knows the answer to, know their information level) 10. complexity vs. simplicity (don't ask difficult questions, if you do provide choices to choose from) 11. don't ask, don't tell (don't ask emotional questions)

Types of nonverbal communicatios

1. facial expressions 2. eye contact 3. handshakes 4. speaking rate 5. silence 6. nodding your head 7. body movements 8. gestures 9. posture

Career center options

1. helps write resume 2. assists in applying to grad school 3. prepares you for interviews

Types of traditional interviews

1. information giving 2. information gathering 3. selection 4. reviewing the interviewee's behavior 5. reviewing the interviewer's behavior 6. persuasion

4 ways to approach listening and reasons you listen

1. listening for comprehension 2. listening for empathy 3. listening for evaluation 4. listening for resolution

What are 12 ways that language cause us to misunderstand?

1. multiple meanings 2. ambiguities 3. sound alikes 4. connotations 5. jargon 6. slang 7. euphemisms 8. naming 9. power words 10. regional and role differences 11. gender differences 12. global differences

Interview schedules

1. nonscheduled: no questions prepared in advance 2. moderately scheduled: major questions with possible probing questions, allows freedom to probe while still having structure 3. highly scheduled: includes all questions worded exactly how they will be used in the interview, no unplanned probing or word changes 4. highly scheduled standardized: most thoroughly planned and structured 5. combination of schedules: enables interviewers to satisfy multiple needs

What are closing techniques?

1. offer to answer questions 2. use clearinghouse questions 3. declare completion of the intended purpose 4. make personal inquiries 5. make professional inquiries 6. signal that time is up 7. explain the reasoning for closing 8. express appreciation or satisfaction 9. arrange for next meeting 10. summarize the interview

3 parts to every interview

1. opening 2. body 3. closing

Relational dimensions

1. similarity 2. inclusion 3. liking 4. control 5. trust

What are points to think about before employing self disclosure in an interview?

1. the way the interview begins or ends 2. the other party's manner and attitudes 3. the other party's dress and appearance 4. the other party's listening and feedback 5. verbal and nonverbal interactions 6. questions asked and answers given

Why begin with open questions?

1. to establish rapport to make the interviewee more comfortable 2. to orient the other party to encourage participation and willingness to continue

Outline sequences

1. topical: follows natural divisions of a topic (ex: interview for a grad school might include admissions, criteria, areas of study, degree requirements) 2. time: chronological order (ex: explaining how to search for a job, first start with registration at 8am, then proceed to 9am session, then 10am, etc.) 3. space: arranges topics according to spatial divisions (ex: left to right, top to bottom) 4. cause to effect sequence: "what caused a power outage on campus?" 5. problem-solution: discuss grade to see what the problem is and how to improve scpres

Question sequences

1. tunnel: all closed questions 2. diamond: closed to open to closed 3. hourglass: open to closed to open

What are the 4 characteristics of interviews

1. two parties, dyadic 2. interaction 3. questions 4. purpose

How to better improve your interview?

Improve transitioning, come up with better leading questions into each topic throughout the interview

How does gender and age affect an interview?

It impacts what is and what isn't appropriate for an interview such as, conversation topics, shaking hands, etc.

What is the difference between a primary and probing question?

Primary question is a planned question one starts the interview with and the probing question is the follow up question based on their response

Neutral question

allows respondents to decide upon answers without direction or pressure from questioners, encourages honest answers for example, "do you like to hunt?"

Example of when to use a highly scheduled standardized schedule

an over the phone interview about an election because all questions are planning prior to the interview, even the probing questions

Recruiting interview tests

aptitude, personality, basic skills, honesty and integrity

Logical strategies for a persuasive interview

argument from example, cause-to-effect, scrambling effect, fact/hypothesis, sign, analogy/comparison, accepted belief/assumption and condition

Informative probing question

asking someone their favorite recipe after them stating that they like to cook

Assumptive communication

assumes what will happen during an interaction

Example of an interpersonal communication and when would that happen?

at least two parties engaging in a back and fourth conversation, this could happen at starbucks

Fundamental ethical guidelines

be honest, be fair, be skeptical, be thoughtful, be open minded, be responsive

BARS model

behaviorally anchored rating scales: skills essential to a specific position

What is one problem with an open clearinghouse question?

being that they are meant to end an interview, if it is left as an open question, it can leave the interview open-ended and unnecessarily drag it out

BFOQ's

bona fida occupational qualifications, INCLUDE work experiences, training, education, skills, personality traits and EXCLUDE gender, age, race, religion

Performance interview

coaching process, for critical organizational conversations, review models and conducting and taking part in performances

Patient centered care

collaborative partnership and mutual participation in healthcare, strives to reduce relational distance, sharing control, appreciating diversity

Perception of self

comes from physical, social, and psychological perceptions derived from experiences, activities, attitudes, and accomplishments

Interpersonal communication

communication with other people

Intrapersonal communication

communication within oneself

Level 2 interactions

deal with personal, controversial, or threatening topics, half safe/half revealing, requires trust and risk taking

Euphemisms

don't typically translate in the company of people from multiple cultures and often end up confusing the involved parties

Clearinghouse probes

encourage respondents to volunteer information you might not think to ask about and to fill in gaps your questions missed such as, "is there anything else I need to know before taking the exam?"

EEO laws

equal employment opportunity laws, for example you cannot ask whether someone has children or not because that means they will need more time off and cost the company more money

Identification theory

establish common ground, associating with groups, appearance/visual symbols, language (jargon/slang) and employing content and values

Employment interview: research

field, position, organization, recruiter, current events, interview process

What research do you need before an interview?

for a job interview you should research the type of work the company has done and how it implies to your field of interest, rewards they have have received, the average employee pay, and any national newspapers for mentions or recommendations

Level 1 interactions

general ideas, surface feelings and simple information pass through, avoids judgements, attitudes, and feelings

Perception of other party

how you perceive others affects how you approach the interview and your reactions; may be influenced by the other's age, gender, ethnic group, size, and attractiveness

Balance/Consistency theory

humans strive for harmonious existence and experience psychological discomfort when aspects seem inconsistent or unbalanced so an interviewer may create/resolve dissonance

Inoculation theory

immunizes an interviewee from future persuasion, exposing them to small doses of a persuaders language, arguments and evidence

Adapting to interviewee

indecisive/uninterested, hostile, closed-minded, skeptical, shopping-around and intelligent

Outside forces

influences one or both parties before, during, and after the interview such as family, associates, and friends; one may have input before the interview by providing guidelines such as topics to cover, structure to follow, questions to ask and answers to give

Persuasive questions

information-gathering, verification, encouraging interaction, attention/interest, agreement, and objection

Non-directive approach

interviewee controls the structure, determines topics, decides when and how they will be discussed and sets the pace and length of the interview

Relational history

intimate, casual, distant, formal, and functional relationships between 2 parties

Level 3 interactions

involve full disclosure, little is withheld, and sometimes questioners get more than what they expected

Framing/reframing

jargon, ambiguities, imagery, euphemisms and differentiation

Where are places recruiters look for candidates?

job fairs and at one's current job

Interview guide

keeps an interviewer on track with their questions

Press conference interview

limits interviewer control over the situation by letting the interviewee to announce when and where the interview will take place and impose ground rules such as length and topics allowed

Reciprocal concessions

make a concession in response to a concession, ex: one person provides the car, the other provides the gas

MBO model

management by objectives: setting of results-orientated goals rather than activities to be performed between supervisor and employee

Non-verbal communications

may be more important than words, nonverbal actions exchange feelings and emotions more accurately, YET differ among genders, ages, and cultures

Counseling

most effective key to this interview is maintaining trust

Survey interview

most useful to use leading questions

Nominal scales

naming and selecting variables: ex: democrat/republican/independent, beef/poultry/fish

Silent probes

nonverbal signals such as head nods, sitting back in a chair, or gestures to encourage them to continue

Rule or reciprocation

obligation to repay in kind what another provides, ex: someone gives you a free drink then offers you to buy the raffle ticket, you buy the raffle ticket even if it costs more than the drink

At what point should you consider the interview to be completely over?

once you arrive home, completely away from the area in which you were interviewed

Law of recency

one will remember their most recent impression of you the most

Technology interviews

over the phone, email, skype

Psychological reactance theory

people react negatively when someone threatens to restrict behavior they want to engage in, restricting behavior may lead to persuasion

Rejection than retreat

persuaders may ask for a lot but settle for less

How to approach objections

plan, list, clarify, try to minimize, capitalize, offer more evidence, deny it and/or confirm it

Dyadic interview

process that involves 2 parties

Handling objections

procrastination, cost, tradition, uncertain future, need/what's the problem

Interval scales

provides distance between measures: ex: strongly agree-strongly disagree, increases-decreases, very often-rarely

Loaded questions

provides strong direction, virtual dictation of the correct answer such as, "what do you feel about the insulting memo on the use of the internet?" "when was the last time you smoked a cigarette?" "would you call yourself a democrat or republican?"

Leading Question

question technique that can be used to get an interviewee to give two completely different conclusions to a single topic

Directive interview

questions are likely to be closed with brief, direct answers such as information giving and surveys

Probing question

questions that seek to discover additional information following a primary question, allowing you to dig deeper into areas and discover what an interview party may be implying or avoiding

Information probes

questions to get additional information or explanations such as, "tell me why you think he said that" "how did she explain that?"

Reflective probes

questions to verify and clarify such as, "you're still considering this move to the city?"

Sampling techniques

random, skip interval, random digit, stratified random, sample point, self-selection, convenience,

2 things that the opening portion of every interview should contain

rapport and orientation

Ordinal scales

ratings and rankings: ex: hotel ratings from 1-5 stars

Nudging probes

replaces silence with a word or phrase such as, "I see, go on, yes? and? so?"

Effective counseling and persuading

select an appropriate interview approach, provide appropriate climate, encourage interaction, consider solutions,

Leading question

suggest the expected answer because the questioners leads the respondent toward a specific answer for example, "I assume you like to hunt, correct?"

Mirror probes

summarizes a series of answers to ensure accuracy such as, "you first experienced lower pain in your back, then you iced it and it felt better, but today you woke up and it still hurts, correct?"

Example of self disclosure

telling an interviewer that you don't perform well in groups

Resume

the largest type should be your name because it is the most eye catching

Contrast principle

the second item is different than the first one, ex: show a run down apartment before the nicer one

Simplifying the complex

thin entering wedge, domino effect, slippery slope, slogans, polarize

Primary Questions

to open up a new topic you wish to discuss

Restatement probes

to restate or rephrase a question to get complete answers such as, "what is your major?" "let me rephrase this, what job would you like to get after you complete your major?"

Closing options

trial closing, contact or agreement, leave-taking, reinforce everything accomplished

Ethics in counseling

trust, act in their best interests, understand limitations, do not impose your own beliefs, values, and attitudes, respect diversity, maintain relational boundaries, and do no harm

UPI model

universal performance interviewing: focuses on performance and work requirements

Directive approach

you control the structure of the interview, know when to maintain control and when to let go