INTRO: ch 2
The number of vocal fold cycles per second is called the __________
Frequency
Our _________________lobe is largely responsible for helping us to organize, plan, initiate and inhibit our thoughts/actions. The development of this lobe continues into the mid-late twenties, which is why insurance on teenage drivers is so expensive.
Frontal lobe
The ossicular chain is part of the ___________________ear.
Middle
When you inhale air, your diaphragm _______________
Moves down
Cricothyroid
Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords
Which of the following is NOT a system of speech production?
Musulatory System
spinal cord
Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain
While cooking dinner, you put your hand on a hot plate. You yelled, "OUCH", and quickly jerked it away. Your ___________________lobe was working to help you perceive the senses of heat/pain
Parietal
is a natural part of aging that results in high frequency loss and occurs when the cochlea becomes worn at the base.
Presbycusis
is the most common type of hearing loss and results in a reduction of loudness AND clarity.
Sensori-neural loss
The _________________lobe helps you make perceive and make sense of the sounds that you hear.
Temporal
Brainstem
The oldest part and central core of the brain, responsible for automatic survival functions.
You observe a therapy session where the clinician is attempting to help John learn to place his tongue on the alveolar ridge to make the /l/ sound. John is trying to achieve 30% accuracy this session. The clinician uses a tool to show John exactly where to put his tongue. The tool is the _______________________.
material
A young woman who received a head injury during an auto accident could have difficulties with the __________ system.
neurological
Sensorineural hearing loss can result from which of the following?
noise exposure
The most important articulator is likely the _______________, which has 8 pairs of muscles that control _______________and _________________.
Tongue; Shape; Movement
The structure in the outer ear that vibrates to set the ossicular chain into motion is the __________
Tympanic Membrane
The movable articulator that directs air/sound to the nose or to the mouth is the __________________
Velum
The _______________lobe is responsible for processing visual information
occipital
During quiet breathing (which you are doing at this moment), the vocal folds are ____, and the glottis is ____.
open, visable
A person that frequently experiences fluid in the middle ear may have a procedure for __________________.
p/e tubes
The consonant and vowel sounds that are used to make speech are called _________________
phonemes
You are working with a child that is 4 years of age. This child has the ability to produce many sounds, but he hasn't learned the rules of when to use them. He does not use many consonants at the end of their words. This systemic rule based change indicates that the child likely has _________________.
phonological processing disorder
The rules governing the use of language in social situations, including the speaker-listener relationship and intentions and all elements in the environment surrounding the interaction, are referred to as:
pragmatics
When you are taking a test, you have engaged your _________________to maintain concentration, reasoning, and decision making skills.
prefrontal cortex
Many people ______________, or high frequency hearing loss due to a deterioration of the cochlea that results from aging.
presbycusis
A young woman who received a head injury during an auto accident would likely have a/an ____ communication disorder.
acquired
A person who experiences a noise-induced hearing loss is also labeled as having ____________
acquired loss
When you are speaking, the vocal folds are working/vibrating. When they are closed they are __________________
adducted
The area between the hard palate and the teeth is called the ________________. It is used in the articulation of many speech sounds.
alveolar ridge
The ______________is the part of a hearing aid that increases the intensity of the sound according to the person's individual audiogram.
amplifier
You observe a therapy session where the clinician and child are talking while they build with play dough. The clinician designed an activity to make sure the client talked. The child is so engrossed in the play scheme that he says 5 words in 10 minutes, each of which were yes/no responses to the clinician's questions. The clinician has implemented _____________________use of __________________role of speaking
an inappropriate ; the client's
If the brain is deprived of oxygen, a person can be said to have experienced __________________.
anoxia
An important milestone that occurs at about six months of age is ____.
appearance of childs babbling
During an evaluation your client demonstrated 3 errors in a speech sample. They were: f/th in the word bath (baf for bath) b/v in the word vacuum (bacuum for vacuum) w/r in the word really (weally for really). You determined that the child could make the sounds, but didn't do so correctly in these words. This child is likely demonstrating __________________disorder.
articulation disorder
A person who was born with a cleft palate would have difficulties within the __________system.
articulation/resonation
The vocal folds are attached to the _________________at the BACK of the larynx
arytenoids
When a person's pinna or external auditory canal is missing or narrowed, the person may be diagnosed with ___________.
atresia
You begin an otoscopic exam and realize that your client's ear canal hasn't formed. There is no opening. You document that your client has ___________.
atresia
The chart/graph that is used to visual plot a person's hearing acquity at different volumes/pitches is called an ____________.
audiogram
Consider the role of an Audiologist and/or a Speech Language Pathologist......which professional works with clients to perform air conduction and bone conduction testing to evaluate hearing at different pitches/volumes in order to make recommendations for amplification/surgery.
audiology
A ______________loss is the most common form of hearing impairment.
sensori-neural
A reduction of hearing sensitivity produced by disorders of the cochlea and/or the auditory nerve fibers of the vestibulocochlear (cranial VIII) nerve is referred to as _____________________ hearing loss.
sensori-neural
The_______________nerves control the voluntary movements of the body
somatic
Cluttering differs from stuttering in that ____.
stuttering involves repetitions and cluttering changes rate & structures
A child you are evaluating presents says "tick" instead of "kick." The error in this word reveals a ___________________.
substitution
Thyroid
tension on vocal folds and raises pitch
Cerebellum
the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
One early development of language FORM is measured by a child's use of words and word endings, which allows their average sentence length to be longer. This measurement is the ____.
the average number of morphemes a child uses per utterance
corpus callosum
the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
cricoid
the ring-shaped cartilage of the larynx.
The landmark that separates the outer ear structures from the middle ear structures is ____.
the tympanic membrane
The cartilage that contains the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple) is the ___________________.
thyroid
The vocal folds attach in the front at the _________and in the back at the ________.
thyroid cartilage ; arytenoid cartilage
A person who is born with a moderate conductive hearing loss, who elects to use hearing aids and American Sign Language to communicate with peers could be described as using ____________.
total communication
ASHA's Code of Ethics outlines the clinical decision making process for clinical practice. Clinicians that do not follow the Code can receive financial penalties, and lose their CCCs .
true
Hearing is the foundation for the development of speech and language.
true
Individuals with a fluency disorder often have associated psychosocial behaviors as well.
true
The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration
true
When a person has hearing loss in only one ear, they have a _____________loss.
unilateral
During exhalation, the diaphragm is moving ____________________.
upward
Larynx
voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
The majority of very young children who produce speech disfluencies ____.
will overcome stuttering through maturation
Which of the following is an example of covert stuttering behavior?
word avoidance
motor strip
band running down the side of the frontal lobe that controls all bodily movements- L>R R>L
sensory strip
band running down the side of the parietal lobe that registers and provides all sensation L>R R>L
The greatest amplification for a hearing loss is likely to be found in a ____.
behind the ear aid
The greatest amplification for a hearing loss without surgery is likely to be found in a ____.
behind the ear aid
The auditory cortex is located in ____.
both the left and right temporal lobes
The Central Nervous System is comprised of the _______and the spinal cord
brain
Sound impulses leave the cochlea via the auditory nerve and travel to the _________________
brainstem
The occurrence of "disfluencies" in speech ____.
can be normal at any age
Another name for ear wax is ____, which is located in the ____.
cerumen, outer ear
The device that is surgically implanted into a person's ear and uses electrodes to transfer sound into a digital signal that the brain can recognize is a ___________________
cochlear implant
There are four main purposes of therapy interventions. When a clinician attempts to teach the client ways to manage the problems and cope more successfully with the impairments (using notes, calendars etc). The clinician is operating under the purpose of __________________the diagnosis
compensating
A reduction in hearing sensitivity because of a disorder of the outer or middle ear is referred to as ________________ hearing loss.
conductive
A perforated eardrum of the left ear would result in a ____.
conductive hearing loss
Which type of hearing loss has the possibility of being correctable (fixable)?
conductive hearing loss
This type of hearing loss may not be permanent
conductive loss
A person who was born with deafness (in both ears) due to malformed cochleas has a/an ____ hearing loss.
congenital; sensorineural
Wernicke's area
controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
The structure that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain is the __________________
corpus callosum
When testing a person's hearing, two acoustic parameters are evaluated by the audiologist, loudness and frequency. The unit of measure for loudness is ____, and the unit of measure for frequency is ____.
dB, Hz
The worldview of the ____________community uses a medical model and prescribes to the concept that a sensori-neural hearing loss should be improved to allow access to language.
deaf
You are born with a malformation of your cochleas. Due to your difficulties in accessing oral language, your parents elected to pursue a cochlear implant and the therapies required to teach you to listen/speak the oral language. Your parents embraced the ________________culture.
deaf
Thyrohyoid
depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
The ________________lobe is responsible for all of our executive functions.
frontal
The motor strip is ANTERIOR to the _____________________lobe
frontal
You are looking Susie directly in the eyes. Susie's ___________________lobe is the nearest to you.
frontal
A 10 year old male with an fluency disorder of unknown origin has a/an ____ communication disorder.
functional
A person with a hearing loss may have difficulty hearing sounds like "s" and "sh" because these sounds are _________________________.
hz; pitch
If you were to experience dizziness and nausea during your space shuttle flight, it is quite likely that the problem originates ____.
in your middle ear
When a clinician makes a judgement about the client's speech and determines how easily they are understood, the therapist is noting the child's ___________________.
intelligibility of speech
Which of these listed below is NOT a stuttering warning sign?
interjections
Why do severely hearing-impaired speakers often show a voice/resonance disorder?
lack of auditory feedback
Frontal lobe
largest and is responsible for higher brain functions such as concentration, reasoning and judgement, it also contains the brocas area which has motor speech control
The hyoid bone is part of the ____, and the lungs are part of the ____.
laryngeal system, respiratory system
At what age do we typically expect children to begin using single words?
12 months
The age range for the onset of stuttering (chronic or disfluency like) in children is ____.
2-5yrs
The intensity of sound is perceived as _________________
loudness
occipital lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
When the glottis is open, the vocal folds are ________________-
Abducted
Trachea
Allows air to pass to and from lungs
temporal lobe
An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information, contains wernikes area for language processing
Which of the consonants listed below CANNOT be articulated correctly if the soft palate (velum) is raised?
m as in mike
The part of ASHA that governs the educational requirements of students and determines the content that is taught at universities is the__________
CAA
This part of ASHA that governs the clinical requirements of students by mandating the knowledge, skills, and area of clinical practice that must be mastered is the
CFCC
The certification that is available through ASHA is the _________
Certificate of Clinical Competence
An audiologist determines that a client has a malformed outer and middle ear on the left side, resulting in a _____________loss. Testing reveals a working cochlea on the left side. Based on this information, the audiologist may select a __________________to improve the client's hearing.
Conductive: In the ear
Broca's area
Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
You are looking at an audiogram with a client. The client asks you to explain what the symbol on the 75 line means. You explain that the 75 represents _____and is perceived as ______.
Db; loudness
The worldview of the _________community uses a social model and believes that a person with a severe/profound sensori-neural hearing loss knows their own requirements and limitations and, therefore, does not have a disability.
Deaf
You are born with an aural atresia of the outer and middle ear. Due to difficulties in accessing oral language, your parents elected to teach you American Sign Language for your primary mode of communication. Your parents embraced the __________culture.
Deaf
The superior portion of the larynx that provides airway protection during a swallow is the ___________________
Epiglottis
hyoid bone
a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.
Epiglottis
a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
While doing paperwork, the clinician writes "To be discharged from therapy, Sally will demonstrate the ability to produce all phonemes (sounds) appropriate for her age during conversational speech. " This is an example of ________________
a goal
Which of the following describes one "manner" of articulation?
fricative
The sounds of "th, f, v" all have something in common Their common feature is that they are all ______________.
fricatives
There are four main purposes of therapy interventions. When a clinician attempts to "fix" the problems so that the client can demonstrate normal communication skills and the ability to learn additional skills independently. The clinician is operating under the purpose of __________________the diagnosis
eliminating
In writing therapy goals/objectives. The SLP would likely use 3/4 of the purposes of therapy. Which one is NOT always a reasonable purpose of therapy for an individual with a fluency disorder?
elimination
Many children have ear infections because the ______________ tube in their ear didn't clear all of the fluid.
eustacian
The central nervous system (CNS) communicates messages between the brain and the body
false
The corpus callosum connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
false
The respiratory cycle (inhalation/exhalation) is consistently represented as a 50/50 grading of air movement.
false
Therapy techniques that SLPs use to enhance fluency include: rhythmic movements of the head, hands, and/or feet.
false
There are 8 pairs of muscles that control respiration
false
Which of the following is NOT a prelinguistic behavior?
first words
