intro test bank block 1
The first trained nurse in the United states graduated in 1873 and later became the supervisor of the Boston Training School. Who was this nurse?
Linda Richards
During the Great Depression, staffing of hospitals changed with an impact lasting to the current day. What was this change?
The employment of graduate nursing in hospitals
One of the characteristics of a profession identified by Kelly was "there is an organization that encourages and supports high standards of practice." Which of the following illustrates a concern for nursing meeting this characteristic?
The membership of the ANA is less than 10% of all nurses.
Which of the following was an unsuccessful attempt by the American Medical Association (AMA) to alleviate the nursing shortage of the time?
creation of the registered care technician
A nursing students asks, " Why do I have to go to clinical in obstetrics when I know I'll never work with women and children?'" In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student?
stage II: negativity/independence
A nursing student says, "I can now see how developing care plans helps organize my thoughts and patient care." In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student?
stage III: dependence/ mutuality
A nursing student asks, "Since I work as a nurse technician in psychiatric nursing, may I spend part of my clinical rotation with a psychiatric home visiting nurse?" In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student?
stage IV: interdependence
Which of the following is an example of formal socialization into the profession of nursing?
starting an intravenous (IV) line in the stimulation laboratory under faculty guidance.
cohen stage 2
students begin to question authority figures versus accepting the patient assignment without questioning
cohen stage 1
students rely on external controls, and teachers, absorbing information given by faculty.
Black illustrates concepts of preventing burnout by using the example of a flight attendant instructing persons to "put your own oxygen mask on first." What does this statement mean?
taking care of yourself will enable you to be a better nurse
A new graduate nurse is in the fifth week of working on a busy surgical unit. The nurse tells a friend about witnessing some patient care that was "appalling." What should the nurse do?
talk to the other nurses involved in the situation about the concerns
Which of the following is an example of Henderson's definition of nursing?
teaching a person with frequent constipation about high fiber foods
The major benefit of serving as a military nurse is
the financial support to seek advanced degrees
the racial and ethnic composition of the nursing profession will change to more accurately reflect the population as a whole when
the increased number of racial and ethnic minorities enrolled in educational programs begin to practice
A nursing student is complaining about writing care plans. Which response by the faculty is best to help the student see the importance of this activity ?
the nursing process is a way to systemically think about and use patient data
which of the following is a correct statement about the registered nurse population?
the rate of aging RNs has slowed for the first time in the past 30 years.
Which of the following statements explains why the school nurse of today is truly a community health nurse?
the school nurse may be called onto care for a students family members in underserved areas
the legal definition of nursing for any particular state can be found in
the state's nurse practice act
cohen stage 3
the student has better critical thinking skills at stage 3
cohen stage 4
the student has learned to make decisions in collaboration with others.
Nursing practices during the civil war advanced the cause of professional nursing. The move toward formal education and training was supported by
- A proposal by dr. Samuel gross in 1869 that large hospitals develop training school for nurses -reports of inadequate conditions in hospitals reported by social reformers after the civil war -lobbying by the United States Sanitary Commission for the creation of nursing schools -the appointment of Doretha dix as Superintendent of Women Nurses of the (union) Army.
scholars have defined "profession" through the years. Which of the following were identified as common major characteristics according to scholars?
-It is based on a body of knowledge that can be learned -it has a service orientation -professionals control their own practice and settings
over the last two decades a number of organizations issued reports identifying changes needed in nursing education to prepare nurses for practice in the 21st century. Which of the following suggestions were included in these reports?
- recruitment of students and faculty to reflect the multicultural nature of society -increased informatics training to improve access to information -curricula emphasizing interdisciplinary teamwork and collaberation
Why is accreditation of nursing education programs so important?
-It assures students that their educational program is offering quality education. -acceptance into graduate programs in nursing depends on graduation from an accredited program -it serves as stimulus for programs to initiate periodic self examination and self improvement
Florence Nightingale established a school of Nursing based on these innovative principles?
-The nursing school should be affiliated with a teaching hospital but independent of it -professional nurses should be paid for their instruction in the school. - The curriculum should include theory and practical experience
an important aspect of professionalism is collegiality. Which of the following demonstrates collegiality?
-assisting a nurse researcher with data collection related to measuring stress levels in hospitalized children -participating in weekly patient care conferences with physicians, social workers, and other therapists -serving as a preceptor to a nurse completing a refresher course to reactivate her nursing license
Provisions of the Affordable Care Act include
-children up to age 26 being allowed to stay on parents insurance -disallowing denial of coverage for children and teens preexisting conditions -the right to appeal coverage decisions -recommended preventative services without out of pocket cost to consumers
A definition of nursing is essential because it
-differentiates nursing from other health occupations -guides educational preparation and theory development -helps state nurse practice acts reflect the changing role of nurses -clarifies the purposes and functions of the nurses
hospice and palliative care nursing is a rapidly developing specialty in nursing. which facts have contributed to this growth?
-end of life care is largely the responsibility of nurses -end of life needs are expected to increase with the aging population -hospice and palliative care nurses work in a variety of settings
nurses recognize which of the following about health
-health is relative and everchanging -multiple interventions are necessary to change health behaviors -unhealthy behaviors may persist in spite of increased knowledge
the clinical nurse specialist
-manage an impatient nursing unit -develop educational programs for nursing staff -conduct practice outcomes research
Which of the following behaviors of a student indicate that the student has taken responsibility for his or her own professional socialization?
-projecting a professional appearance in class -taking responsibility to learn the expectations of the faculty in each course -accepting constructive criticism without becoming defensive
Which factors contribute to threatening the current and future supply of nurses?
-seventy five percent of current faculty may retire over the next decade -faculty vacancies are having an impact on large numbers of schools
which is true regarding the Woodhull study on Nursing?
-the study focused on 20,000 printed articles -17 students and 3 faculty members ran the study
Historically, one solution that attempted to correct the shortage of RNs was to increase the supply of nurses. Means of increasing the supply of nursing included
-use of travel nurses -development of associate degree programs -importation of nurses from English speaking countries
A recent trend in nursing has been an increase in the number of men and women with degrees in other fields or other careers applying to Nursing programs. What is the single most important reason for this trend?
A nursing career provides both job security and meaningful employment
which of the following best describes the difference between an occupation and a profession?
A profession requires a duty to serve
All levels of nursing educational programs can be accredited by which organization?
Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)
The nurse is interviewing the mother of a school aged child. The mother states that their family consists of herself, her son, a female friend, and two foster children. One grandparent lives in another city, and one lives within two blocks of them. As the nurse works with this family, what implication is important to include?
As an extended family, all the children will receive attention from several adults
Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that would later become a model for early nursing education?
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale is often credited as being the first nurse researcher. This designation is based on:
Her use of data on the morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals in Scutari.
Which early nursing theorist defined nursing in interpersonal terms by stating that nursing is a significant, therapeutic, and interpersonal process?
Hildegard Peplau
Which statement by an obese individual could be assessed as perceiving self- efficacy?
I believe I can stay on this diet as long as necessary
Which early nursing organization is credited with first recommending state registration for nurses?
ICN - The International Council of Nurses
Which of the following nursing leaders, because of her work in the henry street settlement, is considered the founder of public Health Nursing?
Lillian Wald
What was the purpose of the hill burton Act?
It established funding for the construction of hospitals. The 1946 Hill-Burton Act provided funding for the construction of hospitals.
which of the following is true about bachelors of science in Nursing (BSN) education?
It is recommended by professional organizations as preparation for entry into practice.
Despite the caring efforts of early public health nurses in the Henry Street Settlement, racial disparity left many people underserved. Which of the following African-American public health nurses was instrumental in providing excellent nursing care to underserved families despite these social challenges?
Jessie Sleet Scales
In 2002 which major American corporation partnered with nursing to design a media campaign to promote the image of nursing?
Johnson and Johnson
which of the following nursing leaders is credited with being one of the earliest nursing educators in the world?
Mary adelaide Nutting
who was the first educated African American professional nurse?
Mary eliza mahoney
Which of the following best describes trends in nursing education?
Numbers of RNs with bachelors and higher degrees are increasing
Which one of the following events occurring during the first decade of the 20th century brought sweeping changes to nursing?
Nurses had to pass a licensing examination to use the title RN
What was the most important influence of war on nursing?
Nurses were able to perform medical procedures during war
A nursing student says to the clinical faculty, " I know I will be able to care for this patient given your directions." In which stage of Cohens model of professional socialization is this student.
Stage 1: unilateral dependence
Which of the following is a part of the history of doctoral education in nursing?
The nurse scientist program was discontinued after more universities began offering doctoral programs in Nursing
Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago Worlds Fair of 1893 became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States ?
The organization today known as the NLN was formed to address issues in nursing education
which of the following is true of open systems?
The whole is greater than the sum of all its parts
Which type of basic nursing education program graduates the largest number of RNs in the United States today?
associate degree programs
Which American University opened the first nursing school as a separate department within the university?
Yale
Which of the following are considered systems?
automobile engine person hospital family
according to the nurses's code of ethics, the hallmark of nursing practice is
accountability
Which of the following characteristics of a profession were listed in Flexner's work on professions?
activities of professions are based on their own body of knowledge
despite the variety of work settings available to the RN, data indicate that the primary work for RN is
acute care hospitals
A mother asks the nurse if her 5 year old can visit his twin brother in the PICU after cardiac surgery. The nurse denies the request because hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit in the PICU but suggests that the mother visit with the child in the visitors lounge and talk to him about what is happening with his brother. This illustrates which stage of Benner's stages of nursing proficiency?
advanced beginner
In 2004, the AACN proposed a new doctoral degree, the doctor of nursing practice (DNP). What is the focus of the DNP degree in nursing?
advanced clinical practice
one important advantage of clinical ladder programs for hospital based RNs is that they
allow career advancement for nurses who choose to remain at the bedside
preparation is a component that separates occupations from professions. Which of the following is the best way that a nurse demonstrates preparation for the profession?
articulates the values of caring and compassion in patient centered care
A nurse is assessing a patients level of social support. How can the nurse best determine the adequacy of the patients social support system?
asking for the patients perception of support
A nurse is caring for a new mother from southeast Asia. The nurse is concerned that except for breastfeeding, the mother allows her mother in law to provide all other care for the baby. The plan of care and patient teaching for this mother should include:
assessing the postpartum practices in her country of origin
Which of the following is an example of Orem's self-care theory?
assisting a disoriented patient with a bath
A homeless man sleeps on a park bench and eats one meal a day at a shelter. Which is the lowest level of Maslow's basic needs he does not meet?
basic physiologic needs
Which of the following illustrates an effective strategy for a registered nurse student returning for a Bachelor's of science in nursing (BSN)?
be open to information that does not seem to be readily applicable to your current position.
Bandura's theory of self-efficacy described people's response to health related behaviors. Which of the following is a major premise of this theory?
belief in self as having the ability to improve health is important in changing health behaviors
Which of the following is a primary reason for the initial slow growth of bachelor's degree nursing programs in the united states
belief that hands on training received in hospital based programs was superior to the theoretical focused content in bachelor's degree programs
Which of the following is considered objective data obtained from the patient?
blood pressure
critical thinking in nursing needs to include which of the following important variables?
consideration of ethics and responsible decision making
NPs are advanced practice nurses who
can diagnose and treat common and chronic conditions
Which of the following is the primary distinction between licensure and certification?
certification validates a high level of proficiency
To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American Red Cross?
clara barton
The document that provides professional standards and a framework for professional decision making that ensures decisions are made with the highest integrity is the
code of ethics
which of the following nursing roles is not considered a advanced practice role?
community health nurse
A mother ask the nurse if her 5 year old can visit his twin brother in the PICU after cardiac surgery. The nurse knows that hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit in the PICU. After considering the needs of the patient and his brother, the nurse suggest that the brother can visit for 5 minutes. This illustrates which of Benner's stages of Nursing proficiency?
competent practitioner
The nurse observes a patient lying rigidly in bed and making shallow breaths. The patient reports a pain score of 4 out of 5 and says, "my leg hurts". The nurse determines that the objective and subjective data are
congruent and support that the patient is in pain
The nursing profession is responsible for improving its own image. The most effective avenue for changing the image of nursing is to
have nurses appear and behave professionally and explain what nurses do in each patient interaction
Faith community nursing (FCN) was founded on which of the following premises?
spiritual health is central to a persons well being
The Goldmark Report focused on what aspect of nursing?
desirability of establishing schools of nursing with academic settings
The single most important reason for the decline in the number of hospital based diploma programs was
diploma education's position outside the mainstream of higher education
The earliest type of formal nursing education program was the
diploma program
The purpose of mandatory continuing education for license renewal is to
ensure that nurses remain up to date in knowledge
A patients spouse and son were recently killed in an automobile accident, and the patients position in a large company has been eliminated due to cooperate reorganization. The patient states, "I do not think I can handle this." The nurse could safely assume that:
environmental factors may have a negative impact of this person's health.
an adult has difficulty initiating a conversation, and in working with others always agrees with them because "My opinion is not important." Which of Maslow's basic needs is not being met by this person?
esteem needs
The diversity of the population entering the health care system is a challenge for nurses because
ethnic minority nurses do not yet meet the same proportions in the profession as the general population
Which of the following is most essential for the nurse entrepreneur to be successful?
excellent time management skills
A 5 year old with a twin brother is admitted to the PICU after cardiac surgery. Hospital policy does not allow individuals younger than 12 years of age to visit the PICU. The nurse recognizes the needs of the patient and his brother and suggest that the mother brings her son to visit his brother briefly in the afternoon when the unit is usually quiet. This illustrates which of Brenner's stages of nursing proficiency?
expert practitioner
What is the purpose of articulated models or systems for nursing education?
facilitating opportunities for nurses to move up the educational ladder with ease
A barrier to professionalism attributed to nursing's roots in altruism is illustrated when a nurse?
feels guilty for expecting to be paid well for work
what were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs in the 1900s?
female, sensitive, and subservient
Which early nursing theorist recognized therapeutic milieu, assessment skills, and a unique body of knowledge in her definition of nursing?
florence nightengale
What is an advantage of the holistic view of health valued by nurses?
focusing on the interrelationship of all parts of a whole person.
dynamic balance between systems and their parts is called
homeostasis
Which of the following is the primary focus of Healthy people 2020?
improving the health of communities
Family structures have experienced change in the second half of the 20th century. What is the most dramatic difference seen in families today?
increased incidence of single- parent families
Benner describes five stages of nursing proficiency as students develop into expert nurses. Which of the following is not a stage of development described by Benner?
inexpert beginner
one important advantage of the of nursing informatics is that
informatics nurses are best able to design systems with the needs and skills of nurses who use them in mind
which of the following is a characteristic of an accomplished critical thinker?
inquisitiveness
Which of the following is believed about the concept of locus of control?
internally controlled people see themselves as responsible for their health and amenable to change
Which of the following is an important advantage of distance learning?
it allows access to adult learners who are geographically unable to participate in a traditional classroom setting
The process of professionalism of an occupation typically follows a pattern of developmental stages. One of the stages is collective identity. Which of the following is an example of collective identity?
legal right to practice profession to protect unique skills from outsiders
A major challenge to full autonomy for nurses is
lobbyists for the American Medical association (AMA) and hospital associations
the nursing process is an example of which of the following branches of philosophy?
logic
Which of the following describes one of the five levels of human needs identified by Maslow?
love and belonging
A school aged child with spina bifida uses a wheelchair, attends school, and is actively involved in Scouting and science club. This child is meeting which of Maslow's basic needs?
love and belonging needs
Similarities exist between various ideas about what constitutes a profession. Which of the following is believed to be a characteristic of a profession?
members have autonomy
A component that separates occupations from professions is commitment. Which of the following is the best way that nurses can show commitment to each other?
mentoring nursing students and novice nurses
Which person or organization is credited with developing the model of associate degree nursing education?
mildred montag
Which recommendation made by the 1965 American Nurses Association (ANA) position paper and other position papers of national nursing organizations is still an issue today?
minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the BSN degree
Which of the following was recognized earliest as a true profession?
ministry historically only medicine, law, and ministry were accepted as professions
Which of the following could eventually change the historical status of nursing as a female- dominated profession?
more male graduates of basic nursing programs entering the workplace
in the 1900s the primary reason for hospital based nursing education programs was to
staff the hospitals that operated the education programs
A mother asks the nurse if her 5 year old can visit his twin brother in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after cardiac surgery. The nurse denies the request because hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit the PICU. This illustrates which of Benner's stages of nursing proficiency?
novice
When surveyed, which profession was chosen by the general public as highest in honesty and ethics?
nurse
which of the following is an example of informal socialization into a profession?
nurses discussing a patient care issue in the presence of other nurses
Which of the following recommendations resulting from the 1934 study Nursing schools today and tomorrow still has relevance today?
nurses should be highly educated
Which of the following guiding principles helps explain nursing's holistic approach?
nursing care considers mid, body, and spirit
A shift in population growth is expected to place stress on nursing resources. Which age group is expected to experience the greatest population growth in the next decade?
older than 85 years of age
What has been found about the outcomes of patients cared for in hospitals with a higher percentage of BSN-prepared nurses as compared to patients in hospitals with a lower percentage of BSN-prepared nurses?
outcomes were better in hospitals with more BSN prepared nurses
The clinical nurse leader (CNL) is a recently proposed role. The responsibilities of the person in this role include which of the following?
oversee and manage care delivery in specific settings
Which of the following is considered subjective data in information gathering from the patient?
pain
Which of the following strategies may help to overcome reality shock in the novice nurse?
participating in a preceptorship
A nursing student asks a faculty member how to improve critical thinking. Which response by the faculty is best?
pay close attention to how you solve problems; assess you own style of thinking.
Which of the following is true of Maslow's basic need of self actualization?
people use their abilities to the fullest extent possible and are true to their nature
An adult wears a helmet when riding a bicycle because he believes that his cycling skills might not prevent an accident, which could result in a head injury with serious consequences. Which component of the health beliefs model is this person demonstrating?
perception of vulnerability to head injury from a bicycle accident
Which of the following is the World Health Organization's definition of "health"?
physical, mental, and social well being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity
Which of the following statements is correct about community health nursing?
prevention and community education are the cornerstones of CHN
Which of the following statements describes the purpose of the nursing process?
process used to identify and solve patient problems
A mother asks the nurse if her 5 year old can visit his twin brother in the PICU after cardiac surgery. The nurse knows that the hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit in the PICU. The nurse grants the request. This illustrates which of Benner's stages of nursing proficiency?
proficient beginner
Which of the following trends in health care delivery that began in the second half of the 20th century continues today?
provision of care to the poor, elderly, and disabled through Medicare and Medicaid
What specialty of Nursing was considered well suited for men at a time when other areas were excluding men from practicing?
psychiatric nursing
How can nurses contribute to a healthier environment?
recommending the purchase of non-disposable products when possible
A nurse observes a new graduate nurse being harassed by co-workers when asking questions or requesting help. What action by the nurse is best?
respectfully confront the staff and explain that this behavior is not apart of nursing
Margaret Sanger, as a nurse and activist, worked on the Lower East Side of New York City in the early 1900s with immigrant women. What was the focus of her work?
safe contraception and family planning for women
An 18 month old child has been in three foster homes within the past nine months. When the child is seen for a well-child visit, the nurse notices that the child vigilantly watches everyone. This child may not have which of Maslow's basic needs met?
safety needs
The 1948 Brown report recommended which of the following?
schools of nursing should be located in institutions of higher learning
What was the most significant impact on the profession of nursing made by Mary Breckenridge in her role as a frontier nurse?
she demonstrated that nurses could provide primary care in rural settings
When surveyed, what is the primary reason given by men for entering nursing?
to make a difference
biomedical technology involves the use of complex machines or devices in patient care situations. Because of the highly technological environment in which nurses work, it is important that nurses
use human touch and words of reassurance frequently to convey caring
The nursing profession has experienced barriers to professionalism. Which of the following is the primary current barrier to nursing's professionalism?
variability of educational backgrounds of nurses
Who is credited with developing the theory on systems?
von bertalanffy
