Intro to Pharm

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking diphenhydramine for insomnia and reports drowsiness. The nurse should identify that drowsiness indicates which of the following? A) therapeutic effect B) adverse reaction C) contraindication D) precaution

A) therapeutic effect Drowsiness is a therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine for a client who is taking the drug to treat insomnia

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of renal insufficiency and is taking lithium. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following? A) tolerance to the drug B) drug interaction C) drug toxicity D) dependence on the drug

C) drug toxicity Drug toxicity develops when the amount of a drug that is taken is greater than its rate of excretion, and it results in the drug accumulating in the body. A client who has renal insufficiency might have delayed or impaired excretion of the drug. The drug dosage should be reduced if toxicity occurs.

A nurse is caring for a client who is newly admitted to the facility for chest pain. At which of the following times should the nurse begin teaching about drugs and discharge planning? A) after the client has a definitive diagnosis B) on the day of discharge C) when the client's family members are present D) as soon as possible

D) as soon as possible Instruction should start at the beginning of care and when the client is receptive to learning

A nurse is caring for a client who arrived at an emergency department following a bee sting. Which of the following findings indicates an anaphylactic reaction? (Select all that apply) -low BP -wheezing -bradycardia -peripheral edema -difficulty swallowing

-low BP -wheezing -difficulty swallowing

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a drug. After receiving the first dose of the drug, the client experiences anaphylaxis. The nurse should identify that anaphylaxis represents which of the following results? A) adverse effect B) paradoxical effect C) therapeutic effect D) toxicity

A) adverse effect Adverse effects are the unintended and unexpected effects of a drug which can range from mildly annoying to life-threatening.

When reviewing a list of drugs in a drug handbook, a nurse can identify the generic name for a drug in which of the following ways? A) it begins with a lower-case letter B) it is listed in parentheses along with the trade name C) there are both letters and numbers in the name D) the chemical name is listed in parentheses before the generic name

A) it begins with a lower-case letter Generic names are not capitalized. The brand, or trade name, is a drug's commercial name and it is capitalized

A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty remembering to take their prescribed drug TID. The nurse should identify that which of the following alternate forms of the drug can help promote adherence to the prescribed dosage? A) liquid suspension B) immediate-release capsule C) extended release tablet D) powder form

C) extended release tablet Extended-release tablets release the drug over an extended period of time. Clients can take them less frequently.

A nurse is caring for a client who is postpartum and breastfeeding. The client asks the nurse about the effects of taking OTC drugs will have on the baby. Which of the following should the nurse consider when recommending drugs? (Select all that apply) -baby's weight -amount of breast milk the baby consumes each day -whether or not the benefits outweigh the risks -properties of the drug -route of administration

-baby's weight -amount of breast milk the baby consumes each day -whether or not the benefits outweigh the risks -properties of the drug

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking acetaminophen and codeine for pain relief. These analgesic drugs interact with one another to cause an additive effect. The nurse should identify that whihc of the following are characteristics of additive drug interactions (select all that apply) -clients can achieve desired effects with lower dosage -taking the two drugs together can reduce the effects of one or both drugs -taking the two drugs together can potentiate the effects of one or both

-clients can achieve desired effects with lower dosage -both drugs have similar actions

A nurse is preparing to teach a client how to take care of a newly created colostomy. The nurse should identify that which of the following factors can decrease the client's ability to learn? (Select all that apply) -impaired cognitive level -language barrier -discomfort -repetition of teaching -unreadiness to learn

-impaired cognitive level -language barrier -discomfort -unreadiness to learn

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for a drug with a high potential for toxicity. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply) -periodic lab tests are essential to measure serum drug levels -monitoring for indications of toxicity is important -taking the drug with an inducing agent will increase the possibility of toxicity -taking the smallest effective dose is crucial -increase fluid intake is recommended to avoid toxic

-periodic lab tests are essential to measure serums drug levels -monitor for indications of toxicity is important -taking the smallest effective dose is crucial

A nurse is caring for a client who was prescribed an antidepressant based on its ability to prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitters. The nurse should identify that which of the following terms describes why this drug was prescribed for the client? A) pharmacologic action B) chemical stability C) route D) adverse effect

A) pharmacologic action The nurse should identify that the mechanism of action of a drug on the body to achieve the desired effect is referred to as pharmacologic action.

A nurse is reviewing drugs in a drug reference. The nurse should identify that drugs in the same class share which of the following similarities? A) they have similar mechanisms of actions B) they have the same half-life C) they are administered by the same route D) they have similar availability

A) they have similar mechanisms of action Drugs in the same class often share similar mechanisms of action, as well as assessment guidelines, interactions, and precautions.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for a drug that has a receptor agonist effect. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A) this will increase the effects of normal cellular functions B) this prevents cells in your body from performing certain actions C) this prevents hormones in your body from attaching to cell receptor sites D) this minimizes the risk that the medications you take will become toxic

A) this will increase the effects of normal cellular functions Agonist drugs bind to cell receptors in the body and are targeted to a specific type of receptor. When they attach to the receptors, they perform the same action as a hormone or chemical would, increasing the effects of that hormone or chemical.

A nurse is preparing to administer a drug to a client. In which of the following sections of a drug handbook should the nurse look to determine if the client can receive the drug? A) adverse effects B) contraindications C) implementation D) black box warning

B) contraindications The nurse should review the contraindications section in the drug handbook to determine if a client can receive the drug. This section lists pre-existing diseases or clinical situations that could make it unsafe to administer a drug.

A nurse is preparing to administer a drug to a client. In which of the following sections of a drug handbook should the nurse look to determine if the drug has more than one use? A) adverse effects B) indications C) pharmacokinetics D) nursing implications

B) indications This section provides information on conditions and diseases for which the drug is used

A nurse is reviewing a drug handbook prior to administering a drug to a client who has kidney disease. The handbook states that the drug can be administered but identifies certain risks. Which of the following terms describes these risks? A) contraindications B) precautions C) paradoxical effects D) adverse effects

B) precautions A precaution includes disease states, such as kidney disease, or clinical situations in which use of a drug involves particular risks or dosage modifications might be necessary.

A nurse is preparing to teach a client about a newly prescribed drug. Prior to providing teaching, the nurse should review the precautions section of the handbook for which of the following reasons? A) to determine drug-food interactions B) to determine if dosage modification is indicated C) to determine how the drug is absorbed D) to determine availability

B) to determine if dosage modification is indicated The precautions section includes diseases or clinical situations in which drug use involves particular risks or dosage modification might be necessary.

A nurse obtaining a clients health history. The client reports no allergies but has experienced mild itching while taking amoxicillin in the past. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A) itching is an expected adverse effect of amoxicillin B) itching can indicate amoxicillin toxicity C) itching can indicate a hypersensitivity to amoxicillin D) itching can result from dry skin, which is often caused by amoxicillin

C) itching can indicate a hypersensitivity to amoxicillin Itching can be an indication of drug hypersensitivity, and a more severe reaction can develop with future exposures. The client might be allergic to amoxicillin and other penicillins.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving nitroglycerin IV and is switching to the oral form of the drug. The nurse should identify that the oral dose will be higher than the IV dose for which of the following reasons? A) IV form crosses blood-brain barrier B) oral form has decreased half-life C) oral form has decreased bioavailability because of the first-pass effect D) oral form has increased rate of excretion

C) oral form has decreased bioavailability because of the first-pass effect Oral doses are often larger than IV doses of the same drug because of the first-pass effect by the liver, which reduces the bioavailability of the drug. Enzymes in the liver metabolize drugs, making less of the drug available for use by the body.

A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of digoxin. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A) adverse effects are the intended effects B) adverse effects indicate a severe allergy to the medication C) decrease your medication dose if adverse effects occur D) contact your provider if adverse effects occur

D) contact your provider if adverse effects occur Adverse effects can be severe and life-threatening. The client should contact their provider if adverse effects occur.

A nurse is teaching a client about naproxen enteric-coated tablets. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A) drug absorption occurs in the stomach B) you should expect immediate absorption of the drug C) you should allow the tablet to dissolve in your mouth D) do not crush or chew the tablet

D) do not crush or chew the tablet Drugs that irritate the stomach are often covered with an enteric coating that does not dissolve until the drug enters the alkaline environment of the small intestine.

A nurse is speaking to a client who is taking sertraline and reports drinking grapefruit juice. The nurse explains that grapefruit juice inhibits an enzyme in the liver that is used to metabolize sertraline. The nurse should recognize the clients risk for which of the following? A) reduce drug absorption B) drug dependence C) altered drug distribution D) drug toxicity

D) drug toxicity Grapefruit juice can cause increased levels of certain drugs, such as sertraline, which can lead to drug toxicity.

A nurse is providing teaching to a pregnant client who is taking captopril, an ACE inhibitor, to treat hypertension. The nurse informs the client that captopril is a teratogenic drug. The nurse should explain that teratogenic drugs can cause which of the following? A) maternal bleeding B) maternal blood clots C) gestational diabetes mellitus D) fetal malformation

D) fetal malformation Teratogenic drugs can cause birth defects. Clients who are pregnant should not take these drugs

A nurse is obtaining a client's health history and discovers that the client takes loratadine, an OTC drug. The nurse should identify which of the following is correct regarding OTC drugs? (Select all that apply) -they do not require supervision -they can interact with other drugs -they should be included in the client's drug history assessment -they are less effective than prescription drugs -they do not cause toxicity

they do not require supervision -they can interact with other drugs -they should be included in the client's drug history assessment