Intro to Pharmacology: Chapters 20-31 chap 20

How long should you wait between puffs of a MDI requiring 2 puffs to complete the dose. 1 minute 5 minutes 10 minutes No wait time is required, take next puff right away.

1 minute

Most beta blockers have names that end in -one -pril -pine -lol

-lol

A patient comes to your office with complaints of decreased blood pressure, headaches, slowed heart rate, and worsening asthma symptoms since starting his new eye drop for glaucoma. The patient is most likely using: A beta-blocking agent such as timolol A cholinergic agent such as pilocarpine A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor such as acetazolamide A prostaglandin agent such as latanoprost

A beta-blocking agent such as timolol

Which of the following is necessary in patient teaching concerning laxative use? Laxatives should not be used by patients with abdominal pain or nausea. Using laxatives to force a bowel movement may result in laxative abuse. Constipation is related to the consistency of stools and should be relieved by laxatives only when absolutely necessary. All of the above are necessary. All of the above are necessary except A.

All of the above are necessary.

Patient teaching regarding gout should include which of the following? Avoid foods high in purines, such as red meats, cheese, and alcohol. Colchicine is the drug of choice for acute gout. Allopurinol is used as a prophylactic for gout. Both b and c should be included. All of the above should be included.

All of the above should be included.

Which of the following is true concerning medications acting on gastrointestinal system tissues? They may increase or decrease function of the tract by changing muscle tone. They may increase or decrease emptying time as foods passes through the stomach or changes the speed of peristalsis. They may relieve enzyme deficiencies. They assist with the absorption of vitamins. All of the above statements are true except for d.

All of the above statements are true except for d.

Which of the following is NOT true of antiplatelet medications? They suppress the clumping of platelets. The most frequently used antiplatelet medication is aspirin. They are effective in preventing myocardial infarctions and strokes. Low doses of aspirin are just as effective as high doses. All of the above statements are true.

All of the above statements are true.

Which of the following is NOT true of hemorheologic agents? They improve the flow of blood and lower the viscosity of blood. They are used to treat peripheral vascular disease. They improve blood flow through arteriosclerotic and atherosclerotic blood vessels. Their side effects include dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting. All of the above statements are true.

All of the above statements are true.

Which of the following is true of oral antiviral agents? Treatment of oral viral infections is palliative. Acyclovir is used for symptomatic relief, such as local pain and encrusted lesions. They may be topical or systemic. Both b and c are true. All of the above statements are true.

All of the above statements are true.

Tetrahydrozoline, used in the OTC brand product Visine Allergy Relief solution, is an example of: An ocular anesthetic A lubrican An ocular decongestant An antiallergenic

An ocular decongestant

Which of the following is true concerning medications acting on gastrointestinal system tissues? They may increase or decrease function of the tract by changing muscle tone. They may increase or decrease emptying time as foods passes through the stomach or changes the speed of peristalsis. They may relieve enzyme deficiencies. They assist with the absorption of vitamins. All of the above statements are true except for d.

Chapter 24 All of the above statements are true except for d.

Cromolyn is for the prophylaxis of asthma.

Chapter 25 True

Please match the medication class on the left with its mechanism of action on the right. Diuretics ACE inhibitors Calcium Channel Blockers Antiadrenergics

Diuretics = cause excretion of sodium and water to decrease blood volume and blood pressure ACE inhibitors = act by dilating arterial blood vessels and decreasing blood volume Calcium Channel Blockers = Relaxes smooth muscle and blood vessels to cause dilation Antiadrenergics = Work on alpha and beta receptors of sympathetic nervous system to dilate blood vessels

Which of the following is NOT true of diuretics? They block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride. They may be used alone or with other medications to treat hypertension. Electrolyte levels are not a problem when using diuretics. They are classified by their action in the nephron of the kidney. All of the above statements are true.

Electrolyte levels are not a problem when using diuretics.

Which of the following is NOT true about skin preparations? Emollients are fatty or oily substances that are used on irritated skin or mucous membranes. Most skin preparations are used on a daily basis. Emollients are always used to soothe and do not contain medications. Lotions are liquids that have an insoluble powder in a suspension used for a soothing effect. Rubs and liniments are for the relief of pain and should be used on intact skin.

Emollients are always used to soothe and do not contain medications.

Medications used for systemic diseases have no ocular side effects.

False

Most topical antiviral medications are applied only once a day.

False

Mucolytics increase the viscosity of respiratory secretions.

False

OTC ophthalmic medications are always safe for use by all people because the FDA has approved the use of these drugs.

False

All of the following medication interact with Ventolin except. Beta blockers MAOIs Amitriptyline Flouroquinolone

Flouroquinolone

Which of the following is NOT true about fluoride treatment? Fluoride comes in mouthwashes, toothpastes, tablets, and solutions. Fluoride products are for the prevention of dental caries. Fluoride products harden tooth enamel. Fluoride products should be used by children who live in areas where water is not adequately fluorinated. Fluoride tablets and solutions may be administered with meals and are better given with food because of the bad taste that follows administration.

Fluoride tablets and solutions may be administered with meals and are better given with food because of the bad taste that follows administration.

During a family picnic, your favorite uncle suddenly looks pale, moist, and has shallow breathing. You know he is diabetic and normally takes insulin. In this case, you are worried that he may be having: Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia Hypothermia Hyperthermia

Hypoglycemia

Which of the following is NOT true of combination OTC products? They may contain medications that are not needed or may contain small amounts of medication that are not effective. If a patient has only a runny nose, a combination product is indicated. They are most commonly used for the common cold. Caffeine is often added to relieve the side effect of drowsiness. Antipyretic-analgesic combination medications should be avoided with viral infections to prevent missing a diagnosis of a secondary bacterial infection.

If a patient has only a runny nose, a combination product is indicated.

Which of the following is NOT true of histamine? It is a chemical found in body tissue that protects against environmental factors. Its greatest concentration is found in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. Its principal action is vascular dilation and contraction of smooth muscles of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. It is not a problem with most upper respiratory inflammatory diseases. Sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and bronchoconstriction are often the result of histamine release.

It is not a problem with most upper respiratory inflammatory diseases.

Which of the following is NOT true about the treatment of hyperlipidemia? Medications are the first line of treatment for hyperlipidemia. Diet modification and exercise are needed in treating hyperlipidemia. Hypolipidemics are used to reduce elevated cholesterol and LDL levels. Hypolipidemics are used to reduce the risk for coronary artery disease. All of the above statements are true.

Medications are the first line of treatment for hyperlipidemia.

Which of the following is NOT true of agents for glaucoma? Agents for glaucoma may be either topical or systemic. Beta-blockers are used to decrease the production of aqueous humor and thus lower intraocular pressure. Miotics allow for the outflow of aqueous humor. Diuretics are often used to lower intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma. Medications used topically in the eye do not have side effects.

Medications used topically in the eye do not have side effects.

Which of the following is NOT true of medications used on the skin? Skin protectives form a film on the skin to prevent maceration and drying. Scabicides and pediculicides contain lindane and Malathion for the treatment of animal parasites such as lice and scabies. Minoxidil is used for baldness, and it should be applied to the hair every 3 days. All household members, including sexual contacts, must be treated at the same time with pediculicides and scabicides. Fluorouracil is used for actinic keratosis and superficial basal cell carcinomas. This medication causes inflammation that is followed by tissue disintergration, necrosis, erosion, ulceration, and healing.

Minoxidil is used for baldness, and it should be applied to the hair every 3 days.

Used therapeutically to lower blood GH levels with acromegaly or gigantism. Thyrotropin Octreotide Oxtocin Iodine

Octreotide

The following agent rapidly diffuses through burns and is effective against bacterial wound invasion. Stelara Sulfamylon Silver sulfadiazine Salicylic acid

Sulfamylon

Which of the following statements is NOT true about treatment of burns? Topical sulfonamides are often used in the treatment of second-degree and third-degree burns. Proteolytic enzymes are used to débride tissues of debris and exudates with burns. Sulfonamides should be placed on tissue before débridement to soften the area, but this treatment has no antibacterial effect. The allied health professional should check for patient drug allergies before applying any medication to a burn. Sulfonamides used with burns are available as a cream form.

Sulfonamides should be placed on tissue before débridement to soften the area, but this treatment has no antibacterial effect.

Which of the following is NOT true about the treatment of diabetes mellitus? Persons with diabetes mellitus may treat the disease with medication only. Some antidiabetic medications delay absorption of glucose in the diet and inhibit glucose produced in the liver without lowering blood glucose levels. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus may need an oral hypoglycemic agent or an antidiabetic drug. Type I diabetes is most frequently treated with exogenous insulin preparations. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus usually secrete some insulin, and treatment may be guided toward increasing the secretion of insulin by the pancreas.

Persons with diabetes mellitus may treat the disease with medication only

Match the drugs on the left with the correct indication on the right. Phazyme Tigan Nupercainal Didrex

Phazyme = Antiflatulent Tigan = Antiemetic Nupercainal = Rectal fissures Didrex = Anorexiant

Match the drugs on the left with there indications on the right. Proteolytic enzymes Minoxidil Antifungals Sulfonamides

Proteolytic enzymes = Debridement of wounds Minoxidil = Alopecia Antifungals = Tinea infections Sulfonamides = Burns and minor wound infections

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of circulatory medications? orthostatic hypotension and urinary frequency bradycardia fatigue, weakness, headaches, and dizziness anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation edema and shortness of breath

edema and shortness of breath

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of circulatory medications? orthostatic hypotension and urinary frequency bradycardia fatigue, weakness, headaches, and dizziness anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation edema and shortness of breath

edema and shortness of breath

Topical anesthetics are found in all of the following forms EXCEPT creams and liquids ointments and gels foams and shampoos aerosol sprays and solutions otic preparations

foams and shampoo

All of the following are true about sulfonylureas EXCEPT they have various times of onset and duration of action are derivatives of sulfonamide antibiotics are insulin-like preparations cause a release of insulin in the pancreas cause hypoglycemia that is more severe in elderly, debilitated, or malnourished patients

are insulin-like preparations

Which of the following is NOT true of anorexiants? They can stand on their own to produce long-term weight loss. They work on the brain to decrease stimulation of the appetite center and produce tolerance in only a short period of time. Short-acting anorexiants usually work for 3 to 4 hours and must be taken before each meal, while long-acting anorexiants last for 12 hours. They may cause insomnia. Their side effects include stimulation of the nervous system, dizziness, euphoria, fatigue, dry mouth, abdominal discomfort, and constipation.

They can stand on their own to produce long-term weight loss.

Which of the following is NOT true of bile acid sequestrants? They bind to bile acids, so cholesterol is excreted in feces. They are used for primary hypercholesterolemia. Their side effects include constipation, indigestion, abdominal pain, headache, gas, and gallstones. They lower cholesterol and LDL. They have little effect on fat-soluble vitamin absorption.

They have little effect on fat-soluble vitamin absorption.

Agents that mimic the sympathetic nervous system bring about pupillary dilation, while cycloplegic agents cause paralysis of the ciliary muscles and prevent accommodation. These medications are used primarily for diagnostic testing.

True

Anticholinesterase agents increase muscle tone.

True

Bisphosphonates are used to prevent fractures.

True

Calcitonin salmon is safe for use because the drug has the same metabolic effects as human calcitonin.

True

Central-acting and direct-acting muscle relaxants are the drugs of choice for muscle spasticity.

True

Cromolyn can be used long-term for the prophylaxis of asthma.

True

Drugs may be used to obtain mydriasis and miosis with ocular examinations and treatment of eye diseases.

True

Medications used in the ear often contain more than one ingredient so that more than one symptom or condition is treated at one time.

True

Nicotinic acid reduces LDL and VLDL levels and raises HDL levels but is limited by its side effects.

True

Suppositories may cause rectal irritation.

True

Symptoms of ototoxicity include tinnitus, loss of balance, and vertigo.

True

TMZ-SMZ is the abbreviation for trimethoprim-sulfonamide.

True

TNF inhibitors bock the immune response to prevent inflammation of joints.

True

The use of colchicine is specific for gout.

True

Thyroid replacement therapy is for treatment of hypothyroidism, not for treatment of obesity or for weight loss.

True

Topical creams and ointments for pediculosis should be applied to the affected area and left on for 12 hours, and then the area should be thoroughly washed.

True

Usually, external ear infections are easily treated.

True

Sources of insulin include which of the following? recombinant DNA derivatives human derivatives poultry a and b all the above

a and b

The goal of arthritis therapy includes all of the following EXCEPT relief of pain, inflammation, and stiffness maintaining joint function preventing deformity to the joint maintaining range of motion curing the disease

curing the disease

Which of the following is an immunosuppressant agents and a DMARD? ibuprofen gold salts penicillamine methotrexate cyclosporine

methotrexate

The side effects of miotics include local infection myopia and blurred vision systemic side effects a and b a, b, and c

myopia and blurred vision

Common side effects of medications for endocrine diseases include all of the following EXCEPT A) headache and nervousness low blood sugar B) no changes in growth and cardiac function C) diarrhea, heartburn, and edema D) Increased appetite, nausea, and weight gain

no changes in growth and cardiac function

Which of the following should not be given to persons with diabetes? Tigan (trimethobenzamide HCl) scopolamine phenothiazines phosphorated carbohydrate solution (Emetrol) promethazine (Phenergan)

phosphorated carbohydrate solution (Emetrol)

Centrally acting muscle relaxants include all of the following EXCEPT carisoprodol (Soma) diazepam (Valium) methocarbamol (Robaxin) cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) probenecid (Benemid)

probenecid (Benemid)

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia/insulin shock include all of the following EXCEPT slow onset skin is moist and pale respirations are shallow pulse is fast and bounding blood pressure is normal

slow onset

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia/insulin shock include all of the following EXCEPT slow onset skin is moist and pale respirations are shallow pulse is fast and bounding blood pressure is normal

slow onset

Which of the following statements are true concerning ophthalmic anti-inflammatory and antiinfective agents? 1. Most ophthalmic antiinfective/anti-inflammatory agents are effective on mucous membranes that have been injured or are inflamed. 2. To discourage drug-resistant strains of antiinfectives, antibiotics for ophthalmologic problems should be administered locally. 3. Any topical medication may be used in the eye. 4. With viral infections, both eyes may need to be treated. 5. In irrigating eyes, the head should be turned toward the affected side to prevent cross-contamination of the unaffected eye.

1, 2 ,4, and 5

Which of the following are true of glucocorticoids and other steroids? 1. They are potent anti-inflammatory agents. 2. Their adverse effects include "moon face," "pot belly," and "buffalo hump." 3. They cause the kidney to retain sodium. 4. They may be administered orally, intramuscularly, intravenously, intraarticularly, and topically. 5. They have distinct methods of administration that include alternate-day therapy and declining dosages.

1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Which of the following are true of topical fungal preparations? 1. They may be used on hair, nails, or skin. 2. Most are used to treat Candida and tinea infections. 3. Most are available OTC as well as by prescription. 4. They should be used completely even if symptoms improve. 5. Therapy for fungal infections is long-term.

1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Which of the following are true of somatropin? 1. It is also known as growth hormone. 2. It is expensive to prescribe. 3. It should be used for any child who is of short stature. 4. It has a drug interaction with insulin. 5. Variations in its secretion may lead to acromegaly in adults and dwarfism in children.

1, 2, 4, and 5

Which of the following is NOT true of medications used to affect coagulation? Anticoagulants either may increase the time of coagulation or may be used to precipitate coagulation Anticoagulants include vitamin K, heparin, and warfarin. Thrombolytic agents are used to promote the dissolution of thrombi. Antiplatelet drugs are used to inhibit the aggregation of platelets. Anticoagulants prevent venous clotting, while thrombolytics dissolve clots.

Anticoagulants include vitamin K, heparin, and warfarin.

Antihypertensives receive the same response in all ethnic and cultural groups.

False

Chlorpheniramine is the antihistamine of choice in the elderly.

False

Colchicine is an analgesic used in gout.

False

The following agent contain benzoyl peroxide and promote peeling of the skin while suppressing growth of bacteria. Fostex Differin Avita All of the above

Fostex

Which of the following statements is NOT true? Mydriatics are used to cause pupil constriction for diagnostic tests. Artificial tears are used to lubricate the eyes, to moisten contact lenses, and to remove debris from the eye. Cromolyn sodium is used for allergic reactions of the eye but may itself cause burning and stinging sensations in the eye. Fluorescein sodium is a nontoxic, water-soluble dye that is used to stain corneal lesions. Side effects from topical corticosteroids used in the eye include burning, tearing, blurred vision, headaches, and eye pain.

Mydriatics are used to cause pupil constriction for diagnostic tests.

Use the following to answer the following questions. 1. baking soda 2. Riopan 3. Amphojel 4. milk of magnesia 5. Tums 6. Gelusil 7. Alka Seltzer 8. Maalox 9. Rolaids 10. Gaviscon Which are magaldrate antacids?

NOT 2 and 5

Which of the following is NOT a use for antihistamines? rhinorrhea coughs and colds motion sickness chest congestion insomnia

NOT insomnia

Which of the following is NOT true of calcium channel blockers? They are used to treat angina, cardiac dysrhythmias, and hypertension. They block the influx of calcium into smooth and vascular muscles. The elderly are more susceptible to their side effects and have an increased occurrence of weakness, dizziness, falls, and fainting. Smoking and nicotine are safe with their use. Their side effects include swelling of the ankles and feet.

Smoking and nicotine are safe with their use.

Which of the following is NOT true of decongestants? They are very safe for persons who have diabetes mellitus. They shrink swollen mucous membranes. They should be used with care by persons with hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and ischemic heart disease. They are often combined with antihistamines. They tend to cause rebound congestion.

They are very safe for persons who have diabetes mellitus.

Which of the following is NOT true of expectorants? They make coughs more productive to relieve the collection of sputum. The drug of choice as an expectorant is guaifenesin. They are not found as combination medications. Most have no contraindications. The FDA has not approved combination medications as effective expectorants.

They are not found as combination medications.

Which is NOT true of salicylate NSAIDs? They are fast acting. They are relatively safe and have the advantage over other medications of not causing gastrointestinal symptomatology. They are inexpensive. They are both anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. They increase bleeding tendencies when taken on a regular basis.

They are relatively safe and have the advantage over other medications of not causing gastrointestinal symptomatology.

Which of the following is NOT true of gastric pump inhibitors? They are used for short-term treatment of gastric ulcers and GERD. They may be used with antibiotics for H. pylori. They work by inhibiting H+ and K+ needed to generate gastric acid. They include omeprazole (Prilosec) and lansoprazole (Prevacid). They are safe for treating ulcers before their confirmed diagnosis.

They are safe for treating ulcers before their confirmed diagnosis.

Which of the following is NOT true of medications to inhibit influenza? They are not used frequently and are expensive. They are for persons who desire prophylaxis for influenza following exposure to the disease. They come in tablet and inhalation forms. They are substitutes for the influenza vaccine. Their side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, nervousness, and dry mouth.

They are substitutes for the influenza vaccine.

Which of the following is NOT true of prokinetic agents? They stimulate gastrointestinal motility. They lower pressure on the esophageal sphincter to accelerate gastric emptying time. They are the treatment of choice for GERD. Lifestyle changes and diet should be tried prior to using prokinetic agents such as cisapride (Propulsid) or metoclopramide (Reglan). Side effects include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache.

They are the treatment of choice for GERD.

Which of the following is NOT true of decongestants? They are very safe for persons who have diabetes mellitus. They shrink swollen mucous membranes. They should be used with care by persons with hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and ischemic heart disease. They are often combined with antihistamines.

They are very safe for persons who have diabetes mellitus.

Which of the following is NOT true of antihistamines? They compete with histamine in the respiratory tract to block their receptor sites. They may be used chronically for several years because tolerance does not develop. They are chosen by their potency, duration of action, and incidence of side effects. Their side effects include drowsiness and dry mouth. They are used interchangeably to find the most effective agent for the patient.

They may be used chronically for several years because tolerance does not develop.

Which of the following is NOT true of topical corticosteroids? They are used over short periods of time to relieve inflammation and pruritus of skin lesions without the toxicity found with systemic steroids. They are used for contact dermatitis, insect bites, minor burns, eczema, and psoriasis. They are available by prescription and OTC. They should be applied thickly so that the medication will stay in contact with the lesion for a longer period of time. They should be used with care for diaper rash because of the danger of systemic absorption.

They should be applied thickly so that the medication will stay in contact with the lesion for a longer period of time.

Which of the following is NOT true of topical corticosteroid medications? They should be spread on the affected area and beyond, and the area may be covered for greater absorption. Care should be taken so that they do not come into contact with the eyes. They should not be used on weeping or denuded areas. They should be used for only short periods of time. One should avoid sunlight on areas treated with corticosteroids.

They should be spread on the affected area and beyond, and the area may be covered for greater absorption.

Which of the following is NOT true of H2-receptor antagonists that interact with histamine to inhibit gastric secretions? They are not affected with food intake. Antacids should be taken one hour before H2-receptor antagonists. They can be taken daily or twice a day. Cigarette smoking decreases the effects of H2-receptor antagonists. They should not be used for GERD.

They should not be used for GERD.

Which of the following are indications for laxative use? emptying the intestines prior to diagnostic testing emptying the bowel of a formed, soft stool because no bowel movement has occurred for 2 days with abdominal cramping and nausea. following the administration of anthelmintic medications all except b all of the above

all except b

Common side effects of musculoskeletal medications include nausea and vomiting pain in abdomen headache constipation and diarrhea all of the above

all of the above

Glucose absorption inhibitors delay the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines can be used alone or in combination with insulin, metformin, or sulfonylureas may cause flatulence, abdominal distention, and diarrhea b and c all of the above

all of the above

Indiscriminate laxative use may lead to dependence loss of potassium cardiac irregularities a and b all of the above

all of the above

Medications used as antirheumatic/antiarthritic medications include

all of the above

The rate of medication absorption through the skin depends on which of the following? the form of the drug the size of the drug molecule the base of the medication b and c all of the above

all of the above

Topical preparations come in which of the following forms? ointments and lotions creams and gels aerosol sprays a and b all of the above

all of the above

When steroids are prescribed for long-term therapy, which of the following should be evaluated on a regular basis? blood pressure weight electrolyte balance cardiac function all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following are routes of administration for nitroglycerin? sublingual tablets oral tablets ointment transdermal patches all of the above

all of the above