intro to philosophy final
According to Aristotle, Pythagoras constructed natural bodies out of numbers.
True
Each different kind of substance has its own corresponding kind of particle and that each substance contains a particle of every other kind was a doctrine of Anaxagoras.
True
Fideism asserts that beliefs do not need a logical rationale, but can be justified by faith alone.
True
Pluralism believes that there are many different elements that comprise the universe.
True
The French philosopher Rene Descartes is called the "Father of Modern Philosophy".
True
The Milesians all proposed material view of reality - air, fire, and water - fundamental kind of stuff.
True
Two famous thinkers of the atomist school were Leucippus and Democritus.
True
Universal refers to a general concept of a thing rather than a particular example of a thing.
True
Appeal to Emotion:
Trying to establish a position by playing on someone's emotions
who is a philosopher, in the original sense of the world?
a lover and pursuer of wisdom, regardless of subject matter
What fallacy is it when an argument is against the person rather than the person's beliefs?
argumentum ad Hominem
Which metaphysical theory sets the stage for modern science?
atomism
What fallacy is it when an argument offers only two choices when in fact more options exits?
false dilemma
A priori judgments are those that depends entirely on experience.
False
Epistemology is an area of study most concerned with the creation of new forms of plant life.
False
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions about reality.
False
Free will is the opposite of logical positivism.
False
Monists all believe that the world is comprised of water.
False
Oncology is a complimentary discipline to epistemology.
False
Pantheism and Panentheism are synonymous
False
Hedonism is an ethical philosophy that espouses pleasure as the greatest good.
True
In classical logic, a syllogism consists of two premises and a conclusion.
True
There are two types of monism: material monism and idealism.
True
According to Theano, what did Pythagoras claim?
An intimacy between things and numbers
What does the branch of philosophy called metaphysics study?
Being
What is reality according to a follower of Parmenides?
Being does not change
Tabula rasa means "Rose-colored tabulator".
False
The belief that there are no absolutes is called theism.
False
The term "metaphysics" comes from Pythagoras.
False
Zeno tried to refute Parmenides' theory that reality is One.
False
What did Anaxagoras do?
He introduced the matter/mind distinction to philosophy
What did Socrates hope to achieve by practicing the Socratic Method?
He wanted to discover adequate definitions that would give knowledge of the essential nature of things, especially, traits of good character
Which philosopher re-defined dualism for the modern age?
Rene Descartes
What is the term for the belief that one should doubt or suspend judgment on philosophical questions?
Skepticism
What did the Atomists do?
They held that all things are composed of physical atoms
Which is a common characteristic of philosophical questions?
They involve real-life ethical dilemmas
"Essence" refers to the basic intrinsic nature of the thing, making it what it is.
True
In philosophy, what is an argument?
giving a reason for accepting it.
Which philosophical position holds that mankind is the measure of ultimate value in the universe?
humanism
What is the term related to a theoretical belief that matter is made up of both substance and form?
hylomorphism
Where do the Forms exist, according to Plato?
in a immaterial realm, ageless, that is, eternal
What is the cause of change for Empedocies?
love and strife
What does the word philosophy literally mean?
love of wisdom
"What we sdai was X, but our opponent acts as if we had said Y!' What fallacy does this most clearly illustrate?
straw man
Which is not a sub-discipline of philosophy?
symbiotic
Giving and rebutting arguments are the most basic philosophical activity.
true
One of the side benefits of philosophy is better logical and critical thinking skills.
true
Philosophy is difficult to be precisely defined, but "thinking about thinking" comes closest.
true
Philosophy once included modern disciples like physics and biology.
true
The atomists believe strictly in accordance with physical laws and did not believe in chance or free will.
true
The most famous "reductio ad absurdum" in history of philosophy is St. Anselm's ontological proof that God exists.
true
The study of language, symbols, signs, and their meanings is called semiotics.
true
Traditionally, philosophy has been divided into four main areas?
true
The Theroy of Forms by Plato are...
unchanging, unmoving, and indivisible
When the Delphi Oracle pronounced Socrates to be the wisest of people, Socrates thought the pronouncement referred to the fact that he...
was aware of his own ignorance
Solipsism is the belief that:
"I alone exist."
What was the essence of reality for Heraclitus?
Change
After his trail and conviction of "corrupting" the minds of young men and for ot believing in the city's gods, Socrates died by..
Drinking hemlock
Which of the following metaphysical theories was credited to Plotinus?
Emanantionism
What does the branch of philosophy called epistemology study?
Knowledge
Nihilistic existentialism holds that:
Life is ultimately without meaning
Which of the following is NOT an ethical theory?
Magnetism
False Dilemma:
Offering only two options when in fact more than two options exist
Who is considered the father of classical dualism?
Plato
What are Thales, Anaximenes, and Anaximander collectively known as?
The Milesians
Plato had three famous theories...
The Theory of Knowledge, the Theory of Love and Becoming, and the Theory of Forms
Begging the Question:
The fallacy of assuming as a premise the very conclusion of the argument is intended to prove and entail the conclusion
Straw Man:
The fallacy of trying to refute someone's view by misrepresenting it
Social Philosophy:
The philosophical study of society and its institutions; concerned especially with determining the features of the ideal or best society
Political Philosophy:
The philosophical study of the state, its justification, and its ethically proper organization
Which is the branch of philosophy that studies issues concerning art and value judgment about art?
aesthetics
Moral Philosophy:
branch of philosophy that considers the nature, criteria, sources, logic, and validity of moral value arguments
How are the forms apprehended, according to Plato?
by reason, intellectually
Ethics is best described as the branch of philosophy that _____________.
deals with moral issues, like right and wrong
Foundationalism most closely relates to which of the following philosophical sub-disciplines?
epistemology
Art and beauty are primarily topics within social philosophy.
false
Metaphysics is the sub-discipline of philosophy that concerns itself with matters of ethics and moral behavior.
false
Philosophical questions are concrete and factual.
false
Political philosophy is totally separate from the values subject matter of moral philosophy.
false
Which of the following branches of philosophy does not involve questions related to values?
metaphysics
According to most dualist philosophers, the two substances that comprise the universe are
mind and matter
Which branch of philosophy deals with issues related to the human mind?
philosophy of the mind
Which ancient Greek philosopher is most famous for his promotion of "forms"?
plato
Another word for a logical premise is:
proposition
All of the following are sub-disciplines of philosophy, EXCEPT.
psychology
Red Herring:
the fallacy of addressing a point other than the actual one at issue
Argumentum ad Hominem:
the mistaken idea that you can challenge any view by criticizing the person whose view it is
Aesthetics:
the philosophical study of art and of value, judgements about art, and of beauty in general
What does materialism teach?
the universe is compromised only of matter
