Ionic Bonding Review

Explain how/why ionic bonds form in terms of electron affinity and ionization energy.

- Ionization energy is how easily an atom can lose an electron. - Electron affinity indicates how much attraction and atom has for electrons. If an atom loses an electron it becomes a positively charged ion or a cation,and if an atom gains an electron it becomes a negatively charged ion or anion

List the names and complete formulas (including charge) of any 5 negative polyatomic ions and 1 positive polyatomic ion.

Acetate C2H3O2 ; One negative ion Arsenate AsO4 ; three negative ions Carbonate CO3 ; two negative ions Chlorate ClO3 ; one negative ion Chlorite ClO2 ; two negative ions Ammonium NH4 ; one positive ion

What's the difference between an atom and an ion?

An atom has no electrical charge. Ions have an electrical charge because they have an imbalance of protons and electrons.

List the distinctive properties of ionic compounds

HIGH MELTING POINT and are BRITTLE because of their gigantic lattice structure. It can CONDUCT ELECTRICITY when dissolved in water or molten due to presence of free floating ions. Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when they are solid - only when dissolved in water or melted. - High melting and boiling points - Ionic bonds are very strong - a lot of energy is needed to break them. - the oppositely charged ions are arranged in a regular way to form giant ionic lattices. Ionic compounds often form crystals as a result. -crystalline structure

What is an ionic compound and how is this indicated by the chemical formula

Ionic Compound is composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal. Most IC exist as crystalline solids. the chemical formula of an ionic compound represents the simplest ratio of compound's combined ions that gives electrical neutrality

How are ionic compounds formed? - relate an atom's ionization energy and/or electron affinity to explain this

Ionic bonds are formed through the exchange of valence electrons between atoms, typically a metal and a nonmetal. The loss or gain of valence electrons allows ions to obey the octet rule and become more stable. Ionic compounds are typically neutral. Therefore, ions combine in ways that neutralize their charges.. ionization energy - The minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a 1+ charge. Electron affinity - The amount of energy absorbed when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a 1- charge.

What kind of ions do metal atoms form? nonmetal atoms?

Metal atoms form positive ions, while non-metal atoms form negative ions. The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are called ionic bonds.

Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds

They want to form a stable octet of valence electrons. - octet rule = atoms tend to gain, lose, or share one or more of their valence electrons to achieve a filled outer shell - a filled outer shell is 8 electrons

Determine the formula of an ionic compound between formed between any two given ions

To find the formula of an ionic compound, first identifythe cation and write down its symbol and charge. Then, identify the anion and write down its symbol and charge. Finally, combine the two ions to form an electrically neutral compound.

ionic compound

a compound composed of positive and negative ions

a. Most atoms bond in order to..... b. Properties of Ionic Compounds include.........

a).... to become electronically more stable b) ....have high melting and boiling points, and are hard and brittle. As solids they are almost always electrically insulating, but when melted or dissolved they become highly conductive, because the ions are mobilized.

What is lattice energy 1. What is its significance? 2.What two factors affect lattice energy? How do they influence it?

amount of energy released when 1 mole of ions join to make a crystal lattice 1. a measure of the strength of the ionic bonds in an ionic compound. It provides insight into several properties of ionic solids including their volatility, their solubility, and their hardness 2. two main factors that contribute to the lattice energy of an ionic solid: the charge on the ions, and the radius, or size, of the ions. The effect of those factorsis: as the charge of the ions increases, the lattice energy increases. as the size of the ions increases, the lattice energy decreases.

monatomic ion

an ion formed from a single atom

polyatomic ion

group of nonmetal atoms (covalently bonded) that carry a charge

lattice energy

the energy required to separate 1 mol of the ions of an ionic compound

ternary

compounds are composed of three or more elements

chemical bond compound

Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together to make compounds or molecules. Chemical bonds include covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds.

How many valence electrons do most ions have when they are stable?

Valence electrons are important because they indicate an element's bonding behavior, stability, and reactivity. In general, atoms with 8 electrons in their outer orbitals are more stable.

binary compound

a compound composed of two elements

Define "Chemical Bond"

a force of attraction that holds atoms or ions together - the force is created when atoms lose (metal, + *cations*), gain (nonmetals, - *anions), or share electrons (between atoms)

a) In the name of a compound, what does a Roman numeral indicate? b) Are Roman numerals used with metals, nonmetals or both? Explain why. c) Name 2 elements that need Roman numerals even though they are not transition elements. What charges might these elements have?

a) Roman numerals in a chemical formula indicate the charge on the metal cation before them. They are used in situations where the multiple oxidation states are available to the metal. b) Roman numerals must be added for transition metals to show which of the possible charges for the transition metal is being used. The only transition metals that do not need this are zinc, cadmium, and silver because they only have one charge. c) they are transition metals, aluminum, zinc and silver are only (I) and never require Roman numerals written after their names.

a) The two factors that affect the strength of ionic bonds are _________________ and _____________. b) Ion charge is _________proportional to the strength of the bonds while ion size is ______________ proportional to the strength of the bonds.

a) charge and distance b)

ionic bond

when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another