IS438 EXAM 2

The formula to determine the number of communication channels is _____, where n is the number of people involved. a. n (n-1)/2 c. n (n+1)/n(n-1) b. n(n+1)/2 d. n(n-1)/n(n+1)

A. n (n-1)/2

List and briefly describe four methods for identifying risks.

Brainstorming technique by which a group attempts to generate ideas or find a solution for a specific problem by amassing ideas spontaneously and without judgement Delphi Technique derive a consensus among a panel of experts who make predictions about future developments Interviewing fact-finding technique for collecting information in face-to-face, phone, email or instant messaging discussions Root Cause Analysis identify the root cause of a problem or opportunity often results in identifying even more potential risks for a project SWOT Analysis can be used during risk identification by having project teams focus on the broad perspectives of potential risks for particular projects

A(n) _____ contract carries the least risk for suppliers. a. CPPC c. CPAF b. FFP d. FP-EPA

CPPC

_____ involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do. a. Legitimate power c. Reward power b. Coercive power d. Referent power

Coercive Power

Describe the relationship between Six Sigma and Statistics. What statistical concepts are involved in the Six Sigma philosophy?

Concept in Six Sigma: improving quality by reducing variation Sigma means Standard Deviation Standard Deviation measures how much variation exists in a distribution of data Small Standard Deviation data clusters closely around the middle of a distribution and there is little variability among the data Large Standard Deviation data is spread around the middle of the distribution and there is relatively greater variability

Explain decision trees and expected monetary value.

Decision Tree diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action when future outcomes are uncertain common application involves calculating EMV Expected Monetary Value (EMV) product of a risk event probability and the risk event's monetary value

_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process. a. Design of experiments c. Activity-on-arrow b. Backward pass d. Crashing

Design of experiments

_____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer. a. Prevention cost c. Internal failure cost b. Appraisal cost d. External failure cost

External Failure cost

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.

False

Buyers absorb lesser risk with cost-reimbursable contracts than they do with fixed-price contracts.

False

Gantt charts cannot be used to aid project quality management.

False

In the Social Styles Profile team building activity, drivers are reactive and people-oriented.

False

Key stakeholders need not be invited to participate in a kick-off meeting.

False

Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.

False

Project members should either have strong technical skills or soft skills.

False

Projects often do not cause any changes in an organization.

False

Testing as a stage is important only at the end of an information technology product development.

False

Unknown risks can be managed proactively.

False

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the quality assurance process.

False

_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users. a. Features c. Yields b. Outputs d. Metrics

Features

_____ means that a product can be used as it was intended. a. Conformance to requirements c. Critical chain scheduling b. Fitness for use d. Free slack

Fitness for Use

Identify and describe the four processes involved in project stakeholder management.

Identifying Stakeholders involves identifying everyone involved in the project or affect by it, and determining the best ways to manage relationships with them Planning Stakeholder Management involves determining strategies to effectively engage stakeholders in project decisions and activities based on their needs, interests, and potential impact Managing Stakeholder Engagement involves communicating and working with project stakeholders to satisfy their needs and expectations, resolving issues and fostering engagement in project decisions and activities Controlling Stakeholder Engagement involves monitoring stakeholder relationships and adjusting plans and strategies for engaging stakeholders as needed.

A(n) _____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other. a. risk breakdown structure c. process flow chart b. influence diagram d. work breakdown structure

Influence diagram

The items discussed in a(n) _____ include reflections on whether project goals were met, whether the project was successful or not, the causes of variances on the project, the reasoning behind corrective actions chosen, the use of different project management tools and techniques, and personal words of wisdom based on team members' experiences. a. final project report c. audit report b. design document d. lessons-learned report

Lessons learned report

According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the ability to improve a worker's position. a. penalty c. expertise b. assignment d. promotion

PROMOOOOOTION

_____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives. a. Performing qualitative risk analysis c. Identifying risks b. Planning risk responses d. Performing quantitative risk analysis

Performing quantitative risk analysis

List and briefly describe the three project quality management processes.

Planning and Quality Management identifying which quality requirements and standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy them Performing Quality Assurance involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards Controlling Quality involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality

_____ are a complete set of organized project records that provide an accurate history of the project. a. Project archives c. Project plans b. Forecasts d. Project notes

Project archives

A(n) _____ is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time. a. responsibility assignment matrix c. RACI charts b. resource histogram d. organizational breakdown structure

Resource histogram

Risk utility rises at a decreasing rate for a _____ person. a. risk-seeking c. risk-neutral b. risk-averse d. risk-indifferent

Risk Averse

The _____ is a description of the work required for a procurement. a. RFQ c. WBS b. RFP d. SOW

SOW

A risk-seeking person prefers outcomes that are more uncertain and is often willing to pay a penalty to take risks.

True

Communications software like e-mail, blogs, Web sites, texts, and tweets can aid in stakeholder communications.

True

In TQC, product quality is more important than production rates, and workers are allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs.

True

Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments

True

Reviewing performance records reduces the risk of selecting a supplier with a poor track record.

True

Status reports can take various formats depending on the stakeholders' needs.

True

Suppliers are those organizations or individuals who provide procurement services.

True

The closing procurements process involves updating records to reflect final results and archiving information for future use.

True

The communications management plan varies with the needs of the project.

True

____________________communication happens when two or more people to exchange information via meetings, phone calls, or video conferencing.

__Interactive___

Herzberg called factors that cause job satisfaction ______________________________________

__Motivation-Hygiene Theory__.

_________________________________ are normally provided as status reports or progress reports.

__Performance reports___

_______________________________ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities.

__Six 9s of Quality___

Many information technology professionals work on ___________ projects where they never meet their project sponsors, other team members, or other project stakeholders.

___virtual__

While trying to assess commitment of project stakeholders, a(n) ___________________meeting or a Web conference might be the most appropriate medium to use.

__face-to-face___

A(n) __________________ contract has the least amount of risk for the buyer.

__fixed Price___

The main output of the __________ process is the start of a risk register.

__identifying risks___

The term __________________ is used to describe risks that the project team has identified and analyzed.

__known risks___

________________________ power is getting people to do things based on a position of authority.

__legitimate___

The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems. a. ISO 9000 c. seven run rule b. six 9s of quality rule d. Six Sigma rule

b. six 9's of quality rule

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management. a. initiating c. monitoring and controlling b. closing d. executing

executing

The project team must take corrective action if stakeholders with _____ are categorized as resistant or unaware. a. high interest/low power c. low interest/ low power b. high interest and high power d. low interest/high power

high interest, high power

According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor? a. Recognition c. Training b. Salary d. Health benefits

recognition

The process of choosing suppliers or sellers is known as _____. a. source selection c. WBS b. a bid d. a change order

source selection