ISTQB Foundation 2022 Đề U
A game program has been specified as a set of use cases. It has been tested by thesupplier and is now ready for user acceptance testing. The system is assessed as low risk and there is pressure to release the software into the market as soon as possible. Which of the following test techniques would be most appropriate for this testing? [K2] a) State transition testing and decision testing b) Equivalence partitioning and statement testing c) Use case testing and exploratory testing d) Decision table testing and exploratory testing
Use case testing and exploratory testing
Airline wants to clarify its baggage handling policy, whilst maximizing revenues and wall introduce the following tariffs for all baggage per individual customer: The first 2Kg will be carried free of charge. Next 13Kg will be charged a total charge of $7. Over I5Kg will be charged at per kg, up to a maximum of 150Kg per person. N0 passenger may take more that 150Kg with them. Which of the following would value for equivalence partitioning for baggage the price calculation? [K3] a) 2.0, 12.1, 27.0, 150.1 b) 2.0, 9.9, 15.0, 26.9 c) 0, 5.0, 10.0, 17.0 d) 1.9, 12.0, 149, 150,0
a) 2.0, 12.1, 27.0, 150.1
Use case testing is useful for which of the following? A. Designing acceptance tests with users or customers. B. Making sure that the mainstream business processes are tested. C. Finding defects in the interaction between components. D. Identifying the maximum and minimum values for every input field. E. Identifying the percentage of statements exercised by a sets of tests. a) A, B and C b) B, D and E c) A, B and D d) C, D and E
a) A, B and C
Which following statement is NOT true about test levels? (K2) a) Acceptance Testing include testing of functionality and specific non-functional characteristics, such as resource-behavior (eg, searching for memory leaks) or robustness testing, as well as structural testing (e.g., decision coverage) b) Integration testing tests interfaces between components, interactions with different parts of a system, such as the operating system, file system and hardware, and interfaces between systems. c) System Testing is concerned with the behavior of a whole system/product. The testing scope shall be clearly addressed in the Master and/or Level Test Plan for that test level. d) Component Testing searches for defects in, and verifies the functioning of, software modules, programs, objects, classes, etc., that are separately testable.
a) Acceptance Testing include testing of functionality and specific non-functional characteristics, such as resource-behavior (eg, searching for memory leaks) or robustness testing, as well as structural testing (e.g., decision coverage)
Rigorous testing of components and systems, and their associated documentation, can help reduce the risk of failures occurring during operation. When defects are detected, and subsequently fixed, this contributes to the quality of the components or systems. In addition, software testing may also be required to meet contractual or legal requirements or industry-specific standards. Why is software testing sometimes required for legal reasons? [K3] a) Contracts may specify testing requirements that must be fulfilled b) Testing across systems must be accompanied by legal documentation c) International laws require software testing for exported products d) It prevents developers from suing testers
a) Contracts may specify testing requirements that must be fulfilled
Which of following is NOT success factors for review? a) Developers should not involve to increase effectiveness of defect identification b) Test are valued reviewers who contributes to the review and also learn about the product which enables them to prepare test earlier c) Defects found are welcomed and expressed objectively d) The review is conducted in an atmosphere of trust
a) Developers should not involve to increase effectiveness of defect identification
A system specification states that a particular field should accept alphabetical characters in either upper or lower case. Which of the following test cases is from a INVALID equivalence partition? [K1] a) F88ds b) fOODs c) Foods d) FOODS
a) F88ds
Which of following is a Project Risk? a) Improper attitude forward or expectations of testing. b) the potential that the software/hardware could cause harms to individual or company. c) Poor date integrity and quality d) Software that does not perform its intended function.
a) Improper attitude forward or expectations of testing.
Which of following is related a typical "Rework" activity of formal review? a) Recording updated status of defect in formal review b) Checking that defects have been addressed. c) Gathering metrics d) Checking on exit criteria for more formal review type
a) Recording updated status of defect in formal review
Which of following is the repeated testing of an already tested program, after modification, to discover any defects introduced or uncovered as a result of the change? [K3] a) Regression Testing b) Structural Testing c) Functional Testing d) Non-Functional Testing
a) Regression Testing
Software systems are an integral part of life, from business applications (e.g., banking) to consumer products (e.g., cars). Most people have had an experience with software that did not work as expected. Software that does not work correctly can lead to many problems, including loss of money, time, or business reputation, and even injury or death. Software testing is a way to assess the quality of the software and to reduce the risk of software failure in operation. Which of the following statements is NOT the valid objective of testing? [K1] a) To prove that any remaining defects will not cause any failures. b) To provide sufficient information to stakeholders to allow them to make informed decisions. c) To validate whether the test object is complete and works as the users and other stakeholders expect d) To reduce the level of risk of inadequate software quality
a) To prove that any remaining defects will not cause any failures.
For each of the test levels, the following can be identified: the generic objectives, the work product(s) being referenced for deriving test cases (i.e., the test basis), the test object (i.c., what is being tested), typical defects and failures to be found, test harness requirements and tool support, and specific approaches and responsibilities. Which of the following combinations correctly describes a valid approach to Component Testing: [K2] i. Functional testing of the component in isolation ii. Structure-based testing of the code without recording incidents iii. Automated tests that are run until the component passes. iv. Functional testing of the interfaces between modules. a) i, ii and iii b) i and ii c) iii d) ii and iv
a) i, ii and iii
You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts distributor. Due to regulations, shipments cannot exceed 100kg. You want to include boundary value analysis as part of your black-box test design. How many tests will you need to execute to achieve 100% boundary value analysis? |K3] Weight 1 to 10kg 11 to 25kg 26 to 40kg 41 to 50 kg 51 to 100kg Shipping Cost $5 $7.5 $12 $17 $25 a) 11 b) 12 c) 21 d) 22
b) 12
How many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the following program fragment? Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other [K3] if (Condition 1) then statement 1 else statement 2 if (Condition 2) then statement 3 a) I Test Cases b) 2 Test Cases c) 3 Test Cases d) 4 Test Cases
b) 2 Test Cases
Test can be derived from use cases, which are a specify way of designing interaction with software Items, incorporating requirements for the software functions represented by the use case. Use cases are associated with actors (human users, external hardware, or other component or system) and subjects (the component or system to which the use case is applied). Which of the following describes the behaviors defined in a use case that should be covered by tests? [K2] a) Control flow, data flow and decision paths b) Basie, exceptional or alternative, and error handling c) Normal, error, data, and integration d) Positive path and negative path
b) Basie, exceptional or alternative, and error handling
Which of the following describes NOT related with Testing Principles on Syllabus? [K2] a) Testing can show that defects are present, but cannot prove that there are no b) Exhaustive testing is feasible when risk analysis is used. c) To find defects early, testing activities shall be started as early as possible in the software or system development lifecycle d) Finding and fixing defects does not help if the system built is unusable and does not fulfill the user needs and expectation
b) Exhaustive testing is feasible when risk analysis is used.
Seven Testing Principles is a number of testing principles have been suggested over The past 40 years and offer genaral guidelines common for all testing. Which escribes about the Pesticide Paradox which is one of the Seven Testing Principles? [K2] a) Testing is done differently in different contexts. For example, safety-critical software is tested differently from an e-commerce site. b) If the same tests are repeated over and over again, eventually the same set of testcases will no longer find any new defects. To overcome this, test cases need to be regularly reviewed and revised, and new and different tests need to be written to exercise different parts of the software or system to find potentially more defects, c) Testing everything (all combinations of inputs and preconditions) is not feasible except for trivial cases. Instead of exhaustive testing, risk analysis and priorities should be used to focus testing efforts d) To find defects early, testing activities shall be started as early as possible in the software or system development life cycle, and shall be focused on defined objectives.
b) If the same tests are repeated over and over again, eventually the same set of testcases will no longer find any new defects. To overcome this, test cases need to be regularly reviewed and revised, and new and different tests need to be written to exercise different parts of the software or system to find potentially more defects,
Which of following is a common characteristic of specification - based test design techniques ? a) Information about how the software is constructed is used to derive the testcases b) Models, either formal or informal, are used for the specification of the problem to be solved, the software or its component c) The extent of coverage of software can be measured for existing testcase d) The knowledge and experience of people are used to derive the test case
b) Models, either formal or informal, are used for the specification of the problem to be solved, the software or its component
Which of following is NOT a Test control actions in Test Progress monitoring and control? (KI] a) Making decisions based on information from test monitoring b) Setting an exit criterion requiring fixes to have been re-tested c) Re-prioritizing tests when an identified risk occurs d) Changing the test schedule due to availability or unavailability of test environment.
b) Setting an exit criterion requiring fixes to have been re-tested
Which of the following statements for the given state table designed with state transition test technique is correct?..[.K3] Test case 1 2 3 4 5 Input Power on Power off RC on RC off Power off Expected TV standby TV off TV play TV standby TV off output Finish State S2 S1 S3 S2 S1 a) The state table can be used to derive both positive and negative test cases b) The state table represents all possible single transitions c) The state table represents only some of all possible single transitions d) The state table represents sequential pairs of transitions
b) The state table represents all possible single transitions
The following equivalence class for integer number is given 0 <= x <= 100. After boundary value analysis, the following test date shall be used: [K3] a) 0; 100 b) 0; 1; 100; 101 c) -1; 0; 99, 100 d) -1; 0, 1; 99, 100
c) -1; 0; 99, 100
Test work products are created as part of the test process. just as there is significant variation in the way that organizations implement the test process, there is also significant variation in the types of work products created during that process, in the ways those work products are organized and managed, and in the names used for those work products. Which work product (1-4) is include work in which test process (A-D)? (K2] 1 Test case 2. Test charter 3. Test progress reports 4. Test suite A. Test design B. Test implementation C. Test analysis D. Test monitoring and control a) 1A, 2C, 3A, 4B b) 1B, 2D, 3C, 4A c) 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B d) 1C, 2B, 3A, 4D
c) 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B
Which of following is a typical test leader's tasks? a) Set up the test environment often coordinating with system administration and network management b) Prepare and acquire test data c) Adapt planning based test result and progress d) Use test administration or management tools and test monitoring tools as required
c) Adapt planning based test result and progress
Which of following is a typical tester's tasks? a) Write test summary report based on the information gathered during testing b) Select tools to support testing and organize any training in tool use for tester c) Analyze, review and assess user requirements, specifications and models for testability d) Contribute the testing perspective to other project activities, such as integration planning
c) Analyze, review and assess user requirements, specifications and models for testability
Which of following tools measure the percentage of specific types of code structures that have been exercised? [K1] a) Test Harness/Unit Test Framework Tools b) Test Comparators c) Coverage Measurement Tools d) Security Testing Tools
c) Coverage Measurement Tools
Which of following is tools NOT risks of using ? [K1] a) Underestimating the time, cost and effort needed to achieve significant and continuing benefits from the tool b) Unrealistic expectations for the tool c) Greater consistency and repeatability d) Neglecting version control of test assets within the tool
c) Greater consistency and repeatability
Formal reviews are characterized by team participation, documented results of the review, and documented procedures for conducting the review. The formality of a review process is related to factors such as the software development lifecycle model, the maturity of the development process, the complexity of the work product to be reviewed, any legal or regulatory requirements, and/or the need for an audit trail. In which review process, the following activity is performed? [K2] - Checking that exit criteria are met - Accepting the work product when the exit criteria are reached a) Fixing and reporting b) Initiate review c) Planning d) Issue communication and analysis
c) Planning
Which of following review types has its purpose of discussing, making decisions evaluation alternatives, solving technical problems and checking conformance to specifications, plans, regulations and standards ? [K2] a) Informal b) Walkthrough c) Technical Review d) Inspection
c) Technical Review
In a life cycle model, there are several characteristic of good testing. Which of following is NOT related? [K2] a) For every development activity, there is a corresponding testing activity b) Each test level has test objectives specific to that level c) The analysis and design of tests for a given test level should not begin during the corresponding development activity d) Testers should be involved in reviewing documents as soon as drafts are available in the development cycle.
c) The analysis and design of tests for a given test level should not begin during the corresponding development activity
As you are a tester for android application, the Android application identifies and counts all purchases of a particular product from a shopping website. The application incorrectly counts purchase attempts by including both failed attempts, and also those where the purchase was terminated by the user before completion. Testing has identified that the problem was located in the 'purchase identification' module, where the first stage in the purchasing process was counted, rather than a successful confirmed purchase after payment by the customer. Which of the following statements correctly identifies what has happened?... [K2] a) A defect in the purchase identification module caused by a mistake in the module specification led to a defect in the overall application. b) An error by the programmer led to a mistake in the purchase identification module and this caused a defect in the application. c) The application failed because of a defect in the purchase identification module caused by a programmer mistake or an error in the specification. d) A bug in the purchase identification module caused a fault in the application.
c) The application failed because of a defect in the purchase identification module caused by a programmer mistake or an error in the specification.
Equivalence partitioning (EP) is used to reduce the number of test cases that is required to effectively test the handling of inputs, outputs, internal values and time-related values. A system is designed to accept values of examination marks as follows: Fail: 0 - 34 inclusive Pass: 35 - 54 inclusive Merit: 55 - 74 inclusive Distinction: 75 - 100 inclusive In which of the following sets of values are all values in different equivalence partitions? [K3] a) 33, 55, 73, 99 b) 25, 34, 53, 77 c) 0, 54, 55, 86 d) 0, 40, 60, 81
d) 0, 40, 60, 81
Which of following is NOT correct? a) Statement coverage is determined by the number of all executable statements in the code under test b) Decision coverage is determined by the number of all decision outcomes covered by test cases divided by the number of all possible decision outcomes in the code under test c) Decision coverage is a form of control flow testing as it follows a specific flow of control through the decision points d) 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage
d) 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage
Which of the following statements is true? [K1] a) A test case specifies input values and expected results test procedure may be derived from requirements or specifications b) A test condition specifies input values and expected results test case combines one or more test conditions c) A test case specifies the sequence of execution of test conditions; a test procedure specifies test preconditions and post-conditions d) A test condition may be derived from requirements or specification a test procedure specifies the sequence of action for the execution of a test
d) A test condition may be derived from requirements or specification a test procedure specifies the sequence of action for the execution of a test
Which of following tools are necessary for storage and version management of testware and related software especially when configuring more than on hardware/software environment in terms of operating system versions compilers, browsers? (K1] a) Test Management Tools b) Requirements Management Tools c) Incident Management Tools d) Configuration Management Tools
d) Configuration Management Tools
Which of following is NOT a Test Planning Activity in Test Planning? a) Determining the scope and risks and identifying the objectives into the software life cycle activities b) Integrating and coordination the testing activities into the software life cycle activities c) Assigning resources for the different activities defined d) Estimating the tasks based in estimates made by the owner of the tasks or by experts
d) Estimating the tasks based in estimates made by the owner of the tasks or by experts
In an iterative lifecycle model, which of the following is an accurate statement about testing activities? (K2) a) For every testing activity, metrics should be recorded and posted to a metrics dashboard for all stakeholders. b) For every development activity resulting in code, there should be a testing activity to document test cases. c) For every development activity resulting in code, there should be a testing activity to document. d) For every development activity, there should be a corresponding testing activity
d) For every development activity, there should be a corresponding testing activity
Which of following is NOT a typical "Planning" activity of formal review? [K1] a) Defining the review criteria b) Defining the entry and exit criteria for more formal review types c) Selecting which parts of documents to review d) Preparing for the review meeting by reviewing the documents
d) Preparing for the review meeting by reviewing the documents
Which of following is NOT objectives of incident report? [K]] a) Provide developers and other parties with feedback about the problem to enable identification, isolation and correction as necessary b) Provide test leaders a means of tracking the quality of the system under test and the progress of the testing c) Provide ideas for test process improvement d) Provide evidence of tester's worthiness
d) Provide evidence of tester's worthiness
A Certain degree of independence often makes the tester more effective at finding defects and failures. Which of following is highest level of independence? [K1] a) Tests designed by the person who wrote the software under test b) Tests designed by another person c) Testes designed by a person from a different organizational group of test specialists d) Testes designed by a person from a different organization or company including outsourcing
d) Testes designed by a person from a different organization or company including outsourcing
Which of following is NOT correct about Metrics which should be collected during and at the end of test level in order to asses? (K2) a) The adequacy of the test objectives for that test level b) The adequacy of the test approaches taken c) The effectiveness of the testing with respect to the objective d) The adequacy of testers anticipate defects based on experience
d) The adequacy of testers anticipate defects based on experience