IT Ethics
In a for-profit organization, it is the primary objective of the _____ to oversee the organization's business activities and management for the benefit of shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, and the community.
board of directors
a statement that highlights an organization's key ethical issues and identifies the overarching values and principles that are important to the organization and its decision making is known as which of the following
code of ethics
An approach to ethical decision making that is based on a vision of society as a community whose members work together to achieve a general set of values and goals is the approach.
common good
Decisions and policies that use the approach to decision making attempt to implement social systems, institutions, and environments that everyone depends on and that benefit all people.
common good
Which of the following positions provides an organization with vision and leadership in the area of business conduct?
corporate ethics officer
In the case of the United States v. New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co, the Supreme Court established that ____
organizations can escape criminal liability if they make strong efforts to prevent and detect misconduct in the workplace.
A(n) ____ is a clear, concise statement of an issue that needs to be addressed.
problem statement
Consistency means that shareholders, customers, suppliers, and the community know what they can expect of an organization—that it will behave in the future much as it has in the past.
true
Employees may suppress their tendency to act in a manner that seems ethical to them and instead act in a manner that will protect them against anticipated punishment.
true
Fairness and generosity are examples of virtues.
true
In the business world, important IT decisions are too often left to the technical experts; general business managers must assume greater responsibility for these decisions.
true
In the business world, important decisions are too often left to the technical experts; general business managers must assume greater responsibility for these decisions.
true
Laws can proclaim an act as legal, although many people may consider the act immoral.
true
Line operations personnel can be appointed as corporate ethics officers.
true
Most people have developed a decision-making process they use almost automatically, without thinking about the steps they go through.
true
Problem stakeholders who stand to lose or gain from a situation should be kept out of the decision making proves as they will simply introduce their personal biases.
true
Setting corporate social responsibility (CSR) goals encourages an organization to achieve higher moral and ethical standards.
true
Supply chain sustainability takes into account such issues as fair labor practices, energy and resource conservation, human rights, and community responsibility.
true
The goal of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was to renew investor's trust in corporate executives and their firm's financial reports following numerous financial scandals in the early 2000s.
true
The term ethics describes standards or codes of behavior expected of an individual by a group to which an individual belongs to.
true
The term morality refers to social conventions about right and wrong that are so widely shared that they become the basis for an established consensus.
true
Well over half of all organizations include ethical conducts as part of an employee's performance appraisal.
true
In an environment where employees are encouraged to do "whatever it takes" to get the job done, employees may feel pressure to act in which of the following ways?
unethically
A complication of the ____ approach to decision making is that measuring and comparing the values of certain benefits and costs is often difficult, if not impossible.
utilitarian
The goal of the _____ approach to ethical decision making is to find the single greatest good by balancing the interests of all affected parties.
utilitarian
In 2009, 43 percent of all software in circulation worldwide was pirated - at a cost of over _____ (USD).
$50 Billion
During the problem definition process, one must be extremely careful not make _____ about the situation.
assumptions
A set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior within a society is called ____.
Moral Code
____ had one of the lowest software piracy rates in 2009.
New Zealand
Section 406 of the ____ requires public companies to disclose whether they have a code of ethics and to disclose any wavier of the code for certain members of senior management.
Sarbanes-Oxley act
The chairman of _____, an Indian-based outsourcing firm, admitted he had overstated the company's assets by more than $1 billion in India's largest ever corporate scandal.
Satyam Computer Services
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act states that _____
annual reports must contain a statement signed by the CEO and CFO attesting that the information in all of the firm's SEC filings is accurate.
An individual's manager has very little impact on his or her ethical behavior.
false
An individual's manager has very little impact on his/her ethical behavior.
false
Greater globalization has decreased the likelihood of unethical behavior.
false
Lawrence Kohlberg found that many factors stimulate a person's moral development, but one of the most crucial is monetary reward for good behavior.
false
Lawrence Kohlberg found that the most crucial factor that stimulates a person's moral development is monetary reward for good behavior.
false
Multinational and global organizations must not present a consistent face to their shareholders, customers, and suppliers but instead must operate with a different value system in each country they do business in.
false
Stakeholders who stand to lose or gain from a situation should be kept out of the decision making process as they will simply introduce their personal biases.
false
The board of directors of an organization is normally responsible for day-to-day management and operations of the organization.
false
individual views on what is moral are so strongly held that there is nearly universal agreement in spite of differences in age, cultural group, ethnic background, religion, life experience, education, and gender.
false
A discrepancy between employee's own values and an organization's actions:
fosters poor performance
The _____ that socially responsible activities create can make it easier for corporations to conduct their business.
goodwill
Based on a 2009 National Business Ethics Survey, the percentage of employees who said they reported misconduct in the workplace when they saw it _____
increased from 2007 to 2009
Based on a 2013 National Business Ethics Survey, the percentage of employees who said they reported misconduct in the workplace when they saw it is characterized by which of the following statements?
increased from 2011 to 2013
The growth of the Internet and the ability to capture and store vast amounts of personal data have increased the risk that will be used unethically.
information technology
To extend to all people the same respect and consideration that you expect from them is considered which of the following character traits?
integrity
A well-implemented ethics and compliance program and a strong ethical culture can lead to:
less pressure on employees to misbehave.
Every society forms a set of rules that establishes the boundaries of generally accepted behavior. These rules are often expressed in statements about how people should behave, and they fit together to form the _____ by which a society lives.
moral code
Every society forms a set of rules that establishes the boundaries of generally accepted behavior. These rules are often expressed in statements about how people should behave, and they fit together to form the ______ by which a society lives.
moral code
One's personal beliefs about right and wrong are known as which of the following?
morals
A stakeholder is someone who stands to gain or lose, depending on how a situation is resolved.
true
An individual who acts with integrity acts in accordance with a personal code of principles.
true
The greater reliance of information systems in all aspects of life has decreased the risk that information technology will be used unethically.
False
The piracy rate is nearly 80 percent across which continent?
Africa
The moral corruption of people in power, which is often facilitated by a tendency for people to look the other way when their leaders act inappropriately has been given the name
Bathsheba syndrome
The goodwill that is created by which of the following can make it easier for corporations to conduct their business?
CSR (corporate social responsibility) activities
Which of the following identifies the concept that an organization should act ethically by taking accountability for the impact of its actions on the environment, the community, and the welfare of its employees?
Corporate social responsibility
_____ is the concept that an organization should act ethically by taking accountability for the impact of its actions on the environment, the community, and the welfare of its employees.
Corporate social responsibility
Which of the following steps in the decision-making process gathers and analyzes facts and also identifies stakeholders affected by the decision?
Develop problem statement
Which of the following is the most critical step in the decision-making process?
Development of a problem statement
An organization's mission statement highlights its key ethical issues and identifies the overreaching values and principles that are important to the organization and its decision making.
False
If the desired results are not achieved upon implementation of a solution, one should return to the "identify alternatives" step of the decision making process and rework the decision.
False
The fairness approach to ethical decision making states that one should choose the action or policy that has the best overall consequences for all people who are directly or indirectly affected.
False
is the practice of illegally making copies of software or enabling others to access software to which they are not entitled.
Software Piracy
In the case of United States v. New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co., the U.S. Supreme Court established that:
an employer can be held responsible for the acts of its employees even if the employees act in a manner contrary to their employer's directions
Which of the following statements best describes a reason why organizations pursue corporate social responsibility (CSR) goals and promote a work environment in which employees are encouraged to act ethically when making business decisions?
To gain the goodwill of the community
Employees may suppress their tendency to act in a manner that seems ethical to them and instead act in a manner that will protect them against anticipated punishment.
True
Ethics has risen to the top of the business agenda because risks associated with inappropriate behavior have increased, both in their likelihood and in their potential negative impact.
True
Increasingly, managers are including ethical conduct as part of an employee's performance appraisal.
True
Laws can proclaim an act as legal, although many people may consider the act immoral.
True
Line operations personnel can be appointed as corporate ethics officers.
True
Setting corporate social responsibility (CSR) goals encourages an organization to achieve higher moral and ethical standards.
True
The virtues ethics approach to decision making focuses on how one should behave and think about relationships if he or she is concerned with his or her daily life in the community
True
In the case of United States v. New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co., the U.S. Supreme Court established that:
an employer can be held responsible for the acts of its employees even if the employees act in a manner contrary to their employer's directions.
During which step of the decision-making process should one be extremely careful not to make assumptions about the situation?
develop problem statement
The step in the decision-making process during which you identify how serious the problem is and who is affected is the _____ step.
develop problem statement
which of the following steps in the decision-making process gathers and analyzes facts and also identifies stakeholders affected by the decision?
develop problem statement
A code of ethics cannot gain company-wide acceptance unless it is fully endorsed by the organization's leadership and developed with which of the following?
employee participation
Companies that develop and maintain strong employee relations ____.
enjoy lower turnover rates
Companies that develop and maintain strong employee relations:
enjoy lower turnover rates.
A set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior within a society is known as which of the following?
ethics
____ describes standards or codes of behavior expected of an individual by a group (nation, organizations, profession) to which an individual belongs.
ethics
_____ describes standards or codes of behavior expected of an individual by a group (nation, organization, profession) to which an individual belongs.
ethics
In which step of the decision-making process should the decision makers consider laws, guidelines, policies, and principles that might apply to the decision?
evaluate and choose alternative
The principle that the ethical choice treats everyone the same and shows no favoritism or discrimination is most closely associated with the _____ approach to dealing with moral issues.
fairness
In a social audit, a firm
reviews how well it is meeting its ethical and social responsibility goals.
According to research conducted by Ethisphere Institute, the stock price performance for the 2010 world's one hundred most ethical companies was _____ that the S&P 500 and Financial Times 100 from 2005 to 2010.
significantly better
In a(n) ____, an organization reviews how well it is meeting its ethical and social responsibility goals, and communicates its new goals for the upcoming year.
social audit
Someone who stands to gain or lose, depending on how a situation is resolved is known as which of the following?
stakeholder
Someone who stands to gain or lose, depending on how a situation is resolved is called a(n) _____
stakeholder.
Companies that develop and maintain strong employee relations ____
suffer lower turnover rates.
the general public needs to develop a better understanding of the critical importance of ethics as it applies to IT One of the two fundamental tenets on which this book is based is that _____.
the general public needs to develop a better understanding of the critical importance of ethics as it applies to IT
A rapid increase in the appointment of corporate ethics officers typically follows:
the revelation of a major business scandal.
In the decision-making process of implementing the decision, what plan must be defined to explain to people how they will move from the old way of doing things to the new way
transition
What term is used to describe a habit of unacceptable behavior?
vice
Which of the following terms best describes a habit that inclines people to do what is acceptable?
virtue