IV 30Hr

Deep veins

accompany the corresponding arteries and are called venae comites or venae comitantes.

The function of electrolytes is to

Maintain osmolality regulate balance promote neuromuscular irritability and regulate the distribution of body fluids among the different fluid compartments .

When administering IV therapy to a geriatric patient, you should:

use a small gauge catheter & avoid the use of tape

Implanted port

Central venous catheter consisting of a silicon catheter attacked to a titanium or plastic reservoir covered by self sealing silicone rubber septum that is surgically placed in a subcutaneous tissue

CVP

Central venous pressure which is an indicator of circulatory function and the pumping ability of the right side of the heart

Tunneled catheter

A central venous father with a cuff at the Edit site . A segment of the catheter lies in a subcutaneous tract . It's is placed surgically and the top in the superior venacava

Chylothorax

A puncture of a lymph node with leakage of lymph fluid

Colloid

A substance in which microscopically dispersed insoluble particles are suspended throughout another substance

Butterfly needle

A winged infusion set CVL: central venous line, who's típ lies in the superior/inferior vena cava

There are guidelines that are designed to reduce the transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens and apply to all patients regardless of their

Diagnosis

Decreased urine output leads to __________, which leads to an increase in HCO3-, which leads to __________."

An increase in H+, acidosis

Crystalloids

Aqueos solutions of. I eran salts or other water soluble molecules

Crystalloids

Aqueous solutions of the mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules.

Disposable face masks are to be worn whenever

there is a reasonable expectation that droplet transmission may occur

Anions or negatively charged electrolytes

Chloride, phosphorus, bicarbonate

Proximal

Closest to giving point of reference through out this course "proximal" denotes the inserted end (nearest the patients heart )

Fluids

Consist of water and solutes

What is TPN used for?

Long term therapy, delivers 2,000-3000 calories per day or more and glucose concentration 10% —50% and greater

Electrolytes are identifier by their

Electrical charge

Calcium chloride, calcium gluconate , potassium, sodium bicarbonate

Electrolyte solutions include

electrically charged solutes of the body of fluids and their role is to maintain the chemical balance of the body.

Electrolytes

Hemosiderosis

Excessive deposition of hemosiderin ( an insoluble form of tissue storage iron) in bodily tissues as a result of the breakdown of red blood cells

2 mL of isotonic crystalloid solution are needed to replace 1 mL of patient blood

False

LVN's can hang IV fluids that contain potassium?

False

a hypotonic solution such as D5W may be needed for a patient on dialysis when diuretic therapy dehydrates the cells

False

Distal

Farther from a given point of reference; throughout this course , "distal" denotes the equipment end ( farthest from the patient' gauge : diameter of a needle

capillary filtration

Forced fluid and solutes through capillary wall pores .

a liver disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV infection sometimes results in an acute illness, but most often becomes a chronic condition that can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C.

Hepatitis

Volume - controlled set:

I.V. Administration set that can deliver small amounts of fluid.

Hyponatremia

Irritability, fatigue, muscle weakness, tachycardia, headache, hypotension, increased urine output

Hypernatremia

Irritability, thirst, fever, decreased urine output, flushed skin, hypertension

Infiltration

Is the inadvertent leakage of a non -vesicant solution from the vein, into the surrounding tissue

Extravasation

Is the inadvertent leakage of a vesicant solution from the vein into the surrounding tissue

passive transport

Is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration; so it doesn't require energy.

active transport

Is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane in the direction against their concentration gradient, i.e moving from area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

Diffusion

Is the movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Filtration

Is the movement of substances from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure .

There are three basic types of fluids that are used for I.V. therapy

Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic

Which of the following are signs of shock?

Pale, cool and clammy skin

Cations or positively charged electrolytes

Potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium

Solutes that do not carry electrical charge include :

Protein, glucose, and organic acids .

Chylothorax

Puncture of lymph node with leakage of lymph fluid

Body fluids also include

Saliva, Blood, Vaginal secretions, Semen, Cerebrospinal fluid, Pericardial fluid, Peritoneal fluid, Amniotic fluid, Pleural fluid, wound drainage.

Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte that plays an important role in the body? "

Sodium

Epidermis

The _________ is composed of squamous cells that are less sensitive than underlying structures. The epidermis is the first line of defense against infection.

Dermis

The _________ is much thicker than the epidermis. This layer consists of blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, collagen fibers, lymphatic vessels and nerves.

Drip Rate

The __________represents the number of drops infused per minute. Here is the formula: Volume to be delivered x Drip factor _______________________________ = Drip

Which of the following describes the term "isotonic?"

The natural tendency for substances to flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

What is PPN used for?

Therapy lasting 3 weeks or less, delivers between 1,300-1,800 calories per day, and the maximum glucose concertados at 10%

True or false: If you are using an over-the-needle catheter to start an IV on a pediatric patient, gauges of 22 to 24 are the best choices for insertions

True

Heparin lock :

Used for intermittent therapy . Heparin flush is infused through and ends (injection ) cap that has been affixed to the access device . Hydrothorax : infusion of a solution into the chest

Body Fluids

Water and dissolved substances in the body

Dopamine, epinephrine, levophed

What are Vasopressors ?

If the infusion is continuous

When the TPN is almost empty, prepare a new bag of TPN solution

Capillaries, venules

____________provide nutrients to the tissue and take wastes away. ________connect with _______ which are the smallest veins.

The dermis layer

__________reacts quickly to painful stimuli as well as to temperature changes and pressure sensation. This is the most painful layer during a venipuncture.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is

a pathogenic microorganism that can cause potentially life threatening disease in humans.

Universal Precaution is

an infection control principle that treats all human blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) as infectious

Microorganisms is

an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye).

Hypercalcemia S/S

anorexia, nausea, fatigue, constipation, dehydration, headache, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias

Hyperphosphatemia

anorexia, nausea, tetany, tingling, cramps, nervousness, cardiac arrhythmias

In selecting an IV site, you should:

avoid areas where the vein crosses over

Hypokalemia

fatigue, weakness, leg cramps, weak/irregular pulse, hypotension, hyperglycemia, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias

Hemothorax

bleeding into the pleural cavity

Arteries

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Superficial veins

commence as a network of small veins just under the skin. Superficial veins in the hand and forearm are the ones most utilized for the initiation of IV therapy, other veins in the upper arms can also be used and frequently are accessed as venipuncture sites.

The vein

consists of three layers: Tunica adventitia, Tunica media and Tunica intima

Heart function

counteracts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, causing sodium secretion

Osmosis

is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.

Hypomagnesemia

dizziness, confusion, leg cramps, nausea, difficulty swallowing, cardiac arrhythmias

Hypertonic Fluids

have a higher osmolality than the serum. These fluids pull fluid from the interstitial and intracellular compartments back into the blood vessels. Can be used to treat low serum sodium levels or hypovolemia.

Hypotonic fluids

have a lower osmolality than the serum. When given they help hydrate the cells and can decrease the amount of fluid in the circulatory system. Hypertonic solutions have a higher osmolality than the serum. These fluids pull fluid

isotonic fluids

have the same osmolality as the serum and other body fluids. It expands the intravascular compartment. It can be used as maintenance fluid or to treat hypotension; secondary to hypovolemia.

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus that effects your CD4 cells

Hypophosphatemia

lethargy, stuttering/stammering, joint stiffness, memory loss, muscle pain

Hypochloremia

increased muscle excitability, tetany, decreased respirations

Bloodborne pathogens are

infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans.

Hypermagnesemia

muscle weakness, lethargy, nausea, hypotension, slow/weak pulse, bradycardia, decreased L.O.C.

Hyperkalemia

muscle weakness, nausea, diarrhea, lethargy, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias

Lungs and liver functions

part of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which regulates sodium, water balance and blood pressure (BP).

Kidneys Function

particles are removed from a solution through filtration

Hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland functions

produces and excretes ADH which causes the body to retain water

Personal protective equipment or PPE are

protective wear/ materials used to protect you from any splashes or body exposures to blood, and or other contaminates.

May be referred to as a hep lock or peripheral lock. this is the process of creating positvie pressure in the IV catheter with saline in order to prevent occlussion at the IV site. there is no running IV

saline lock

Adrenal glands function

secrete Aldosterone, which influences sodium and potassium balance in the kidneys

Parathyroid glands function

secretes ______________hormone which draws calcium into the blood from the bones and moves phosphorus from the blood to the kidneys where it is excreted

Thyroid Gland Function

secretes calcitonin which is a hormone that lowers elevated calcium level by preventing calcium release from the bone

Which of the following should not be done in the event of an allergic reaction to an IV medication?

slow the IV rate

Personal protective equipment must be removed prior to leaving the work area and should be disposed in

the appropriate designated container or area for storage / disposal.

Gastrointestinal tract

sodium, potassium, chloride, and water are absorbed in the ____________ 26

Hyperchloremia

stupor, rapid/ deep breathing, muscle weakness Hypochloremia: increased muscle excitability, tetany, decreased respirations Magnesium Major cation in ICF 1.5-2.5 mg/dl Active in carbohydrate and protein meta

Arterioles

subdivide into capillaries.