Judaism

The Gospels (Mathew, Mark, Luke and John) open the:

"New Testament."

Since transcendence and immanence are mutual opposites, the simultaneous affirmation of these contradictory concepts leads to what has been called the:

"Paradox of monotheism".

What does immanence imply?

"nearness" and "similarity", that we can form certain ideas about God.

Transcendence refers to the:

"otherness" of God, to the idea that God is completely different from everything you can imagine God to be - too great to be conceived by the human mind.

What is the Torah Scroll?

A hand written elaborate list of rules and regulations housed in a section of the synagogue.

Where is the Sefer Torah housed?

A section of the synagogue known as Aron Kodesh

Who is considered the first patriarch of Judaism?

Abraham

Who are the first three patriarchs of the Jewish tradition?

Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (Israel)

The story of humanity in the Bible begins with the narrative of:

Adam and Eve

Describe a Covenantal Relationship in Jewish tradition

An agreement which binds God and the Jews together

Why do Sarah & Abraham leave Ur?

Because God commanded them.

Adam's name is related to "earth", why is this significant?

Because he is born of the earth, as well as "humanity"

Christ was born in:

Bethleham

Soon after Jacob and his sons leave _________, due to famine and hardships and settle in Egypt.

Canaan

Who did Diocletian (d. 311) target with his persecutions?

Christians and also Machicheans.

What kind of things were Christians accused for in order to justify persecution during the "Jesus movement".

Christians were accused of all kinds of gross indecencies (for example, cannibalism and atheism) to justify persecution.

The Christian moment experienced periods of persecution under various Roman Emperors until the advent of:

Constantine

The Jewish tradition is centred on a ______________ ______________ with God, which is best described as an agreement which binds God and the Jews together.

Covenantal Relationship

What two men emerge as key Jewish religious and political figures after Moses?

David and Solomon.

The last significant wave of persecution against Christians began under the rule of:

Diocletian (d. 311)

What is a Pharisee?

FIND DEF. IN TEXT

Why were Adam and Eve exiled from Paradise?

For eating from the forbidden tree.

In it's understanding of human agency, Jewish theology tends to affirm _____-_____ and reject ____________.

Free-will, predestination.

Adam was created in the image of:

God

Define Anthropomorphism :

God having human form

The stories of Jesus's life were later recorded in the:

Gospels (Mathew, Mark, Luke, and John)

How did Paul contribute in particular to the Christian faith?

He contributed in particular to the spread of Christianity among non-Jews - didn't require non-Jews (Gentiles) to observe the Torah, i.e. Jewish Law.

What was Jesus critical of in the Jewish faith?

He was critical of what he saw to be the hypocrisy and pedantic legalism of the Pharisees.

Tanakh =

Hebrew Bible (Old Testament of Christianity)

Judaism and Christianity emerge from the descendants of:

Isaac

Abraham had one son with his wife Sarah, what was his name and who traces their decent though him?

Isaac, the Jewish people trace their decent through him.

Islam emerges from the descendants of:

Ishmael

Abraham had one son with his wife Hagar, what was his name and who traces their decent though him?

Ishmael, the Arabs trace their decent through him.

What does being created in the "image of God" mean to Jewish thinkers?

It does not mean that God has a human form, but more so that the human was either (1) the vicegerent or representative of God on earth, (2) that he had free will, like God, or (3) that he had intelligence and knowledge, like God.

What religious background did Jesus come from?

Jewish Background.

A covenant is established between Abraham and God, and which later is extended to include ___________ _________ as a whole.

Jewish People

The Laws of Moses or Mosaic Law which forms the basis of Jewish Law is intended for:

Jews. (To the extent that the Jews accept to live by the Torah they are "chosen")

What is the one reason why Judaism rejects Christianity's claim that Jesus is divine?

Judaism categorically rejects the possibility of God becoming man. This is because the infinite cannot become finite.

Eretz Israel

Land

What does teshuvah/teshubah mean?

Literally means to return to either God or the Torah.

How do many Jews interpret the Fall?

Many Jews have seen in the exile a parallel and prefiguring of the exile of the Jewish people from the "promised land" of Israel .

As a religion, Judaism is centred on a belief in:

Monotheism, namely, the absolute and utter unity of God.

Give a brief description of Moses and his life events:

Moses is born at a low point in !ewish history, and escapes death as a child. e is raised in the family of the Pharoah by his daughter, but is forced to flee in his adult years after &illing an Egyptian tas&master while protecting a Hebrew slave, to Midian, where he takes up the life of shepherd. He soon experiences divine revelation through a burning bush, where he receives the sacred name of God 'the four letter "tetragrammaton", and is commanded by God to lead the Jewish people out of slavery. Through the help of his brother Aaron, he succeeds, in what came to be known as the Exodus.

Where does Moses receive further revelations?

Mt. Sinai

The Holocaust, where six million Jews were murdered by ______ Germany (indisputable) making it one of the greatest travesties of the century.

Nazi

The emperor ____________ was responsible for instituting the early persecutions against Christians.

Nero (d. 68)

Did Paul of Tarsus ever meet Jesus?

No

Is repentance a good translation for teshuvah/ teshubah?

No, it puts the accent on grief and remorse.

The human being is made in the image of God, what does this mean?

Not that God has a form which resembles that of a human being, but that there is something "divine-like" about humans.

By observing the Noahide Laws or the Covenant of Noah, non-Jews are entilited a place in:

Olam Haba

He was a pivotal figure in the formative period of Christianity, considered by many to be the most important theological figure in Christianity and even the real found of the religion as we see it today.

Paul of Tarsus; the "Apostle" Paul

Although Paul of Tarsus never met Jesus, he had a religious experience. Describe it:

Paul was on his way to Damascus where he heard the voice of Christ ("Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?") which led to his conversion.

Beth Israel

People

Why was Peter executed?

Peter, the disciple of Jesus, was executed for his role in the spread of early Christianity.

________ Jews do not insist on eating kosher.

Reform.

The _______ is among the most important of commandments and is "performed" in emulation of God resting on the 7th day of creation.

Sabbath

Paul of Tarsus; the "apostle" Paul was previously known as:

Saul

The _________ or the "indwelling presence of God" manifests immanence.

Shekhinah

To experience the presence of God, therefore, is to experience the:

Shekhinah

Eve's name is related, in Hebrew, to the word for "life", why is this significant?

Since she is the progenitor and the source of life as mother of humankind.

The Written Torah can also refer to the

Tanakh in it's entirety.

To rectify wrong doing and absolve themselves of the consequences of sin, Jews engage in:

Teshuvah/ teshubah

What is the section of the synagogue known as Aron Kodesh named after?

The Arc of the covenant in which the tablets of the Torah were carried after Moses.

What is the Passover a celebration of?

The Exodus that Moses and his brother lead, to get the Jews out of Egypt & slavery

Describe the modern Palestinian-Israeli conflict:

The creation of Israel, however, resulted in another tragedy, namely the displacement of an indigenous population which inhabited the land before the state was created, mostly Palestinian Arabs (indisputable)

What does Kosher refer too?

The dietary regulations of Mosaic Law, and is observed strictly by Conservative and Orthodox Jews.

What is the sacred game of God given to Moses through the Burning Bush?

The four letter "tetragrammaton"

Judaism categorically rejects what?

The possibility of God becoming man, i.e. incarnation.

To this day, what do Jews anticipate?

The reestablishment of the dynasty of David.

Define predestination

The view that al our actions are pre-determined by God. Your choices are made for you by God, even though you have the illusion of choice.

Define free-will

The view that humans have moral agency and are capable of acting on their own. This in turn makes them completely responsible for their actions.

What happens to Jacob and his sons in Egypt?

They are forced into slavery for a period of a few centuries.

Reform Jews do not insist on eating kosher, why?

They see elaborate religious dietary restrictions as an archaic residue of older Jewish traditions that are no longer relevant and necessary.

Sefer Torah =

Torah Scroll

True or False: The significance of the Fall has been interpreted differently by the three Abrahamic traditions.

True

Where does Abraham leave to travel to Canann with his wife Sarah?

Ur (modern day Iraq)

When did the tensions between Jesus and the Jewish establishment reach their climax?

When Jesus was betrayed by Judas and crucified by the Roman authorities.

Does Judaism also reject the Trinity?

Yes

Do all three of the Abrahamic tradition accept divine transcendence and immanence?

Yes, and all are faced with with the paradox of monotheism.

Was Paul of Tarsus originally against Christianity?

Yes, initially he was a great opponent of Christianity, he later became an influential missionary for the faith.

After his death was there a movement?

Yes. The "Jesus movement" gained enough momentum to become a concern for the Roman Empire.

Yeshivah is so central to Jewish reactive that an entire religious holiday is dedicated to it:

Yom Kippur

The state of Israel was founded in 1948 as a result of the ______ movement, to establish a land for the Jewish people, particularly, but not exclusively European Jews who suffered the horrors the Holocaust.

Zionist

There are two Gemaras:

a Palestinian and Babylonian Gemara

`The "oral Torah" refers to:

all rabbinical commentary tradition on the written Torah, in and which tradition holds also to have been revealed to Moses.

The Mishnah states that those who do not have a place in Olam Haba are those who:

deny the after-life and subsequent resurrection as biblical doctrine, heretics, and those who deny the divine origin of the Torah.

Jesus founded a religious movement (out of Judaism), with 12 key:

disciples or Apostles.

The Laws of Noah are meant for:

everyone, including non-Jews.

Jewish rabbinical authorities have often insisted that while humans are responsible for their actions and thoughts, they may not be responsible for their:

impulses and inclinations.

The emperor Nero (d. 68) was responsible for:

instituting the early persecutions against Christians.

Today Isreal is inhabited mostly by:

jews of European and non-European descent

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is not necessarily a Jewish-Muslim or Judeo-Islamic religious conflict but a:

political one, with various religious and secular affiliations on both sides of the debate.

Jesus founded a:

religious movement (out of Judaism).

Jesus founded a religious movement (out of Judaism), with 12 key disciples or Apostles, which eventually became the official _________ of the Roman Empire.

religious.

While Jewish tradition tends to remain rather silent about the afterlife, Maimonides and the classical rabbinical authorities were very explicit about life-after-death and the fact that the:

righteous will be rewarded in the world to come.

Moses receives further revelations at Mt. Sinai, in the form of:

the 10 commandments (= decalogue) and the Torah.

Tanakh includes:

the Torah (the first five books of the Bible)

The first Israelite kingdom is not established until after:

the death of Moses.

Define Olam Haba

the world to come

The Jewish notion of a monotheistic God is premised on an acceptance of both divine:

transcendence and immanence.