KIN 245: The Wrist and Hand Joints
the radiocarpal joint allows how many degrees of abduction?
15-25
There are more than_____joints in the wrist and hand muscles
25
the radiocarpal joint allows how many degrees of adduction?
25-40
wrist contains how many bones?
29
each finger has____joints
3
There are_____muscles in the wrist and hand joints and _____are intrinsic
30, 18
the radiocarpal joint allows how many degrees of extension?
65-85
the radiocarpal joint allows how many degrees of flexion?
70-90
how many carpal bones are there and where are they located?
8, first and 2nd hand row
finger joint: distal interphalangeal
DIP, ginglymus
finger joint: metacarphalangeal
MCP, condyloid
finger joint: proximal interphalangeal
PIP, ginglymus
abductor pollicis longus action
abduct and extend thumb abduct wrist
abductor pollicis longus exercise
abduct thumb against resistance
Palmaris longus palpation
absent in some people, but anteromedial and proximal to wrist
extensor digitorum palpation
all fingers extended on distal posterior forearm
flexor digitorum profundus origin
anterior and medial surface of proximal 3/4 of ulna
flexor carpi radialis insertion
anterior bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
flexor pollicis longus origin
anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
flexor pollicis longus palpation
anterior surface of the thumb
flexor carpi radialis palpation
anterolateral surface of the wrist, in line with 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
flexor carpi ulnaris palpation
anteromedial forearm, few inches below medial epicondyle
wrist extension
back of hand toward posterior forearm
abductor pollicis longus insertion
base of 1st metacarpal (dorsal lateral)
extensor carpi radialis longus insertion (1)
base of 2nd metacarpal
extensor carpi ulnaris insertion
base of 5th metacarpal
flexor digitorum profundus insertion
base of distal phalanges palmer surface of 2n-5th fingers
extensor pollicis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of thumb
flexor pollicis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of thumb
extensor pollicis brevis insertion
base of proximal phalanx of thumb
extensor digitorum insertion
bases of middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers
identify the carpal bone: scaphoid
boat shaped
carpal tunnel
bony arch spanned by transverse carpal and bony ligaments
flexor carpi radialis origin
common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
carpal tunnel syndrome (involves what tendons? Reduce what nerve function?)
common with repetitive movement of hand/wrist. Most flexor tendons pass through carpal tunnel, so increased pressure can result in swelling and inflammation, reducing median nerve function.
what kind of joint is the wrist?
condyloid (flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)
flexor digitorum superficialis palpation
depressed area between palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris tendons, anterior mid forearm during resisted wrist flexion
extensor carpi radialis longus origin
distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
extensor pollicis longus palpation
dorsal distal thumb, middle of forearm between radius and ulna
extensor carpi ulnaris stretch
elbow extended with forearm pronated, wrist passively flexed and slightly adducted
extensor carpi radialis brevis stretch
elbow extended, forearm pronated, wrist passively flexed and adducted
extensor carpi radialis longus stretch
elbow extended, forearm pronated, wrist passively flexed and adducted (same as extensor carpi radialis brevis)
extensor carpi radialis brevis action (3)
extend and abduct wrist assist to flex elbow
extensor carpi radialis longus action (4)
extend and abduct wrist assist to flex elbow
extensor carpi ulnaris action (2)
extend and adduct the wrist
extensor pollicis longus exercises
extend flexed thumb against manual resistance
extensor digitorum action
extend the 2nd and 5th fingers assist to extend the wrist
extensor pollicis longus action
extend thumb abduct wrist
extensor pollicis brevis action
extension of 1st MCP joint abduct wrist
which three muscles are the most powerful wrist extensors?
extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus
what is the only muscle involve in the extension of all four fingers?
extensor digitorum
extensor digitorum origin
extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
extensor digitorum stretch
fingers maximally flexed
flexor digitorum profundus action (2)
flex 2nd-5th fingers assist to flex wrist
flexor digitorum superficialis action
flex 2nd-5th fingers flex the wrist
flexor pollicis longus action
flex the thumb assist the flex wrist
flexor carpi ulnaris action (3)
flexion and adduction of the wrist weak (assists) elbow flexion
what are the three most powerful wrist flexors?
flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris and palmaris longus
what two flexor tendons do not pass through the carpal tunnel?
flexor carpi ulnaris and palmaris longus
Palmaris longus origin
flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
anatomical sunffbox
formed by tendons of extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
flexor carpi ulnaris stretch
fully extend elbow with forearm supinated, partner passively extends and abducts the wrist
flexor carpi radialis strecth
fully extend elbow, forearm supinated, partner passively extends and adducts wrist
abductor pollicis longus stretch
fully flex and adduct thumb
what two sports where powerful wrist extension is used is the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle important?
golf and tennis
identify the carpal bone: trapezium
greater multiangular
flexor digitorum profundus exercises
gripping activities
flexor digitorum superficialis exercise
gripping and squeezing activites
identify the carpal bone: capitate
head shaped
identify the carpal bone: hamate
hooked
extensor carpi ulnaris palpation (just lateral to...)
just lateral to ulnar styloid process and crossing posteromedial wrist
abductor pollicis longus palpation
lateral aspect of wrist proximal to 1st metacarpal during wrist an thumb abduction
extensor carpi radialis brevis origin
lateral epicondyle
This is the origin for many wrist and finger extensors (two)
lateral epicondyle and lateral supracondylar ridge
extensor carpi ulnaris origin (2)
lateral epicondyle of humerus
identify the carpal bone: trapezoid
lesser multiangular
Palmaris longus stretching
maximum elbow and wrist extension exercises
flexor digitorum superficialis ulnar head origin
medial coronoid process
all of the wrist flexors generally have origins on...(2)
medial epicondyle and anteromedial proximal forearm
flexor carpi ulnaris origin (2)
medial epicondyle of humerus posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna
flexor digitorum superficialis origin
medial epicondyle of the humerus ulnar collateral ligament coronoid process of the ulna interosseous membrane proximal shaft of radius
This is the origin for many wrist and finger flexors (three)
medial epicondyle, medial condyloid ridge, and coranoid process
identify the carpal bone: lunate
moon shaped
wrist adduction
movement of little finger side of hand toward medial forearm
opposition
movement of thumb across palmar surface toward phalanges
reposition
movement of thumb as it returns to anatomical position from opposition
wrist abduction
movement of thumb side of hand toward lateral forearm
extensor pollicis brevis palpation
near insertion of posterior hand with thumb extension
flexor digitorum profundus palpation
over palmar surface during resisted finger flexion
wrist flexion
palm of hand toward anterior forearm
extensor pollicis longus stretch
passive maximal thumb flexion
extensor pollicis brevis stretch
passively flex thumb while fully adducting and flexing the wrist
identify the carpal bone: pisiform
pea shaped
flexor carpi ulnaris insertion (3)
pisiform hook of hamate base of 5th metacarpal
extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion
posterior base of 3rd metacarpal
extensor carpi radialis brevis palpation
posterior forearm during extension, proximal to dorsal aspect of the wrist, traced to base of 3rd metacarpal
extensor pollicis brevis origin
posterior surface of distal/middle radius and interosseous membrane
abductor pollicis longus origin
posterior surface of radius and ulna interosseous membrane
extensor pollicis longus origin
posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
identify extensor carpi ulnaris
posterior view
flexor pollicis longus exercises
press sponge rubber ball into hand with thumb
flexor and extensor retinaculum
prevent wrist tendons from bowstringing during flexion and extension.
extensor carpi radialis longus palpation
proximal to posterior wrist
wrist is often referred to as this because most movement occurs between distal radius and proximal carpal row.
radiocarpal joint
extensor digitorum exercise
resistance to posterior hand while fingers extend against that resistance
Palmaris longus insertion
retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
flexor digitorum superficialis insertion
sides of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers
flexor digitorum profundus stretch (in what one way is it different than flexor digitorum superficialis?)
similar flexor digitorum superficialis, except distal phalanges must also be passively extended
flexor digitorum superficialis stretch
supine forearm, passively extend elbow, wrist and phalanges
Palmaris longus action (4)
tense palmer fascia flex the wrist assist to flex elbow
identify the carpal bone: triquetrum
three cornered
flexor digitorum superficialis radial head origin
upper 2/3'ds of anterior border of radius
Palmaris longus exercises
wrist curling
flexor carpi ulnaris exercises
wrist curling against resistance
flexor carpi radialis activites
wrist curling and stabilization against resistance
flexor carpi radialis exercises
wrist curls with handheld resistance
extensor carpi ulnaris exercises
wrist extension against handheld resistance
flexor pollicis longus stretch
wrist extension and passively extending thumb
extensor carpi radialis brevis exercises
wrist extension exercises
extensor carpi radialis longus exercises
wrist extension exercises
flexor carpi radialis action
wrist flexion and abduction assist to flex elbow