KIN 2500: Chapter 17: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

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cerebrospinal fluid

CSF

femoral

The arrow is pointing to the N part of the VAN (vein, artery, nerve) structures of the anterior thigh. What is this nerve called?

anterior plexi

axons from the ______ rami of spinal nerves, except for thoracic nerves T2-T12, form _____ on both left and right sides of the body

anterior ramus

bigger ramus; muscles of upper and lower limbs; ____ and lateral trunk

proprioception

body awareness in space in relation to other things and itself

integrating center

component of reflex arc where processing is held in either spinal cord or brain (CNS)

spinal nerves

connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands in all parts of the body

spinal cord

contains neural circuits that control some of your quickest reactions to env.al changes

spinal cord

continuous with the brain and together constitute CNS

anterior median fissure (THINK: looks like butt)

deep indentation and how you tell its the ventral side

radial

Injury to this nerve, even from an intramuscular injection, could cause wrist drop. What is the name of this injured nerve?

dermatoomes

areas of skin that provide sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerves; related to nerve roots

sensory

ascending tracts

motor

The anterior (ventral) rootlets carry ___________ impulses to the spinal nerves.

axillary

Brachial plexus: part of posterior cord connected to deltoid and teres minor allowing for shoulder ABduction

long thoracic

Brachial plexus: runs along side of rib cage and goes to serratus anterior; allows for shoulder protraction

subarachnoid space

*where CSF is located*

direct and indirect pathways

2 parts of motor tracts

lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts posterior columns

2 parts of sensory tracts

vertebral column and meninges

2 protective structures of spina cord

epidural dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater

4 types of meninges

spinal cranial somatic autonomic

4 types of reflexes

sensory receptor sensory neuron integrating center motor neuron effector

5 components of reflex arc

protective

Almost all spinal reflexes are ______________ in their function.

roots trunks divisions cords branches

Brachial Plexus: Real Texans Drink Cold Beer

ulnar

Brachial plexus: medial part of M that runs behind medial epicondyle (funny bone); flexor carpi ulnaris (wrist flexors), hand and pinky and ring fingers

musculocutaneous

Brachial plexus: most lateral part of the M goes to bicep brachii and brachialis

median

Brachial plexus: part of middle cord → goes to radius and ulna; wrist flexors

radial

Brachial plexus: part of posterior cord and runs to back of the arml; triceps, anconeus, and wrist entensors

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

From the most superficial to deep, the spinal meninges are

anterior

Gray horns: cell bodies for motor neurons, mostly skeletal muscle; VOL

lateral

Gray horns: help regulate autonomic motor nuclei; INvoluntary

posterior

Gray horns: somatic and autonomic sensory info

rootlets

How is a spinal nerve connected to the spinal cord?

long thoracic

Injury of which nerve could cause paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle?

real texans drink cold beer

Mnemonic for Brachial plexus

true

T/F: roots → trunks → divisions → cords → branches

quadriplegia

The complete transection of the spinal cord at the C4 or C5 vertebral level would normally result in ________________.

meninges

The connective tissue covering that surrounds the brain and spinal cord is called the ___________________.

tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement

The conus medullaris is: - the junction between the medulla and the spinal cord. - the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement. - the inner portion of the spinal cord, seen in cross section. - the attachment of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord.

dura

The most superficial and dense of the three meningeal layers is called the ___________ layer.

lumbar enlargement

The nerves to and from the lower limbs arise from the:

tibial and common fibular

The sciatic nerve is actually made of two nerves bound together by a common sheath of connective tissue. Which two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

epidural

The space between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal, which is normally filled with a cushion of fat and connective tissue, is called the _________ space.

L2

The spinal cord in the adult normally extends to which vertebral level?

cervical

The superior enlargement of the spinal cord is the

sensory pathways

These nerve tracts consist of axons conducting impulses from the spinal cord to the brain. What are they called?

spinal nerves

These structures connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles and glands in all parts of the body. What are they called?

obturator

This nerve supplies the adductor muscles of the hip and medial skin of the thigh. What is it called?

dermatomes

This pattern of sensory nerve distribution of the skin of the body is called _____________.

central canal

This structure contains cerebrospinal fluid within the spinal cord. What is it called?

dura and arachnoid maters

What 2 meninges have sub-____ spaces?

convey nerve impulses for sensing pain, warmth, coolness, itching, tickling, and deep pressure, and a crude, poorly localized sense of touch

What are the functions of the anterior spinothalamic tract?

cell bodies of sensory neurons

What does a posterior (dorsal) root ganglion contain? cell bodies of sensory neurons cell bodies of interneurons cell bodies of motor neurons both sensory and motor information cell bodies of sensory neurons, and sensory and motor information, are correct

horns = gray columns = white

What term goes with gray matter? White? horns columns

activating quads and inhibiting hamstrings

When doc hits your knee, 2 motor signals are sent to do what and where?

phrenic

Which nerve from the cervical plexus causes contraction of the diaphragm?

posterior gray horns

Which of the following contain cell bodies of interneurons? - anterior (ventral) gray horns - posterior (dorsal) gray horns - posterior (dorsal) root ganglia

Between the dura mater and the skull is the subdural space.

Which of the following is FALSE? Vertebrae and vertebral ligaments protect the spinal cord. The meninges include the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater. Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is the subarachnoid space. Between the dura mater and the skull is the subdural space. All of these choices are correct.

sensory receptor → sensory neuron → integrating center → motor neuron → effector

Which of the following is a correct pathway for a reflex arc?

1 3 5 6 8

Which of the following nerves arise from the brachial plexus? 1. ulnar nerve 2. femoral nerve 3. median nerve 4. obturator nerve 5. axillary nerve 6. musculocutaneous nerve 7. sciatic nerve 8. radial nerve 9. tibial nerve 10. common fibular nerve

T2-T12

Which spinal nerves DO NOT participate in forming a plexus?

bc contain both motor and sensory neurons

Why are spinal nerves classified as mixed nerves?

gray commissure

Within the spinal cord, which structure forms the crossbar of the H?

denticulate

_______ ligament that attaches pia mater to arachnoid mater

ventral

anterior/front

motor

descending tracts

plexus

each network of nerves

lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts (sensory tracts)

from spinal cord to thalamus; Pain, warmth and coolness (temp), deep pressure, itching and tickling, and crude touch (not localized)

cervical enlargement

goes wider bc have lots of nerves coming off

femoral

nerve of a combination of L3 and L4 in the lumbar plexus comes down thigh, right next to its vein

thoracic

nerves go to serratus anterior

plexus

network of nerves

central canal

hole in the middle of gray commissure that's a continuation from brain and goes through whole spinal cord; CSF goes through

meningitis

inflammation of menginges

spinal cord

is the site for integration of neuronal stimulation

dermatome

knowing which spinal cord segments supply each _________ makes it possible to locate damaged regions of the spinal cord

spinal cord injury

lose function for everything below where get injury

dura mater

most superficial/outer layer and is the whole length of the spinal cord → from magnum to sacrum

phrenic nerve

nerve going to diaphragm, one on each side involved with C5 stay alive

accessory

nerve going to trapezius

sciatic nerve

nerve in butt, made up of tibial (medial) and common fibular (lat) nerves

sciatic

only nerve need to know from sacral and coccygeal plexus

indirect

pathways of motor tracts that are for automatic movement, help maintain muscle tone (posture muscles), and equilibrium

direct

pathways of motor tracts that are for really precise voluntary skeletal movements

lumbar

plexus form L1-L5

conus medullaris

point where spinal cord ends

dorsal

posterior/back

posterior columns (sensory tracts)

proprioception, discriminated of touch, light pressure and vibration

meninges

protective coverings of spinal cord

somatic

reflex: doc hitting your knee

autonomic (visceral)

reflex: from smooth muscle glands and cardiac

cranial

reflex: pupils opening/closing

spinal cord

relays sensory nerve impulses

anterior/ventral

roots with motor info

posterior/dorsal

roots with sensory info

posterior median sulcus

small indentation on dorsal side

posterior ramus

smaller ramus; deep muscles _____ trunk

epidural

space btw vertebral column and spinal cord

medullar to L2

spinal cord length = 16-18 inches. Stretches from _____ to _____.

meningitis or baby has high fever

spinal taps are used for...

C5

stay alive!! (ventilator vs. no ventilator)

arachnoid mater

thin avascular covering

pia mater

thin, adhered to surface of brain and spinal cord; actually attached to spine itself

piriformis

this muscle sits on top of sciatic nerve

vinyl terminale

thread in the middle of cauda equina; anchors spinal cord to coccyx

gray commissure (THINK: butterfly)

where horns connected in the middle

cauda equina

where spinal cord nerves hang off

intervertebral foramen

where spinal nerves exit

spinal nerve trunk

where ventral and dorsal roots combine


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