Kinesiology chapter 4

Ventral comes from the word ___.

belly

The word flexion comes from the Latin word meaning to ___.

bend

What are the three components used to name a joint action?

direction of the action, body part that moved, the joint the action occurred

The ___ (harder) surfaces of the body parts come closer together.

dorsal

Extension is the opposite of ___.

flexion

What are three examples of joint action terms?

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, lateral/medial rotation

What are the five major pairs of directional terms?

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, right lateral flexion/ left lateral flexion, lateral rotation/medial rotation, right rotation/left rotation

Abduction and adduction are movements that occur in the ___ plane.

frontal

Right/left lateral flexion are movements that occur in the ___ plane.

frontal

With nonaxial motion, the body part does move around an axis, but instead ___ as a whole in a ___ direction.

glides, linear

A nonaxial ___ motion is when the entire body part moves as a whole and moves in one direction.

gliding

Right/left lateral flexion are terms that can be used for the body parts of the axial skeleton only ( ___, ___, and ___ )

head, neck, trunk

Abduction and adduction of the thigh occur at the ___ joint.

hip

___ allow movement, ___ create movement, and ___ /___ limit movement

joints, muscles, ligaments/joint capsules

Flexion and extension of the leg occur at the ___ joint.

knee

Abduction of a body part involves a ___ movement of that body part.

lateral

___ lateral flexion is defined as a movement of a joint that bends a body part to the left side.

left

What are two major items that function to limit excessive movement at a joint?

ligaments and joint capsules

Abduction and adduction of the arm occur at the ___ joint.

shoulder

Nonaxial movement is also called ___ of the body part, because the entire body part moves the exact amount.

translation

Flexion is defined as a movement at a joint so that the ___ (soft) surfaces of the two body parts at a joint come close together.

ventral

Other than allowing movement to occur, joints have three major characteristics. What are those three?

weight bearing, shock absorbing, stability

Abduction and adduction of the hand occur at the ___ joint.

wrist

Flexion and extension of the hand occur at the ___ joint.

wrist

___ action is when a muscle contracts and the attachment that is usually considered to be more fixed, (the origin), moves, and the attachment that is usually considered to be more mobile(the insertion) stays fixed.

Reverse

___ is defined as a movement at a joint that brings a body part away from the midline.

abduction

___ is the opposite of abduction.

adduction

The ankle joint is composed by what three smaller joints?

ankle joint proper, subtalar joint, inferior tibiofibular joint

Flexion of a body part involves an ___ movement of that of a body part.

anterior

Abduction and adduction are terms that can be used for the body parts of the ___ skeleton.

appendicular

A motion of a body part that occurs about or around an axis is what type of motion?

axial

Abduction and adduction are ___ movements that occur at an anteroposterior axis.

axial

Flexion and extension are ___ movements.

axial

Right/left lateral flexion are ___ movements that occur around an anteroposterior axis.

axial

___ motion is also known as circular motion because the body part moves along a circular path around an axis

axial

The ___ is said to glide or slide along the other bone of the joint

bone

With axial motion, not every point on the body part moves the same amount. A point ___ to the ___ moves less (smaller circle) than a point farther from an axis.

closer, axis

The primary means by which a joint absorbs shock is the ___ effect of the fluid within the joint cavity.

cushioning

Nonaxial motion is also known as ___ motion of a body part because every part on the body moves in the same linear path, the exact same amount as every other point on the body part.

linear

Almost every joint of the ___ ___ and all the ___ ___ of the ___ body are weight bearing joints.

lower extremity, spinal joints, axial

Adduction of a body part involves a ___ movement of that body part.

medial

The reference line in which abduction/adduction of the fingers occurs is an imaginary line through the ___ finger.

middle

A more ___ joint is less stable; a more ___ is less mobile.

mobile, stable

All ___ joint actions of lateral flexion are same sided

muscle

What creates the movement at a joint?

muscles

The reference line in which abduction/adduction of the toes occurs is an imaginary line through the ___ toe.

second

Joint action terms typically are described in ___ ?

pairs

Extension of a body part involves a ___ movement of that of a body part.

posterior

Where does pronation of the forearm occur?

radioulnar joint

___ lateral flexion is defined as a movement of a joint that bends a body part to the right side.

right

Flexion and extension are movements that occur in the ___ plane.

sagittal

Lateral flexion is also called ___ bending.

side

Flexion and extension of the head and neck occur at the ___ joint.

spinal

Right and left lateral flexion of the neck occur at the ___ joints.

spinal

Right and left lateral flexion of the trunk occur at the ___ joints.

spinal

As a rule, weight bearing joints need to be very ___ to support the weight that is borne through them

stable

Joint action terms do not describe the ___ location of that body part or a joint is in. They describe the ___ in which a body part is moving at a ___.

static, direction, joint

The word extension comes from the Latin word meaning to ___ out.

straighten

What is the primary function of a joint?

to allow movement

What is the role of muscular contraction?

to create a force on the bones of a joint