KNPE 550 final

A researcher is examining the effects of 1 Megahertz ultrasound (US) applied at 1.5 watts per CM squared on tissue temperature increase on the quadriceps. The US is the ___________ variable whereas the tissue temperature represents the _____________ variable

independent, dependent

Please consider this hypothesis statement: We hypothesize there will be no difference in hip range of motion between PNF stretching and static stretching. This is a null hypothesis.

True

The purposes of the research, the expected duration of the prospective subject's participation, and the procedures to be followed in the research is one element of required information to present to an individual when obtaining informed consent

True

A researcher should determine the alpha level a priori when planning to test for statistical significance. This means there is flexibility to change this after data is collected and they are being analyzed

false

With respect to accessibility, electronic medical records are open to all appropriate medical entities and whomever the patient chooses

false

A researcher is going to survey students using a previously validated survey that is scored using an ordinal scale. The researcher, in the proposal, looks to describe the instrument including how it was validated. Where in the methods section should this content be placed?

instrumentation

Justice

Relates to treating people fairly.

Respect for persons

Acknowledge and treat people as autonomous and protect those with limited autonomy. This typically involves informed consent.

Which of the following is/are a basic component of an electronic medical record

All of the above are components of an EMR

Which of the following is key information that must be contained in an informed consent form

All of these represent key information that must be included

A research problem is typically based on:

All the above

An athletic trainer has pulled five years worth of diagnoses from their athletic training clinic medical records in order to identify patterns, including the frequency of injuries across various sports. The athletic trainer found that 69% of ACL injuries occurred to female athletes, with the highest number of these occurring with their basketball teams (across all levels--varsity, JV, freshman). What step on the data to wisdom continuum has been completed? Check all that apply

Data and Information

A confidence interval is equivalent to, or the same as a standard deviation

False

A researcher is collecting demographic information, including sex and race, in order to describe the participants in the study. This is an example of Ordinal type of data

False

You are conducting research on high school students. The parents have given permission for their child to participate, but now you have to obtain assent. Assent means a "child's affirmative agreement to participate in research. Mere failure to object should not, absent affirmative agreement, be construed as assent"

False

An initial step of evidence-based practice is:

Formulating a question around an area of clinical uncertainty

Which of the following is true of evidence-based practice?

It is the use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of an individual

Researchers are examining the level of job satisfaction among collegiate athletic trainers. They are using the Job Satisfaction Inventory (JSI) that results in a score that can range from 0-100. The higher the score, the higher the level of job satisfaction and it is considered ratio data. They hypothesize that athletic trainers working in programs with large staff numbers will have higher job satisfaction. So, their purpose is to examine if there is a difference in job satisfaction among athletic trainers from programs with high, moderate, and low numbers of staff athletic trainers. The researchers conducted a large, national survey of athletic trainers and had each of them complete the JSI and document the number of staff athletic trainers, including themselves, associated with their program. The researcher took the results and categorized the programs the respondents were from as Large Size Staff ( >6 athletic trainers total), Moderate Size Staff (3-6 athletic trainers total), and Low Size Staff (1-2 athletic trainers total). Given the goal to determine if there is a difference in Job Satisfaction among athletic trainers from these three classifications of program size, which of the following tests would be most appropriate?

One-way ANOVA

A research is examining the extent to which best practice guidelines are in place for athletic training facilities. For each facility standard, the response option is as follows: 1=Not addressed, 2=partially addressed, and 3=Fully addressed. These response options represent which of the following data types

Ordinal

A researcher is writing a proposal for a study she is going to conduct on dry needling. She is describing how participants will be recruited and what the inclusion (diagnosed with myofascial pain) and exclusion criteria will be. In which area of the methods should she describe this process?

Participants

____________ refers to the right to control access to ourselves and our personal information; while ___________ refers to agreements made between researchers and subjects, through the consent process, about if and how researchers will protect information provided by the subjects

Privacy; Confidentiality

Which of the following responses contain all interval type data

Range of motion, Temperature (degrees Celsius)

Using the same example as in the previous question (pasted below), which of the following is correct regarding the independent and dependent variables

The Independent Variable is Program Size and the Dependent Variable is Job Satisfaction

Which of the following is not part of an introduction to a study?

The methods for data collection and analysis

Which of the following is true of the median

The middle value in a distribution of values in a dataset

A researcher compares the hamstring flexibility of two groups using a t test. Group 1 conducted no stretching (control), group 2 received contract-relax PNF stretches. The mean difference between groups was 13 degrees and the p value was .025. Which of the following is a correct interpretation of this p value

There is no more than a 2.5% probability that the observed differences between groups occurred by chance

Researchers used one bout of myofascial release on soccer players' hamstrings and compared the flexibility with a control (no cupping) using a straight leg raise measured with an inclinometer. They used an independent samples t-test with an a priori alpha level of P=<.04. The findings from the analysis showed P=.35. What can you take away from this finding?

There is no statistical significance

Beneficence

This is essentially "do no harm" and involves maximizing benefits of participating in research and minimizing risk of harm.

Researchers examined the relationship between the average hours worked per week reported by athletic trainers (ratio data) and their perceived level of burnout using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (ratio data). The researchers used a Pearson Correlation Coefficient to analyze the data. The finding was (r=0.45, P<.001). What is the correct interpretation for this?

This represents a moderate and positive significant correlation

Cohen's d is used to present the effect size and is most typically used wen reporting t-tests and ANOVA results

True

In evidence-based clinical practice, the information made known through research is interpreted and applied by clinicians to help guide and support practice decisions.

True

Information about behavior that occurs in a context in which an individual can reasonably expect that no observation or recording is taking place, and information that has been provided for specific purposes by an individual and which the individual can reasonably expect will not be made public (Protection of Human Subjects 2017) is considered "Private Information

True

People have the right to expect that researchers will treat them as autonomous individuals, respecting their decisions about whether to take part in research and about what personal information they will or will not share with others. This is accomplished through a thorough informed consent process that is presented in a language understandable to the research subject

True

Which of the following is a required component of an informed consent form?

all of the above

Which of the following roles are the responsibility of a knowledge worker

all of the above are correct

ccording to Van Luunen and Colleagues, a broad question used to explore issues and obtain general knowledge concerning the issue being investigated is referred to as ____________; whereas a __________________ is much more specific to the case at hand that assists with identifying pieces of the clinical problem that will lead to a decision for a specific patient

background Question; Foreground Question

Which of the following is an assumption for using a parametric inferential statistic such as a t-test or ANOVA

both A and C are correct

Which of the following is true of a knowledge user

compare clinical data from an individual patient with existing knowledge

A case report is the collection of information, such as range of motion and pain levels, gathered on a course of similar treatments to patients with a known condition

false

What type of research helps us understand social phenomena in natural settings by giving emphasis to the meaning, experiences, and views (perceptions and perspectives) of participants?

qualitative

Which is true of the overall purpose of an electronic health record

to aggregate legal medical records from multiple entities (e.g., emergency room, internal medicine office, urgent care)

Which is true of the overall purpose of an electronic medical record

to present a legal medical record created within a single entity

A personal health record is owned by the patient

true

One key aspect of informed consent is that participants are not to be coerced to participate in a study. That is, they can decide to participate or not and it is up to them.

true

The background information presented in an introduction to a study should share what is currently known and what isn't known (gaps in the literature) about a topic.

true

The procedures content in a methods section should describe the participants in detail, including inclusion and exclusion criteria.

true