Landforms
The sphere of the earth has 360° that are divided into ___ time zones, making each one about ___° wide longitudinally.
24; 15
Which of these elements is not necessary for a concept sketch.
3-D drawing
Which of these human actions has the most significant long-term affect on the landscape?
Clearing a forest
Match the spatial distribution type to the appropriate description.
Clustered - close together Random - unevenly Regular - evenly
The purpose of a(n) ___ sketch is to show the spatial relationships between different aspects of a system.
Concept
What are the characteristics of parallels?
They are of equal distance from each other. The shortest parallels are near the poles.
Which statement is true for matter and/or energy according to the First Law of Thermodynamics?
They can transfer from one form to another.
True or false: Qualitative data contribute to analysis and should aid the explanation of a process that may otherwise be unclear if explained by quantitative data
True
True or false: there is strong evidence showing variety in vegetation in this image
True
The most fundamental use of GPS data is to determine ____ through satellite data.
an accurate location on Earth
Primary, or ______, is generated from new maps and observations.
brand-new data
Topographic maps are created using both laser and radar measurements and ____.
by survey teams taking physical measurements
first law of thermodynamics states that matter and energy cannot be ______ or destroyed.
created
The degrees of latitude are defined as the ___, where parallels are assigned every 10°.
degrees above or below the equator
Life-forms inhabiting the biosphere are ______ the processes of Earth's other spheres.
dependent on
Rate is calculated to determine how quickly something is changing and is expressed as _________.
distance/time
A ______ system is one in which mass and energy are constantly transferred in form, quantity, and location.
dynamic
A dynamic system is constantly changing the position, amounts, or forms of _____.
energy and matter
The ___ is an imaginary line, a parallel, that divides earth into top and bottom halves.
equator
GPS stands for ___ ___ system.
global positioning
Evaluating a landscape involves considering phenomena or processes that ___.
have happened, will continue, and are foreseeable
Local and global movement of water and associated energy near the earth's surface is called the ___ cycle.
hydrologic
Name the two spheres that play a role in the following processes: the ocean transporting sand; a river carving a bedrock channel; an earthquake creating a tsunami.
hydrosphere and lithosphere
Which spheres are recognized by scientists as overlapping with the biosphere?
hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere
Volcanic eruptions can have severe impacts on humans and the environment. Determining the type of eruption, how weather patterns might distribute ash, and what populations live nearby are all linked to the _____ of the volcano.
location
Longitudinal divisions of time zones are done along ___.
longitudinal and political lines, and landscape features
The greatest strength of using GIS is data ___.
manipulation and examination
We can display various features and navigate between two places using ______ , Which are displays of earths surface.
maps
The rock cycle primarily pertains to the ________ in the lithosphere, which includes processes of melting and the transportation of rock and soil.
movement of matter and energy
Maps allow users to ___.
navigate visualize landscapes measure slope steepness
Systems studied by physical geographers are dynamic. To study these, a(n) ________ process is used to interpret data gathered from geographic tools.
objective
Order the steps of the objective method for studying physical geography problems with the first step at the top and last at the bottom.
observation, analysis, interpretation
The energy and matter in the atmosphere are _______.
redistributed by atmospheric processes
A map emphasizing the shape of the land with shading of hills and valleys is called a shaded-___ map.
relief
The method of collecting data called ___ sensing uses a platform and sensor to collect data in the air or on land and water surfaces.
remote
A frame of reference that includes ___ is needed to communicate the location of an object to another person.
scale, origin, and direction
Preexisting maps are ___ data sources, providing information to answer a new question using confirmed data from an established map.
secondary
The longitude-based system for standardized time is used to determine ___.
the hours, minutes, and seconds of each day
Remote sensing is a method of data collection that ___.
uses many forms of data to produce images.
Shaded-relief maps allow map users to ______.
visualize the land shape
Which of the following are ways humans influence the landscape?
Creating parks, Altering river channels, Building roads and buildings
Like other locations in the western US, southwestern Colorado receives seasonal rain and is susceptible to ___ flows after fires such as the 416 Fire in 2018.
Debris
Which term would best be used to describe topographic features in the whole Atlantic Ocean?
Depth
GIS used point-pattern analysis to determine spatial ___ of data points and if the data points are clustered, random, or regularly spaced.
Distribution
Which three answers best define physical geography?
Distribution of features and phenomena across the globe, processes that change Earth's landscapes, impact of landscape and environment on people.
Delivery services, bus operators, and just about any person who drives to unfamiliar locations uses GIS to ___.
Find the shortest route
Seasonal rains, I.e., monsoons, can readily create flash floods and mass movements n areas that have recently experienced ___.
Fires
Which of the following phenomena would most likely be studied by a physical geographer?
How many polluted rainfalls does Seattle receive per year?
The 416 Fire north of Durango, Colorado, started on June 1, 2018, due to ___.
Human activities
An observation may lead to a question when studying natural phenomena. The first step to answering that question would be forming a(n) _______.
Hypothesis
What are important requirements for a frame of reference to identify an objects location, and to communicate that location to another person.
Identify an origin near an object-- specifically something fixed. Set a scale, or method of determining distance, within your system. Identify a method of determining direction within your system.
Qualitative data may include_____, whereas quantitative data may include______.
Images; measurements
Match the steps of how to construct a concept sketch with the correct descriptions.
Make a list of what to discuss. - What observations, interpretations, and other aspects should be included Decide what to sketch. - How general or detailed the sketch should be to explain your key ideas. Annotate your sketch. - Label important features and write sentences describing the relationships between features and processes.
GPS has a wide range of applications. Physical geographers could use it for __________.
Mapping landscapes, monitoring environmental changes.
During an investigation ____ are valued as a source of primary data because they supply qualitative data about an area, and quantity be data such as topography, number of trees, and locations of other elements.
Maps
Describe the different types of remote sensing by matching the name to the descriptor.
Microwave: Images from satellites are created with data gathered from waves that penetrate clouds; can be used to measure surface-water elevations. Multispectral: Sensors collect from multiple wavelengths of energy; an example is forest fire tracking. Radar, sonar, and lidar: The emittance, recorded reflection, and return time of energy waves from a sensor to landscape below are used to assess topography in inaccessible areas.
The UTM systems location accuracy is found in the ____ of each of the 60 zones. Coordinates are given as ____ from the center of the zone d from the equator.
Middle; meters
A system that has a flow of inputs and outputs is considered a(n) ______ system, compared to a(n) ______ system, which conserves mass and energy.
Open; closed
In the PLSS coordinate system, offsets of the Principal Medan are called ___, offsets of the Base Line are called___, and subsections of these are divided into a grid of thirty-six.
Ranges Townships Sections
____ are used to calculate wind speed (mph), annual deforestation (are per year), and pollution changes of the 21st century (particulates per century).
Rates
The _______ cycle involves the movement of matter and energy on and below the earths surface through erosion, melting, metamorphism, and uplift.
Rock
Chose all of the characteristics that make the State Plane Coordinate System unique.
SPCS "flattens" the land into a plane. The frame of the reference is unique to each state. SPCS is used only in the United States.
Summarize the state plane coordinate system by identifying key elements of how it works
SPCS uses x and y coordinates SPCS is used only in the United States SPCS ignores the curvature of the earth
The ____ of a map is a method or relating the ratio of how a distance on the map relates to the physical distance on Earth.
Scale
An existing map can be used to analyze a new question. The original map then is considered to be ___.
Secondary data source
Firefighters used GIS to determine the way the 416 Fire was moving, and with overlays of streets and building, which areas ____.
Should be evacuated
Topographic images are made using laser and radar measurements from ___.
Spacecraft and photographs
The geographer's general approach to a problem is to think about its location in the landscape and its scale compared to the environment, which requires thìnking _______ about the setting. Geographers also need to approach problems holistically
Spatially
Select the coordinate system names that correspond to the acronyms UTM, PLSS, and SPCS.
State Plane Coordinate System Universal Transverse Mercator Public Land Survey System
Map scale can be used to describe distance conversions or ___
The amount of area shown on the map
Which of these correctly describe the vegetation in this landscape photo?
The sand dunes lack vegetation The highest part of the mountain has no trees
Select the names of the four main spheres of earth.
Atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere
Give examples of how the four spheres interact by matching the interacting spheres with a phenomenon.
Atmosphere-Hydrosphere: Clouds Lithosphere-Atmosphere: Emissions of volcanic gases. Biosphere-Atmosphere: Vegetation in wet or dry climates. Hydrosphere-Lithosphere: Stream-cut channels. Biosphere-Hydrosphere: Coral reefs. Biosphere-Lithosphere: Plants growing in soil.
Match the name of the sphere with what is contained within it.
Atmosphere: Gases Biosphere: Living organisms Hydrosphere: Water Lithosphere: Solid Earth
The wildfires in southwestern Colorado in 2018, including 416 Fire, were exacerbated by exceptional, long-term ___ which caused the trees to be very dry.
Drought
Order these natural hazards so that the on above is responsible for creating the one below.
Drought Wildfire Debris
Describe the UTM System using the items below.
Earth is divided into north-south zones The globe is shown as a rectangular image.
Match the terms elevation, depth, and relief with descriptions of what they represent.
Elevation: Vertical distance measured from sea level to feature height. Depth: Vertical distance measured from sea level to feature height below water surface. Relief: Vertical distance of one feature compared to another nearby.
Wind, solar radiation, and clouds contribute to the processes that transfer _____ and _____ in the atmosphere. Neither of these can be created nor destroyed.
Energy; matter
Match the type of system with the description.
Open system: energy and material move in and out of the system Closed system: Material is not exchanged with the surroundings (but energy could be).
Familiar navigation systems used by taxi or delivery truck drivers use ___ to determine the shortest route possible from one location to another.
GIS
Geographic information, such as aerial photographs, field observation, and data points are typically combined in computerized databases, called ____ ____ ____.
Geographic Information Systems
The prime meridian, defined as 0° longitude measurement, is used as the global reference point for our time system. The time zone at the prime meridian is called ___ Mean Time.
Greenwich
180° from the prime meridian is the ___ ____ Line. When the prime meridian advances to the next day, this other meridian is exactly 12 hours behind the prime meridian and therefore still in the previous day.
International Date
Which of these does not describe the purpose of a concept sketch.
It reports the results of detailed sampling and studies
The _________ of something in the natural or human environment is the underlying factor in how it both affects and is affected by other features surrounding it.
Location
Put the sentences in the correct order of how to construct a concept arch with the first step on top.
Make a list of what to discuss Decide what to sketch Annotate your sketch
List some ways GPS is used.
Monitoring wildlife Tracking agriculture Tracking consumer product shipments
The 416 Fire north of Durango, Colorado, started on June 1, 2018, lasted for a few ___.
Months
A geographer's holistic view to solve problems may be described by the integration of _______
Natural and social sciences
Order the following steps of the scientific method from top to bottom by completing the phrases
Observe-a problem Ask- a question Propose- a hypothesis Develop- predictions Compile- data Evaluate- results
In the United States, there are four primary coordinate systems: latitude and longitude, State ___ Coordinate System (SPCS), ___ Land Survey System (PLSS), and Universal Transverse ___ (UTM).
Plane; Public; Mercator
The PLSS coordinate system is based around an origin with a ___ Meridian running north-south and a ___ line running east-west.
Principal; base
The hydronic cycle is best describes as ______.
The circulation of water around the globe.
Which of the following apply to latitudes?
The equator is measured as 0 degrees latitude. Lines of latitude are parallels, running east-west across the globe.
A concept sketch should be drawn with ___.
The level of detail you need
Describe the different types of remote sensing by matching the name to the descriptor.
Visible and near infrared (IR)--Records multiple spectra of light. Thermal infrared (IR)-- Captures variances in heat emitted by objects.
The concept and use of longitude to determine time across the globe is important because ___.
We operate as an international society, and need established time zones.
Officials us GIS data from the Durango 416 Fire to determine ___.
Which way the Fire was moving Which roads to close to avoid danger
