LAT Exam Prep
How many Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) members are required by the Animal Welfare Regulations (enforced by the United States Agricultural Department)?
3
How often must the institution update its registration with the USDA if using AWA-covered species?
3 years
How frequently does the Guide specify that the IACUC review the entire animal care and use program, including an inspection?
At least once a year
The ____________ is responsible for the health and wellbeing of the animals in the program.
Attending veterinarian
Animals may be used for research after an animal use protocol is submitted to the IACUC.
False. IACUC must approve first
The IACUC must have the approval of the institutional official to suspend a study involving the use of animals.
False The IACUC can approve and suspended as needed
The USDA requires that nonhuman primates be shipped with a health certificate.
True
A facility has an average daily census of 168 gerbils. The cost of feed, bedding, caging, and salaries for the year is $141,675. What would be the per diem rate per gerbils?
$2.31 141,675/365 = 388.150685 388.150685/168 = $2.31
If a 10-lb bag of feed costs $35 and a group of animals eats 2 lb a day, what is the cost for the number of bags needed in a month?
$210
If a 10lb bag of feed costs $35 and a group of animals eats 2lb a day, what is the cost for the number of bags needed in a month?
$210
If a bag of feed weighs 15 kg and costs $50, what is the cost per kg?
$3.33 per kg
What are the 4 steps for an aseptic prep to cleanse and disinfect the skin?
-Apply a surgical antiseptic detergent to the incision are and scrub with a gauze sponge, starting from the center of the surgical site and working in a circular motion outwards. -Repeat this scrub 3 times -Following the scrub with an application of 70% ethyl alcohol or another antiseptic -Paint or spray the skin with a povidone iodine solution. Alternatively, apply adhesive drapes impregnated with povidone iodine.
To draw into a syringe 100 mg of a preparation at a concentration of 25 mg/ml, what would be the volume needed?
. 4 mL
How many vaccines are routinely used for rodents?
0
In a mouse, the maximum IM injection volume is
0.05 ml
A prescribed medication has a concentration of 50 mg/mL. How many milliliters (mL) of medication should a 500 g guinea pig receive if the dosage is 10 mg/kg?
0.1 mL 500 g x 0.001 kg/g = 0.5 kg 10 mg/kg x 0.5 kg = 5.0 mg of ketamine 5.0 mg ÷ 50 mg/mL = 0.1 mL to administer
What is the smallest sized particle that HEPA filters are able to remove?
0.3 microns
What is the smallest sized particle that HEPA filters can remove from air?
0.3 microns
A veterinarian writes an order for a 35 g mouse to have a 2 mg/kg dose of an injectable medication. This medicine comes in a strength of 0.1 mg/mL. How many mL will you administer?
0.7 mL
For gastric gavage of fish, the volume administered should not exceed ____% of body weight.
1
For gastric gavage of fish, the volume administered should not exceed ______% of body weight.
1
2.2 lb
1 Kg
1000 g
1 Liter
1 mL = ___ cc
1 cc
One millimeter is equivalent to
1 cubic centimeter
0.454 kg
1 lb
16oz=_____lb
1 lb
What is the minimum height above the floor for the location of electrical outlets?
1 m
1 g
1 mL
Subacute study
1 month
What is the common guideline for the safe percentage of blood volume, expressed as a percent of the body weight, that can be taken every 2 weeks?
1%
List The following steps of job planning in order that they should be performed
1. Establish/organize goals 2. Prioritize/schedule tasks 3. Identify resources needed to complete the tasks 4. Begin work on the task 5.Reasses to-do list for remaining tasks.
How many strokes does each surface of the arm receive when scrubbing for surgery?
10
10 mL
10 cc
10 cc
10 mL
It is recommended that neonatal mice receive retroorbital injections no greater than what volume?
10 microliters
Which air change rate is considered a generally acceptable general standard?
10-15 air changes per hour
An animal facility feeds 22 sheep 1.5 kg of feed each per day. How many 50-lb bags of feed would you need each week? (Conversion factor: 2.2 lb/kg)
10.2 22 sheep x 1.5 kg feed = 33 kg feed per day 33 kg x 7 days = 231 kg per week 231 kg per week x 2.2 lb/kg = 208.2 lb feed per week 508.2/50 lb per bag = 10.2 bags per week
An animal facility with 22 sheep feeds 1.5 kg of feed per sheep each day. How many 50 lb bags of feed would you need each week? (Conversion factor: 2.2 lb/kg)
10.2 Number of animals x feed per day = daily feed required Daily feed required x 7 days = weekly feed required Weekly feed required ÷ amount of feed in bag = # of bags per week 22 sheep x 1.5 kg feed = 33 kg feed per day 33 kg x 7 days = 231 kg per week 231 per week x 2.2 lb/kg = 508.2 lb feed per week 508.2 lb ÷ 50 lb per bag = 10.2 bags per week
0.1 g
100 mg
A 5% alcohol solution by volume would be a solution made from 5mL of alcohol and enough solvent to bring the total volume up to ________ mL.
100%
What light level do most fish require?
100-150 lux
The weights of five female hamsters were recorded: 101g, 103g, 108g, 105g, and 106g. What was the average weights of these aniamals?
104.6g
A cage that is 30 cm in length is how long in inches? (Conversion factor: 2.54 cm/in)
11.8 inches
Which amount of calcium chloride (CaCl2) would be needed to make a 1 molar solution? (Atomic Mass: Ca 40.08 g/mole; Cl 35.44 g/mole)
110.96 g calcium chloride plus water to make 1 L
What is the typical exposure time for formaldehyde decontamination?
12 hours
What is the typical light schedule in housing rooms for most lab animal species?
12 hr light: 12 hr dark
How long does a subchronic test last?
13 weeks (3 months)
How much does a 30-lb dog weigh in kg?
13.6 kg
How much does a 30 lb dog weigh in kg? (Conversion factor: 2.2 lb/kg)
13.64kg 30lb ÷ 2.2 lb/kg = 13.64kg
What is the appropriate light intensity for albino mice and rats?
130 - 325 lux
It is recommended that adult mice receive retroorbital injections no greater than what volume?
150 microliters
What is the maximum volume that can be injected into an adult mouse retroobitally?
150 microliters
If a room measures 480 square feet in area and has a width of 30 feet, what is the length of the room?
16 ft
At what temperature range should these species be maintained Amphibians from temperate regions:
18C to 22C (64F to 72F)
After how many consecutive litters that failed to thrive should rodent breeders be retired?
2
Archives are kept for ______ years after study completion if the study is not submitted for a marketing permit or is discontinued.
2
Which suture size indicates the thickest suture?
2
the fish has how many heart chambers
2
How many mL are in 2 cc of a solution?
2 mL
How many milliliters of 15% solution pre-anesthetic should be drawn up in a syringe for a 40 lb dog if the dosage is 20 mg/kg? (Conversion factor: 2.2 lb/kg)
2.4 mL
1 Inch
2.54 cm
At which fill level is it recommended to seal and dispose of a sharps container?
2/3
What is the germicidal spectrum of ultraviolet light for killing microorganisms?
200-280 nanometers
What is the spectrum of UV light used for killing microorganisms?
200-280 nanometers
Most Laboratory animals can tolerate a temperature of ______ to _______
21.1 C to 24.5C (70F to 76F)
At what temperature range should these species be maintained Tropical amphibians:
21C to 29C (70F to 84F)
Using the following information, what would give a 2-molar solution of calcium chloride (CaCI2) Atomic Mass Ca = 40.1, Atomic Mass Cl =35.5, Atomic Number Ca = 20, Atomic Number Cl = 17
222.2 g CaCl2, plus sufficient water to bring the volume to 1L
How much does a 10kg dog weigh in pounds?
22lb
According to the PHS policy, any are used for animal confinement is considered is considered a satellite facility if the animals are maintained there for more than _____ hours.
24
Which is the smallest needle in this list? 20 gauge 22 gauge 25 gauge 18 gauge
25 gauge
Which is the smallest needle? 20 gauge 22 gauge 25 gauge 18 gauge
25 gauge
To reconstitute a 1 g vial of a freeze-dried drug to yield a 4% solution, what volume of diluent do you need to add?
25 mL
An animal weighs 10kg. You are told to give 2.5mg/kg of a medication to the animal SID. What is the total amount of medication you would give the animal in one day?
25mg
Calculate the area of a cage that is 10 in wide x 28 in long.
280 sq in area = length x width; area = 28 in x 10 in = 280 sq in (280 inch square ) area
Calculate the area of a cage that is 10 inch wide x 28 inch
280 square inch
The most common scalpel handle size is
3
amphibians and most reptiles have how many heart chambers
3
How long does the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) require that protocol records be retained?
3 Years
What are the most common sizes of scalpel handle?
3 and 4
Subchronic study
3 months
How long does the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) require that protocol record be retained?
3 years
Several type of records must be maintained by research institutions (i.e., minutes of IACUC meetings, etc.). How long must these records be retained by the institution for possible review after the completion of the project?
3 years
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Public Health Service (PHS) require that both minutes of IACUC meetings and semi-annual inspection reports be kept for how long?
3 years
9 cm = ______________ in
3.54 Inches
Standard needle length is
3/8 inch to 2 inches
A vein should be punctured at an angle of approximately _____ degrees, with the bevel facing away from the skin.
30
A vein should be punctured at an angle of approximately ________ degrees, with the bevel facing away from the skin.
30
What is the maximum amount of blood that should be taken from a 3 kg rabbit every 2 weeks?
30 mL
The relative humidity should be in the range of _________ to _________ for most mammalian species
30 to 70%
What relative humidity range does the Guide recommend for most mammalian species?
30% - 70%
A male rat has the following weights recorded over a 5-month period. Calculate the average weight for that period.
304.6 g average weight over the five-month period (305 g + 309 g + 307 g + 303 g + 299 g) / 5 = 304.6 g
A 9-kg bag of feed costs $34. What is the cost of this feed per kg?
34 / 9 = $3.78 per kg of feed
The Guide requires a female rat and her litter of 5 to have 800 cm squared of floor area. If the width of the cage is 22.25 cm, what is the minimum length needed to comply with the Guide?
36 cm
If an anemometer gives a reading of 600 cubic feet per minute (CFM), what is the cubic feet per hour (CFH)?
36,000 CFH
How many categories are there in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) pain descriptions?
4
What volume do you need to draw into a syringe for 100mg of a preparation at a concentration of 25mg/ml?
4 mL
How many times a day would you administer a drug prescribed QID?
4 times
How many times a day would you administer a drug prescribed to be given QID?
4 times
Of the following suture sizes, which is the smallest in diameter? 1 0 2-0 4-0
4-0
The surface of each arm should receive how many strokes while scrubbing prior to surgery?
40
What is the height of a cage in centimeters (CM) that is 18 inches?
45.7 CM
What is the height of a cage in centimeters (cm) that is 18 inches? (Conversion factor: 2.54 cm/in)
45.7 cm 18 in x 2.54 cm/in = 45.7 cm height
Converter a 4.6% (w/v) solution into mg/mL
46 mg/mL
You are responsible for monitoring the ventilation of an animal room that is 30 ft x 20 ft x 15 ft and has an airflow of 800 cubic feet per minute (CFM). What is the airflow, expressed in cubic feet per hour (CFH)?
48,000 CFM CFM x 60 min/hr = CFH 800 x 60 min/hr = 48,000 CFH
What is the average amount of food eaten by a nonhuman primate over a 3-day period if the amount of food consumed over those days was 494 g, 497 g, and 500 g?
497 g
What is the average amount of feed eaten by a nonhuman primate over a 3-day period if the amount of feed consumed over those days was 492 g, 499 g, and 500 g?
497g (492g + 499g + 500g) ÷ 3 = 497g
Any animals obtained from animal shelters or pounds must be held at the shelter for a minimum of _____ days before being sold to a research facility
5
Archives are kept for ________ years after a study completion if they support a research or marketing permit that was not approved.
5
How many classified types of bones are there based on shaped and length
5
You are responsible for monitoring the ventilation of an animal room that is 30 ft x 20 ft x 15 ft and has an airflow of 800 cubic feet per minute (CFM). What is the number of room air changes per hour?
5.3 air changes/hour CFH/room volume = air changes per hour 48,000/9,000 = 5.3 changes/hour
To reconstitute a 1-gram vial of a freeze-dried drug to yield a 2% solution, what volume of diluent would you add?
50 mL
A 5% solution is equivalent to:
50 mg/ml
LD 50 measures the median lethal dose of a substance required to kill _______ of the test population.
50%
GLP data archives are kept for ___________ after study completion if they support research or marketing permit that was not approved, but they are kept for ___ years after study completion if the study is not submitted for a marketing permit or is discontinued.
5; 2
What is the maximum number of surgeries for oocyte collection recommended over the life of a Xenopus?
6
What is the maximum number of surgeries for oocyte recommended over the life of a Xenopus?
6
What is the maximum number surgeries for oocyte collection recommended over the life of an Xenopus?
6
What is the substrain of C67BL/6J?
6
If 80 pounds of feed are needed each month and each bag of feed weights 15 pounds, how many bags must be delivered each month?
6 bags
Chronic study
6 months to 1 year
After how many litters is it recommended that female mice be retired as breeders?
6 to 7
An animal's total blood volume is approximately what percentage of its body weight?
6%
What is the approximate blood volume of an animal?
6% of body weight
How many milligrams of ketamine should be given to a 15-lb cynomolgus monkey if the dosage is 10 mg/kg?
68.2mg
If a cage is 7 inches wide and 25.4 cm long, what is the area of the cage?
70 square inches
While appropriate room temperature varies with species, what is the temperature range that many facilities use? a. 59 to 64 ˚F b. 64 to 69 ˚F c. 70 to 76 ˚F d. 77 to 84 ˚F
70F to 76F
While appropriate room temperature varies with species, what is the temperature range typically used by many facilities?
70F to 76F
If 10 animals are each feed 500g of food every day, how many pounds of this food is used in a week?
77
How many US Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training are there?
9
You are responsible for monitoring the ventilation of an animal room that is 30 ft x 20 ft x 15 ft and has an airflow of 800 cubic feet per minute (CFM). What is the volume of the room in cubit feet?
9,000 cubic feet Room Volume = length x width x height 30 x 20 x 15 = 9,000 cubic feet
If a cage is 10 inches wide and 15 inches long, what is its area in square centimeters?
967.74 cm squared
What is the duration of a typical acute toxicity study?
<24 hours
What oral device may be necessary to safely and effectively gavage a large animal?
A bite bar
What indicates a correct intradermal injection?
A bleb at the site
What is a ganglion?
A cluster of nerve cells
What is homeostasis?
A constant internal environment
Which of the following is TRUE about the ethical decision=making process?
A decision could be made to remove an animal from a study.
Dosage
A dosage is an expression of how much drug to administer per unit of body weight
Dosage Regimen
A dosage regimen is a prescription for the amount (dose) of a drug to administer, the route of administration, the frequency ( as in how many times a day) of administration, and the duration of treatment.
Which of the following is an example of an inducible phenotype?
A gene that is turned on by doxycycline
What is a tissue?
A group of cells that performs a specialized function
What is tissue?
A group of cells that performs a specialized function
What helps to prevent cell lysis during blood collection?
A large size needle
What is the Whitten Effect?
A male is added to a cage of females, resulting in the initiation of their estrus cycles.
Which breeder mouse would be least likely to be retired?
A male that has been bred for 4 months
Which breeder mouse would be lest likely to be retired?
A male that has been bred for 4 months
How many generations of brother-to-sister matings are needed to establish an inbred strain?
A minimum of 20
What is a transgenic mouse?
A mouse that had DNA from a different source in its genes
Rotation
A pivoting movement, such as turning the head from side to side
What document must an institution which houses USDA-covered animals submit to the USDA each year?
A report that states the location of all animal facilities and species
What information is NOT typically provided in a grant application?
A search for alternatives to potentially painful procedures.
What is muscle tone?
A slight state of contraction
What is sterility?
A state in which no living microorganisms are present
What is a teratogen?
A substance that damages a developing fetus
What is an adjuvant?
A substance that enhances the immune response
What is a pyrogen?
A substances that produces a fever
What is the general guideline for selecting the size syringe to be used for collecting or injecting a volume of fluid?
A syringe should be about twice the size as the fluid volume
What guideline assists in the selection of the size syringe to be used?
A syringe should be about twice the size as the fluid volume to be collected or injected.
What is research?
A systemic investigation to establish facts
Periosteum
A white fibrous membrane that covers a bone, except at the joint surface
What document can help ensure technical accuracy in delegated tasks?
A written SOP
The animals are heterozygous for the gene AB
AB hets
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the USDA administers the AWR to enforce the _______
AWA
Enforced by USDA, APHIS
AWA/AWARs
Which change should be monitored in ascites-producing mice?
Abdominal distention
What movement occurs when a bone is moved away from the midline of the body?
Abduction
. What is the true stomach called in the ruminant?
Abomasum
Identify the chambers D of the ruminant stomach in the diagram below.
Abomasum
What are one of the components of the ruminant stomach?
Abomasum
What is the true stomach called in the ruminant?
Abomasum
Which factor in the water is essential for aquatic species?
Absence of chlorine
Amphibians and fish permeable skin which can allow which of the following to happen?
Absorb toxins
How does the AVMA guidelines categorize methods of euthanasia?
Acceptable, acceptable with conditions, and unacceptable.
Which are the three categories of euthanasia methods according to the AVMA Guidelines?
Acceptable, acceptable with conditions, and unaceptable
List 3 husbandry procedures that are required to care for immunocompromised animals.
Acidified or chlorinated water Sterilized feed and bedding Individually ventilated/microisolation type caging
Which of the following is a factor of the decontamination or sterilization agent that will NOT determine success?
Acidity of agent
Which of the following is a record-keeping requirement of the Animal Welfare Regulations?
Acquisition records must be maintained for dogs and cats that are received by the facility
According to the Guide, what does "humane care" mean?
Actions taken to assure that laboratory animals are treated according to high ethical & scientific standard.
Which of the following is NOT toxic to amphibians?
Activated Carbon
What acts as a sponge during chemical filtration and allows chemicals to bind to its surface?
Activated carbon
What is an example of a chemical filter?
Activated carbon
Which of the following is NOT toxic to amphibians?
Activated carbon
Which substance is an example of a chemical fitler?
Activated carbon
To collect sperm from a male zebrafish, what is avoided by ensuring that the urogenital pore is dry?
Activation of the sperm
What is the main consideration in the design of cage wash areas, surgery suites, and procedure rooms?
Activities to be performed in these areas
Which type of disease has a rapid onset and a short duration?
Acute
What are the 4 ways in which toxicology tests can be categorized by the timeframe of the exposure to the toxic substances?
Acute Subacute Sub-chronic Chronic
What process is a standard way to dechlorinate water?
Add sodium thiosulfate
How is the molecular weight determined for a molecule?
Add the atomic weights of each atom in the molecule
What is the term for a method that cannot be used as the sole method of euthanasia but is acceptable when used after an animal has been made unconscious?
Adjunctive
Complete Freund's, Incomplete Freund's, Titer-Max and RIBI are all examples of:
Adjuvants
Match type and name of the Instrument Thumb tissue forceps
Adson-Brown
Non-penetrating captive bolt is acceptable with conditions for the euthanasia of all of the following animals EXCEPT?
Adult dogs
Xenopus is the genus of which species?
African clawed frogs
When should husbandry for quarantined animals be scheduled?
After completing work with the other animals in the facility
Which would NOT be a cause of a congenital disease?
Age-related changes in adults
Which of the following is UNACCEPTABLE for euthanasia in any animal?
Air embolism
What is the term for a passageway with two locking doors that cannot be opened simultaneously?
Airlock
What term describes a passageway with two locking doors that cannot be opened at the same time?
Airlock
What term describes a passageway with two locking doors which cannot be opened simultaneously?
Airlock
Which of the following is a disinfectant?
Alcohols
What is another name for the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
Alimentary canal
Which statement below is NOT true?
All equipment used in a GLP study must be not shared with other studies to avoid contamination
List 5 generally accepted guidelines for the sterilization of surgical instruments and cloth materials.
All gowns, drapes and other washable fabrics must be laundered. The use of disposable gowns and drapes eliminates the need for laundering.
How does the Guide define biosecurity?
All measures to control known or unknown infections in laboratory animals
The Animal Welfare Regulations specify that personnel should receive what type of training with animals with which they work? a. Appropriate handling and procedures b. Ways to apply the 3R's c. Methods for reporting deficiencies in animal care and treatment d. All of the above
All of the above
What does the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) have the authority to do? a). Approve animal care and use protocols b). Deny an investigator permission to begin a research project c). Stop a previously approved protocol d). All of the above
All of the above
What is the purpose of the expansion colony? a) The breeding of this colony generates the colony that is used for research. b) It helps ensure genetic traits will not be lost if anything happens to the founders. c) This colony is the closest to the original set of genetic traits d) All of the above
All of the above
Where are catheters placed? Blood vessels Bladder Spine All of the above
All of the above
Which animals below are covered under the Public Health service (PHS) Policy?
All vertebrate animals
What animals are covered under the PHS Policy?
All vertebrates
What are different versions of the same genes called?
Alleles
Different versions of the same gene
Allels
Match type and name of the Instrument Tissue forceps
Allis
What does a tether system do?
Allows for repeated vascular access without the need to restrain or anesthetize the animal each time
What does a tether system allow for?
Allows for repeated vascular access without the need to restrain or anesthetize the animal each time.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood and the air in which anatomical structure of the lung?
Alveoli
What lungs structures are made of a single layer of epithelia cells enveloped in a network of finely divided capillaries?
Alveoli
What is a biological filter?
Am inert substrate that binds nitrifying bacteria
If animals are to be euthanized at the end of a study, the method of euthanasia must be in accordance with he guidelines set up by the __________
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
If animals are to be euthanized at the end of a study, the method of euthanasia must be in accordance with the guidelines set up by which organization or agency?
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Which factor can become increasingly toxic under alkaline conditions?
Ammonia
If bleach is mixed with a cleanser containing _______ , irritating, volatile compounds are produced.
Ammonia or acids
Fill in the gaps to show the steps involved in processing nitrogenous wastes in the biological filter. _______________ ---Niltrosomonas bacteria----> _____________ --- Nitrospira bacteria-----> _________________
Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate
Which substance is used to neutralize formaldehyde gas?
Ammonium bicarbonate
Which class of animals have small structures called lymph hearts that contract to move lymph from sacs into the circulatory system?
Amphibians
The process by which a gene of interest is replicated is known as
Amplification
What document can be used to meet the requirements for an OLAW semiannual program evaluation and report?
An AAALAC site visit report
What is bloat?
An abnormal amount of air, food, or liquid in the stomach
Which of the following describes a coisogenic animal?
An animal that has a single mutation that differs from other animals of that strain
What step must occur before a research study using animals begins?
An animal use protocol must be approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)
Which statement is FALSE?
An antibody reacts to multiple diverse antigens
According to the Animal Welfare Act Regulations, a study area refers to what type of area?
An area outside of the animal facility in which animals are housed for more then 12 hours
What is not required by Animal Welfare Regulations for transport cages?
An elevated screened bottom to keep animals off the floor of the cage
What would NOT be recorded on an animal's health records?
An exercise program
What is a chimera?
An individual who has some cells containing the new gene and some cells without, the new gene
What is a biologic filter?
An inert substance that is a substrate which binds nitrifying bacteria
What side effect may result if blood is taken too frequently from a research animal?
Anemia
The rate of air flow from a vent is measured using which device?
Anemometer
The long period between breeding seasons in some animal species such as dogs and cats is referred to as ___________
Anestrus
What are three components that must be described in the Animal Welfare Assurance?
Animal Care and Use Program description, Institutional Status, and IACUC membership.
What regulation specifically protects employees who report significant deficits in a research program?
Animal Welfare Act
What is the agreement from research institution outlining how it complies with the Public Health Service (PHS) Policy?
Animal Welfare Assurance
Which of the following describes what a facility must do to comply with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)?
Animal Welfare Regulations
What federal agency is responsible for enforcing and administering the Animal Welfare Regulations?
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
What record is needed to calculate per diems?
Animal census records
In a GLP animal study, test system refers to what?
Animal model
all WT
Animals are wild type
Replacement
Animals be replaced by non-animals alternatives
Which statement is false about the studies conducted in compliance with GLP Regulations?
Animals on different GLP studies must be housed in separate rooms.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about inhalant agents used for euthanasia?
Animals should be protected from contact with the liquid form of the anesthetic agent.
One of the 4 core values for the ethical treatment of laboratory animals.
Animals used in research should be maintained in a way that provides.
One of the 4 core values for the ethical treatment of laboratory animals.
Animals used in research should not be subjected to any unnecessary pain & distress
Gnotobiotic animals are:
Animals with carefully defined microbial flora, none of which are pathogenic.
What do plasma cells produce when they are exposed to antigens?
Antibodies
What chemical blocks the clotting of blood?
Anticoagulant
What induces the production of antibodies?
Antigens
Which type of chemical can be used on live aniamls?
Antiseptics
Which type of chemical can be used on live animals?
Antiseptics
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below S is__________________________________
Anus
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
The largest artery in the body is called the _______________________; the largest vein is called the _______________________
Aorta; vena cava
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below c is__________________________________
Aortic Arch
What division of the skeletal system do the following bones belong: Clavicle Axial or Appendicular?
Appendicular
What division of the skeletal system do the following bones belong: Femur Axial or Appendicular?
Appendicular
What division of the skeletal system do the following bones belong: Humerus Axial or Appendicular?
Appendicular
What division of the skeletal system do the following bones belong: Patella Axial or Appendicular?
Appendicular
What division of the skeletal system do the following bones belong: Scapula Axial or Appendicular?
Appendicular
What is the 9th step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
Apply a surgical instrument lubricant to hinges and other moving parts
Which procedure is NOT used to induce cancer in an animal model?
Apply full body irradiation
What is NOT a requirement of the AWA/AWR a researcher must comply with, if they house covered species?
Appoint an unaffiliated member to the IACUC.
What is the formula for the area of a room or cage?
Area = length x width
A GLP a testing facility for animal studies must have the following EXCEPT?
Areas for computing data analysis for a study
Common name for the following: Humeros
Arm bone
List 3 differences between venous and arterial catherization
Arterial catherization is used more often measure blood pressure. Arteries are harder to puncture Arterial catheterization is a more painful procedure
What does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
How does the pancreas function as both an exocrine and endocrine gland?
As an exocrine gland: secrets digestive enzymes through ducts
How do you verify the needle is in the vein for an intravenous injection?
Aspirate blood into the syringe or needle hub
Inhalation of a foreign matter is known as:
Aspiration
What term describes slight withdrawal of a syringe plunger after placement of the needle?
Aspiration
Which organization uses the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (the Guide) as one of its standard for the accreditation of laboratory animal programs?
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC)
Which entity developed the laboratory procedures used to verify claims made on the labels of chemical agents used for cleaning and disinfection?
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)
How often do the Animal Welfare Regulations require the IACUC to monitor the animal care and use program through reviews of the program and routine inspections of the animal facilities?
At least every 6 months
How often does the Animal Welfare Regulations require the IACUC to monitor the animal care and use program through reviews of the program and routine inspections of the animal facilities?
At least every 6 months.
Which of the following is NOT required by Public Health Service (PHS) Policy?
At least three Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) members.
What condition is characterized by a lack of voluntary muscle coordination?
Ataxia
The guide holds which individual responsible for the veterinary oversight of the research prgoram?
Attending veterinarian
Animals administered hazardous materials should be kept under the joint supervision of the __________________ and the ________________________
Attending veterinarian; institution's environmental health and safety or biosafety office.
What vessel is used to commonly collect arterial blood from these species Rabbits and pigs:
Auricular artery
Math the term with definition. Equipment that sterilizes by pressurized steam?
Autoclave
List 5 methods to sterilize surgical materials
Autoclave Ethylene oxide gas Hydrogen peroxide plasma Dry Heat Liquid sterilants
Which sterilization method is suitable for loose bedding?
Autoclaving
Which sterilization methods is suitable for soiled rodent cages?
Autoclaving
What is the name of the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary functions of internal organs?
Autonomic nervous system
Which of the following is NOT a biosecurity strategy?
Avoiding unnecessary duplication of research
What division of the skeletal system do the following bones belong: Ribs Axial or Appendicular?
Axial
What division of the skeletal system do the following bones belong: Skull Axial or Appendicular?
Axial
What division of the skeletal system do the following bones belong: Sternum Axial or Appendicular?
Axial
What division of the skeletal system do the following bones belong: Vertebrae Axial or Appendicular?
Axial
What is the name of lymph nodes that are found in the armpit area?
Axillary
Which lymph nodes are found in the armpit area?
Axillary
What the first two cervical vertebrae called?
Axis and atlast
Which of the following zoonotic diseases are passively transmitted?
B Virus
Plasma cells are derived from which cell type?
B cells
What disease may be present when a macaque has ulcers of the mouth?
B virus
What zoonotic disease may be transmitted by the body fluids of infected nonhuman primates?
B virus
Which part of the strain name is the maternal strain for the B6C3F1/Crl mouse?
B6
What is the lowest biosafety level at which personnel must receive training on how to safely work with the hazardous agent?
BSL-2
What is the most commonly used biological indicator?
Bacillus Stearothermophilius
Which element is NOT included in an institution's Animal Welfare Assurance to OLAW?
Background checks of key personnel in the program
Match type and name of the Instrument Towel forceps
Backhaus
What is occurring when lymph nodes become swollen and painful?
Bacteria, viruses, or tumor cells are multiplying in the lymph node.
What does the Limulus amebocyte lysate test assess?
Bacterial pyrogens
Pyrogen tests are applied to medical products that are injected in order to detect the presence of __________________
Bacterial toxins
What does the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test assess?
Bacterial toxins
Match type and name of the Instrument Scalpel blade or handle
Bard-Parker
Which type of housing is used to protect immunodeficient animals against infectious microorganisms?
Barrier cages
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Base of the brain
Numbers increase with inflammatory reactions
Basophils
Which filters have the dual function of mechanical and biological filtration?
Bead filters
Fourth step of job planning?
Begin work on the task
Which method assesses pain in animals?
Behavior changes
Excessive fear is an example of which phenotype?
Behavioral phenotype
Where should the vessel be punctured when collecting blood from the facial or maxillary vein?
Behind the mandible and in front of the ear canal. In mice, there is a small indentation in the skin. In white rats, there is a small gray spot.
Which type of mouse lacks natural killer (NK) cells?
Beige
Which of the following strains of mice lack natural killer (NK) cells?
Beige mice
Into what part of the body is a subcutaneous injection given?
Between the skin and muscle
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below H is__________________________________
Bile duct
Which term is defined as the prevention of escape by microorganisms?
Biocontainment
Which method of monitoring the effectiveness of sanitation or sterilization uses spores in a vial?
Biological indicators
What is an example of primary barrier?
Biological safety cabinet
Which of the following is an example of a primary barrier?
Biological safety cabinet
The NIH is the primary funding agency for what type of research?
Biomedical
Which document should guide the operation of a biocontainment facility?
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
Which animals have an additional lymphoid organ not present in mammals called the bursa of Fabricius?
Birds
The surgical instrument used to clamp towels around the wound margin is:
Blackhaus clamp
Which condition in frogs results from an infection or a metabolic disorder and can impair their equilibrium in water?
Bloat
Which condition is associated with attempted vomiting, kicking or pressing on the abdomen, and restlessness?
Bloat
In which of the following processes do platelets play a primary role?
Blood Clotting
What does the parathyroid gland regulate?
Blood calcium concentration
Common name for the following: Metatarsal bones
Bones of the foot (various species); cannon and splint bones (hooved species)
Common name for the following: Metacarpal bones
Bones of the hand (primates) or paw; cannon and splint bones (hooved specoes)
How often should teat cannulas be disinfected?
Both before and after use
What does blunt-blunt mean in scissors?
Both blade tips are blunt
What is it referring to if scissors are classified as blunt-blunt?
Both blade tips are blunt
What does hemolysis mean?
Breaking down blood cells
What procedures are typical for handling animals received for breeding purposes, as compared with experimental animals?
Breeding animals require more health screenings
What is hybrid breeding?
Breeding parents of different inbred strains
Animal Pain Category "B"
Breeding, conditioning, or being held for later use
Which of the following diseases are zoonotic?
Brucellosis
What can be added to chemical agents to prevent significant pH changes when the product is diluted?
Buffers
Which drug is an example of an analgesic administered posoperatively?
Buprenorphine
How is needle length determined when performing a gastric gavage?
By measuring from the corner of the mouth to the sternum (at the xiphoid process)
How are curved needles classified?
By the portion of a circle that their length represents
List 3 ways that a suture needle can be classified:
By the shaft being straight or curved; if curved, by the portion of a circle that its length represents; by the shape of the shaft; by the shape of the tip
How are scissors classified?
By the shape of the blade tips
If an animal was used in teaching, research, experiments, or tests conducted that cause no pain or distress and thus did not require that use of pain-relieving drugs, what United States Agricultural Department (USDA) pain category would this describe
C
What is included in Animal Welfare regulations for housing guinea pigs and/or hamsters?
Cages for guinea pigs are required to be at least 7 inches high
Animal Welfare Regulations for rabbits require
Cages to be sanitized once every 30 days
What is calculus?
Calcified debris on teeth
Calcitonin and parahormone control what chemistry level in the blood?
Calcium
Calcitonin and parathormone control what chemistry level in the blood?
Calcium
Which state has passed legislation, starting in 2020, that prohibits the sale of cosmetic products and ingredients that have been tested on animals?
California
Which state passed legislation starting in 2020 that prohibits the sale of cosmetic products and ingredients that have been tested on animals?
California
Reduction
Can fewer be used without altering the validity of the study date
Which factor lowers the pH in an aquatic system?
Carbon dioxide
Give 3 examples of how toxicology test can be categorized by the functions or organs targeted within the body where the toxic substances exerts its effect?
Carcinogenesis (cause of cancer); developmental (damage of a growing fetus); mutagenesis (induction of mutations in the DNA)
What is the easiest method for sampling blood from Xenopus?
Cardiocentesis (cardia puncture)
Type digestive system: Cat
Carnivore
Type digestive system: Dog
Carnivore
Short bones
Carpals, tarsals
If an animal was used in teaching, research, experiments, or tests that cause no pain or distress, and did not require the use of pain-relieving drugs, under what USDA pain category would it be classified?
Category C
In test conducted with animals that cause no pain or distress and thus did not receive any pain-relieving drugs, what USDA pain category would this describe?
Category C
What is the term for a hollow tube through which blood or other body fluids may be withdrawn or substances administered?
Catheter
For larger fish, from which location could repeated blood collections be efficiently taken?
Caudal vein
What does the etiology of a disease refer to?
Cause
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below Q is__________________________________
Cecum
When giving an intraperitoneal injection, what 2 anatomical structures do you attempt to avoid by injecting in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen?
Cecum bladder
When giving an intraperitoneal injection, what two anatomical structures do you attempt to avoid by injecting in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen?
Cecum and urinary bladder
What are the 4 basic components of animal cells?
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Organellas
Location of chromosomes
Cell nucleus
Immunodeficient animals lack one or more _________________ of a normal immune system, giving them a deficiency in immune function.
Cell types
What is a predominant material found in roughage?
Cellulose
Which part of the nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord?
Central Nervous System
Which system contains the brain and spinal cord?
Central nervous system
What type of management program usually has the animal care program in a separate department that serves all the institution's animal care needs and requests?
Centralized management program
Along with the brain stem, what are the other 2 parts of the brain?
Cerebrum and cerebellum
Which lymph nodes are found in the neck?
Cervical
What is the correct order of vertebral regions from the head to the tail?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
What does the layer of muscle cells do for an artery?
Changes its diameter
What procedure is recommended for maintaining an emergency cart?
Check for expired drugs and supplies on a regular basis.
Which of the following is NOT a member of the IACUC?
Chief Executive Officer
Who is responsible for appointing members to the IACUC?
Chief Executive Officer
Which person has the responsibility of ensuring the institution complies with the Animal Welfare Act?
Chief executive officer
Animal that contains some cells with the new gene and some without the new game
Chimera
What is an animal called that has some cell containing the new gene and some cells without the new gene?
Chimera
What is NOT a characteristic of chloramines in comparison to chlorine?
Chloramines evaporate quickly from standing water
Which is NOT a characteristic of chloramines in comparison to chlorine?
Chloramines evaporate quickly from standing water
Which sterilization method is suitable for electronic equiment?
Chlorine dioxide; Vapor hydrogen peroxide
Structures that contain genes
Chromosomes
What does the mixing of stomach contents with acidic gastric secretions form?
Chyme
Which organ system is made up of the heart, arteries, and veins?
Circulatory
To maintain a sterile field during surgery, what should you do with your hands if you need to wait for something?
Clasp your hands together in front of your body above the waist
Which type of cabinet provides maximum protect for the worker and the environment outside the cabinet?
Class III
List 4 procedures that a technician on a surgical team needs to know to maintain aseptic conditions and prevent contaminations
Clean and disinfect the operating room Sterilize surgical instruments and materials Prepare the incision site Prepare the surgical team for aseptic surgery
What term refers to the complete removal of all visible debris from a surface?
Cleaning
Which type of disease is defined as one in which the host has visible abnormalities associated with the disease?
Clinical
What is another term for a static system?
Closed System
What is another term for a static tank system?
Closed System
Dorsal
Closer to the animal's back
Ventral
Closer to the belly
Cranial
Closer to the head
Medial
Closer to the median
Cauldal
Closer to the tail
Rostral
Closer to the tip of the nose (used in reference to the head)
What is the point of completion for Segment II studies?
Closure of the fetuses' palate
In amphibians, what is the internal body cavity that houses the abdominal and thoracic organs called?
Coelom
What is the term that refers to an animal differs from other animals of that strain by one mutant gene?
Coisogenic
The animal in which the mutation occurs differs from other animals of that strain, usually by a single mutant gene
Coisogenic Animal
What are two methods of identifying research dogs and cats.
Collar & tag Microchip Tattoo
What does the left atrium do?
Collects blood entering the heart from the lungs
In which section of the GI tract is water absorption completed?
Colon
Where is water absorption completed?
Colon
What is checked when monitoring blood perfusion during anesthesia in a mouse?
Color of the food pad
Which term means a mother's milk that contains antibodies for newborns?
Colostrum
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Compliance and ethics are both necessary for the conduct of responsible research.
Which of the following statements is true?
Compliance and ethics are both necessary for the conduct of responsible research.
What is the difference between compliance and ethics
Compliance is based off of rules Ethics requires ability to reason & willingness to discuss
What parameter is a measure of the amount dissolved salts and minerals, present as ions, within an aqueous solution?
Conductivity
Which of the following is NOT needed when interacting with people in the animal facility?
Confronting coworkers
Strain that is constructed by selectively mating an animal carrying the mutation of interest to an inbred animal from a strain of choice.
Congenic strain
Which type of tissue physically binds and supports other tissues?
Connective
Name a disadvantage of a Flow -though tank systems
Constant flow of water can be disruptive to species that prefer static water.
The first step in reporting noncompliance is to:
Consult your institutional policy for mechanisms for reporting noncompliance
What is a disadvantage of a flow-through system?
Consumes a lot of water in daily operation
Match the term with the definition How long a disinfectant remains on a surface
Contact time
What is the period of time called that a chemical is left on a surface before it is rinsed?
Contact time
Which is the most important factor of surgical preparation in reducing bacterial load?
Contact time
What is the term used for the drugs administered in some imaging technologies for better visualization of anatomical structures?
Contrast agents
Which metal, often found in municipal water, can be toxic to aquatic animals?
Copper
Mating
Copulating
Which of the following can help determine what services are cost effective?
Cost Analysis
What are activities or entities that have expenses but do not directly produce revenue?
Cost Centers
What substance is NOT reabsorbed in the kidney tubules?
Creatinine
Which type of animal has an exoskeleton?
Crustaceans
What process can be used to preserve a genetic line by freezing embryos?
Cryopreservation
List 4 parameters assessed by the Draize test.
Cytotoxicity Skin and corneal irritation Corrosivity Inflammation
If an animal was used in experiments, teaching, research, experiments, or tests causing pain or distress to the animals, for which appropriate anesthetic, analgesic, or tranquilizing drugs were used, what United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) pain category would this describe?
D
What must an animal facility have to legally keep controlled substances?
DEA License
How often should tanks be inspected to ensure adequate water flow and drainage?
Daily
How often should water parameters like pH and temperature be monitored?
Daily
What information is lest likely to be included in breeding records
Daily census
GLPs put a heavy emphasis on:
Data recording and reporting
Which of the following information need not be present on an official tag?
Date of birth
List 5 items that training documentation should include.
Date of the training Subject matter Names of the individuals attending the training Length or duration of the training session Names of the individuals conducting the training
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the use of carbon monoxide for euthanasia?
Death occurs rapidly at concentrations of 4 to 6%
Which side effect is associated with chemicals used to induce immunodeficiency?
Deaths
If pups must be euthanized to limit the number of pups per breeding cage, which method is usually performed after they are briefly exposed to CO2?
Decapitation
List the six step of ethical decision-making regarding the treatment of laboratory animals?
Decide on a course of action
Which is NOT a typical sign of the stress caused by high noise levels within the vivarium?
Decreased blood pressure
Which statement is FALSE about blood samples?
Deficiency in red blood cells is called ataxia
What is the first step in scientific research?
Define the question to be investigated?
AWA is divided in 4 parts which are?
Definition of terms Regulations Standards Rules of practice
The reopening of a surgical incision is known as _______.
Dehiscence
What term refers to assigning less complicated tasks to others in order to allow supervisors more time to get other work completed?
Delegation
Which term refers to assigning less complicated tasks to others in order to allow supervisors more time to get other work completed?
Delegation
What are the short, multi-branched extensions on neurons called?
Dendrites
Match type and name of the Instrument Elevator
Dental
Strands that form chromosomes
Deoxyribonucleic acid
How are needles and syringes properly discarded?
Deposited in a sharps container
What is the mode of euthanasia action for an overdose of barbiturates?
Depressing the central nervous system which leads to cardiac arrest
Which layer of skin contains nerves and blood vessels?
Dermis
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below P is__________________________________
Descending colon
Which of the following is NOT a method for the technician to support the ethical treatment of animals?
Determining if an animal has reached the humane endpoint
How are suture materials sized?
Diameter
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below F is__________________________________
Diaphragm
Which of the following is the main shaft of the long bone?
Diaphysis
What is the relaxation phase of the heart called?
Diastole
List a 4 factor that my have a negative effect on rodent breeding
Diet, age, if the female has successfully bred before, cage handling, environmental conditions.
How does oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occur between the blood and air in the alveoli?
Diffusion
Through what process does oxygen and carbon-dioxide exchange occur between the blood and the air?
Diffusion
During respiration, how is gas exchange accomplished?
Diffusion across membranes
Phalanges
Digits, toe; pasterns (long, short) and coffin bone (hooved species)
Common name for the following: Phalanges (phalanx, singular)
Digits, toes; fingers and thumbs (primates); pasterns and coffin bone (hooved species)
For the following costs associated with an animal facility, identify them as either Direct or Indirect. Bedding
Direct
For the following costs associated with an animal facility, identify them as either Direct or Indirect. Feed
Direct
What type of costs are associated with a specific research project?
Direct Cost
What must be done if yellow fluid is aspirated prior to an intraperitoneal injection?
Discard the syringe and needle and start again
Which chemical agent destroys or inactivates infectious fungi and bacteria but not necessarily spores?
Disinfectant
Which of the following destroys or inactivates infectious fungi and bacteria but not necessarily spores?
Disinfectant
Which of the following is an agent that destroys or irreversibly inactivates infectious fungi and bacteria?
Disinfectant
Destroys or inactivates infectious fungi and bacteria, but not necessarily their spores.
Disinfection
How is wastewater handled in a flow-through system?
Disposed of in the sewer system
Disruption of power supply may significantly deplete the ________ in the system water.
Dissolved oxygen
What type of identification is not acceptable for dogs or cats at aquisition?
Distinctive color markings
When decontaminating or sterilizing, what are the 3 factors that determine if the methods will be successful?
Distribution Penetration Contact Time
The USDA requires the tags of what animal be retained for a year?
Dog
Which species is required by the Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations to be provided regular exercise when housed in small cages?
Dogs
From which location can serial blood samples be obtained from zebrafish?
Dorsal aorta
From which location can serial blood samples be obtained from zebrasifh?
Dorsal aorta
Where should female Xenopus be injected with hormones to prime them for egg harvest?
Dorsal lymph sacs
What is the prescription for drug dose, frequency and duration called?
Dosage regimen
What is the prescription for drug dose, frequency, and duration called?
Dosage regimen
What does the Greek work amphibios mean?
Double Life
What is cystocentesis?
Drawing of a sterile urine sample by inserting a hypodermic needle into the bladder
The use of controlled substances in an animal facility is controlled by which organization?
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Which condition is necessary for HEPA filters to prevent bacteria and viruses from passing through them?
Dry
What is the 7th step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
Dry instruments thoroughly
Which statement is TRUE about hermometers?
Dry-bulb thermometers protect the bulb from moisture
Which statement is true about thermometers?
Dry-bulb thermometers protect the bulb from moisture.
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below L is__________________________________
Duodenum
Some of the problems that were identified and that led to the development of GLPs included all the following except
Duplication of regulations
(difficult birth) is occasionally observed in laboratory animal species.
Dystocia
Difficult Birth
Dystocia
Difficulty in labor is known as:
Dystocia
Which term means "difficult birth"?
Dystocia
Which agency forces the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) relating to industrial chemicals?
EPA
What are the two U.S agencies requiring GLPs?
EPA and FDA
Which statement about pre-surgical scrubbing is TRUE for the surgeon?
Each arm should receive a total of 40 strokes of a sterile scrubbing brush
Which is NOT true of a decentralized management program?
Each department that uses animals is managed by one supervising department
Which statement is FALSE about chromosomes?
Each diploid cell contains three copies of each chromosome.
Which method is NOT an approved means of identification for cats and dogs?
Ear tag
Which type of tissue lines the heart and blood vessels?
Edothelium
What process occurs during electroporation?
Electricity passes through a DNA + stem cell solution causing the DNA to enter the cells.
What instrument measures electrical activity in the heart?
Electrocardiograph
Which process allows researchers to know whether an animal possesses a specific gene?
Electrophoresis
What is the process by which DNA is inserted into a cell in homologous recombination?
Electroporation
List 4 functions of the urinary stems.
Eliminate waste from he body Regulate blood volume and blood pressure Control the levels of electrolytes and metabolites Regulate blood pH
When extended anesthesia is required, what device is inserted into the trachea?
Endotracheal tube
Which agency of the United States requires that disinfectant label claims be truthful?
Environmental Protection Agency
What are the two federal agencies that require compliance with the Good Laboratory Practice (GLPs) Regulations?
Environmental Protection Agency & Food and Drug Administration.
The two federal agencies that require compliance with the GLPs are the ________ and the________
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
Which term describes a disease that similar to an endemic in humans?
Enzootic
Numbers increase with parasitic infections
Eosinophils
What is the outer layer of skin called?
Epidermis
What is the outer layer of the skin?
Epidermis
What are the 4 basic structures of vertebrate skin?
Epidermis Dermis Glans Hypodermis
What is the structure in which sperm mature and are stored?
Epididymis
The _____________ is specialized growth area at the ends of long bones?
Epiphysis
List 4 types of tissue
Epithelial and endothelial Connective Muscle Nerve
Which type of disease is defined as one with a sudden outbreak that affects a large number of animals?
Epizootic
The most abundant type of blood cells are:
Erythrocytes
What is the most abundant type of blood cells?
Erythrocytes
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below A is__________________________________
Esophagus
What is the first step in planning a job?
Establish goals
First step of Job planning?
Establish/organize goals
In which stage of the estrous cycle is the female most receptive to copulation?
Estrus
State of heat
Estrus
What is the concept that refers to the way people behave, based on commonly held core values?
Ethics
What is the concept that states that people behave based on commonly held core values?
Ethics
Which chemical agent is primarily used in stainless steel vacuum chambers in an automated sterilization process?
Ethylene oxide gas
Which sterilant is explosive in the presence of oxygen or air?
Ethylene oxide gas
Which practice is most commonly adopted to address rodents infected by a disease agent?
Euthanasia
How are spontaneous cancer models used?
Evaluation of diagnostic and preventive treatments
For what studies are spontaneous cancer models used?
Evaluations of preventive treatments
The temperature of a diluted liquid sanitizer should not be increased due to:
Evaporation
The temperature of diluted liquid sanitizer should not be increased due to:
Evaporation
How often must the controlled substance inventory list be updated?
Every 2 years
Match type and name of the Instrument Thumb dressing forceps
Ewald
What is the result of taking to much tissue for sampling in Senopus?
Excessive bleeding
What is the result of taking too much tissue for sampling in Senopus?
Excessive bleeding
What is the result of taking too much tissue for sampling in Xenopus?
Excessive bleeding
Which of the following is NOT a cause of bloat?
Excessive loss of body fluid
Breeding of this colony generates the production colony
Expansion colony
Which is one is not a standard method to dechlorinate water?
Expose water to sunlight
What is lymph derived from?
Extracellular fluid of body tissues
Which item is NOT required to be worn by all personnel in the operating room?
Eye protection
Which adjuvant has the reputation for the most consistent antibody production?
FCA
In the United States, what agency is charged with enforcing the Federal Food, Drug, and cosmetic Act?
FDA
Requires compliance with the GLP's
FDA
List 3 disruptions to the breeding colony that may be observed if variations occur in the macroenvironment.
Failure to engage in normal mating behavior, disruption of the estrous cycle, abandonment of young, cannibalism
Animal welfare is one of the most important topics addressed in the GLPs.
False
Any significant deviation from SOPs during a study must be approved writing by the management.
False
Data should be transcribed to a data form within a day of the time it was recoded by hand.
False
Federal agencies are the only source of grant money.
False
First step in scientific research is to establish a hypothesis.
False
In course of a GLP study, all data forms must be incorporated in either a protocol or an SOP.
False
QAU personnel should have the scientific expertise to be able to interpret the experimental data and verify the validity of the results.
False
Raw data should NOT be archived in areas to conduct GLP studies.
False
A needle's length is known as its gauge
False A needle's diameter is known as its gauge
Aldehyde sterilants are nontoxic and non-irritating to tissues
False Aldehydes are toxic, so items sterilized in this manner must be rinsed in sterile saline before use.
As water temperature decreases, oxygen diffuses out of the water and into the room air.
False As water temperature rises, oxygen diffuses out of the water and into the room air.
Antiseptic technique refers to the act of preventing the contamination of the sterile surgical field and other sterile areas.
False Aseptic technique refers to the act of preventing the contamination of the sterile surgical field and other sterile areas
Bones are attached to other bones with tendons
False Bones are attached to other bones with ligaments. Tendons connect to muscles to bones
Dose is a term meaning how much of a drug is given per unit of body weight.
False Dose is the amount of drug given at one time.
Leukocytes are the most abundant type of blood cell.
False Erythrocytes are the most abundant type of blood cell
Hands do NOT have to be scrubbed when surgical gloves are worn
False Hands must be scrubbed thoroughly even when surgical gloves are worn, since small holes and tears can occur in the gloves.
Irradiation of research animals is done only to eliminate certain types of cancer.
False Irradiation of research animals provides a method of inducing immunosuppression.
If a department within an institution maintains its own animal facility and operating budget, it is considered a centralized management system.
False It is considered a decentralized system
Th use of controlled substances in laboratory animal facilities is regulated by the FDA.
False It is regulated by the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
Smaller diameter needles reduce resistance to fluid flow and minimize red blood cell trauma.
False Larger diameter needles will reduce resistance to fluid flow and minimize red blood cell trauma
Most digestion takes place in the section of the small intestine called the jejunum.
False Most digestion takes place in the duodenum
Needles should be recapped before they are discarded
False Needles should not be recapped
Nude mice are more susceptible to infections because they are hairless
False Nude mice are more susceptible to infections because they lack T cells.
The principle of refinement asks if fewer animals could be used in a study
False Refinement is to lessen pain & distress
SCID mice must mount a cell-medicated response to an infection
False SCID mice are unable to mount cell-mediated and antibody responses to infection.
Sharps should always be disposed of in biohazard trash.
False Sharps should only be discarded in sharps containers
Skin is a type of connective tissue
False Skin is a type of epithelial tissue
Static tanks cannot be aerated and so accumulate dissolved oxygen.
False Static tanks may be aerated to prevent depletion of dissolved oxygen.
Striated muscle appears smooth and glassy
False Striated muscle appears striped
The abbreviation SID means to give an animal three times a day.
False The abbreviation SID stands for once per day.
The number of air changes in a room per hour should never exceed five changes per hour.
False The guideline of 10-15 fresh air room changes per hour in animal rooms is considered an acceptable standard.
The respiratory system of mammals is a more efficient mechanism for rapid gas exchange than that of birds?
False The respiratory system of birds is a more efficient mechanism for rapid gas exchange.
A simple way to convert from % to mg/mL is to move the decimal point two places to the right
False The simple way to convert from % to mg/mL is to move the decimal point one place to the right.
Only one recordkeeping system is currently approved for all research institutions
False There are many recordkeeping variations among institutions
Examples of direct cost include the costs for facility operation and maintenance, security, administrative salaries, and facility equipment depreciation.
False These items are examples of indirect costs. Direct costs are those that can be directly attributed to a specific project: the cost of animals, the cost to maintain the animals on the project, salaries for program staff, and the costs of food, bedding and other supplies.
Gowns or towels should be shaken until they unfold to avoid increasing possible contamination from repeated handling.
False When opening gowns or towels, let these items fall open by gravity to avoid the possibility of contamination.
Sterilization is best accomplished by using only hot water from the faucet.
False. Hot water alone is only a sanitizer; it does not provide sterilization even when combined with detergents.
Scissors are classified by the shape of their handle
False. Scissors are classified by the shape of the blade tips.
The optimum water pH for aquatic species is between 4.0 and 7.0.
False. They prefer a narrow pH range of 6.8 to 7.1
Water hardness is a general indicator of the total ion content in the water
False. Water hardness is a measure of the number of specific calcium and magnesium ions in the water.
Ultrasonic cleaning can sterilize instruments
False. Ultrasonic cleaning does NOT sterilize instruments, it removes debris from instruments.
What test can be used to test for internal parasites?
Fecal smear
Which test can be used to detect internal parasites?
Fecal smear
IACUC's are mandated by?
Federal Mandate
IACUC's are required by which of the following?
Federal law
What vessel is used to commonly collect arterial blood from these species Dogs and nonhuman primates
Femoral artery
Name 2 anatomical structures that should be avoided when giving an intramuscular injection into the quadriceps muscle.
Femoral nerve; Femoral artery; femoral vein; sciatic nerve
Long bones
Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, phalanges
What source of dogs and cats is not permitted for procurement by Class B dealers?
Feral dogs and cats
What is the process in which bacteria breaks down roughage called?
Fermentation
Which animal has the scientific name, Mustela Putorious?
Ferret
What occurs in pseudopregnancy?
Fertilization does not occur but the female shows signs of being pregnant.
Which area of interest is investigated using Segment II studies?
Fetal toxicity
A person supplying dogs to research is exempted from licensing with the USDA under which of the following conditions?
Fewer than 25 dogs born on their premises are sold within a one-year period.
For physical plant or facility emergencies, what is NOT a factor that should be included in an institution-specific disaster preparedness plan?
Fire drill protocols
Care and housing standards are NOT provided in the Ag Guide for which category of animal?
Fish
In which species is the kidney part of the immune system?
Fish
Which of these species is excluded from the Animal Welfare Act when used for biomedical research?
Fish
Which species is often used for determining the chemical safety of pesticides and industrial chemicals?
Fish
Which statement regarding lighting in rooms housing aquatic animals is TRUE?
Fish prefer light levels of 100-150 lux
Utility costs would be an example of which type of cost
Fixed
Which costs are consistent throughout the budget period?
Fixed Costs
Which system runs a constant stream of water into and out of each tank without water recirculation?
Flow-through system
A _______ is any inanimate object or substance capable of being contaminated with infectious organisms which can then infect any individual contacting it.
Fomite
In the US, who grants approval to market a new drug after several rounds of clinical trials?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Which 2 government agencies oversee the regulatory requirements of toxicity studies?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Which is NOT a component of the major surgery as defined by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals?
Food is withheld for a designated period before the procedure
Which is NOT a component of major surgery as defined by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals?
Food is withheld for designated period before the procedure
Common name for the following: Radius and ulna
Forearm bones (primates)
Smooth muscles
Found in organs and ducts, lack of these bands; they have a smooth, glassy look.
Original animals with the desired DNA
Founders
How many heart chambers do mammals have?
Four
The mammalian heart has ______ chambers
Four
How many bio safety levels are described in the BMBL?
Four: BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3, BSL-4
Name a disadvantage of a Closed tank systems
Frequent cleaning and water changes are necessary since nitrogenous waste products are not removed by the filtration.
What will prevent blood from pooling in an unconscious postoperative animal?
Frequently turning the body form side to side
What will prevent blood from pooling in an unconscious, postoperative animal?
Frequently turning the body from side to side
In a two-corridor floor plan, what direction should air flow between an animal room and the corridors?
From the clean corridor to the animal room, then out to the dirty corridor.
Which are of the surgical gown is considered the sterile field?
From the shoulders to the waist
Which information is NOT required by USDA for IACUC records?
Funded grants
What is NOT a likely cause of neoplastic growth?
Fungal infection
Which characteristic is an example of a visible phenotype/
Fur color
Which statement is TRUE about fur around an incision site?
Fur must be clipped or shaved from the incision site
Where is bile stored in most species?
Gallbladder
Personnel exposed to _______ should be monitored with film badges.
Gamma-emmitting radiosotopes
What occurs when a fish has gas bubble disease?
Gases go into the body and create bubbles in the blood and tissue.
The administration of a solution directly into the stomach through a tube inserted in the esophagus is known by what term?
Gastric gavage
What is the term for placement of a liquid into the stomach by using a tube attached to a syringe?
Gastric gavage
List 5 methods used to administer substances to aquatic laboratory animals
Gastric gavage Intramuscular Subcutaneous Intracoelomic Immersion
List the second step of ethical decision-making regarding the treatment of laboratory animals?
Gather and assess all facts involved
Which of the following is NOT a core value regarding the ethical decision making?
Gather and evaluate the facts involved in the situation
Which of the following transmits hereditary diseases from parent to offspring?
Gene
What is the term that refers to genes that are located adjacent to one another on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together?
Gene linkage
What term refers to genes that are located adjacent to one another on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together?
Gene linkage
What is meant by gene amplification in PCR?
Genes are copied hundreds of times in the reaction
Which statement is TRUE about pronuclear injection?
Genes are injected with a pipette directly into the cell.
What results from gene linkage/
Genes tend to be inherited together
What results from gene linkage?
Genes tend to be inherited together
What are outbred stocks bred to maintain?
Genetic Variation
Which is NOT a factor on which a diagnosis is usually based?
Genetic makeup
What characteristic results from breeding outbred stocks?
Genetic variation
What are all the genes in an organism called?
Genome
Actual genetic makeup
Genotype
The specific genetic makeup of an individual organism
Genotype
What is the term used to describe the genetic makeup of an organism with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits?
Genotype
Genetic testing that can tell which genes an animal possesses
Genotyping
What is the process called by which you can determine the specific genetic makeup of an animal?
Genotyping
What is NOT a component of an animal care and use program described in the Guide?
Genotyping procedures
What is it called when a new gene is incorporated into the germ cells (egg and sperm)?
Germline transmission
Pregnancy
Gestation
The period of time from fertilization of an egg to birth is called?
Gestation
What method can sterilize instruments in 10 seconds?
Glass bead sterilizer
Which sterilant may cause allergic sensitization with repeated inhalation and skin contact?
Gluterldehyde
What is NOT a major type of lymphocyte?
Goblet cell
What may be given to amphibians to stimulate egg production?
Gonadotropins
Which of the following is responsible for production of gametes and secretion of sex hormones?
Gonads
What is a quality assurance unit responsible for ensuring compliance with?
Good Laboratory Practice Regulations (GLPs)
In mammals, phagocytosis is a process performed by which cells?
Granulocytes
What are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils classified as?
Granulocytes
Which blood cells are also called polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs)?
Granulocytes
What do the hormones produced in the anterior pituitary gland directly regulate?
Growth, metabolism, and other endocrine glands
Which document is used by AAALAC International and the USDA when inspecting agricultural animals used in biomedical research?
Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching
Which document recommends that all social species be housed in pairs or groups in a laboratory setting?
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
What document is a resource on the transportation of common laboratory animals?
Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals.
What are 2 effects of the nude mouse mutation on body organs?
Hairlessness Lack of a thymus
Match type and name of the Instrument Mosquito hemostatic forceps
Halstead
Which animal is NOT routinely bled from the jugular vein?
Hamsters
A nesting box must be added to make which type of cage suitable for breeding species such as rabbits, guinea pigs, and rodents?
Hanging wire
Match the term with the definition Measure of the dissolved minerals in water
Hardness
Demands largest cage size
Harem Mating
Two or more females are bred with one male.
Harem and polygamous mating
May be difficult to identify which pups belong to which dam if multiple litters present
Harem mating
What is a characteristic typical of a recirculating tank system?
Has automated components to control water quality
What must accompany a dog, cat, or nonhuman primate that is transported by a research facility?
Health Certificate
Which of the following is NOT an example of raw data for a GLP study?
Health Certificate
What documentation must accompany all dogs, cats, or nonhuman primates that are shipped to a research institution?
Health Certificate stating the animals have been inspected by a veterinarian and found to be healthy.
Which federal law mandates the PHS Policy?
Health research extension act (1985)
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below D is__________________________________
Heart
Identify all parameters known as vital signs
Heart rate Pulse Rate Blood pressure Respiration rate and character Body temperature
List 5 parameters that must be monitored in an anesthetized animal until it regains consciousness
Heart rate; respiratory rate; capillary refill time; color of mucous membranes; blood pressure; heart function; blood gases; body temperature; anesthesia level, pain sensation
Which of the following is an example of an involuntary muscle contraction?
Heartbeat
Which of the following is an example of of an involuntary muscle contraction?
Heartbeat
What does positive air pressure within a room do?
Helps prevent outside contaminants from entering the room
Which substance is collected from Limulus crabs for pyrogen testing?
Hemolymph
Which is NOT an appropriate use of thumb forceps?
Hemostasis (stopping bleeding)
Which forceps are designed to clamp onto bleeding tissue containing a severed vessel?
Hemostatic forceps
What can be used to close an implantable injection port between uses?
Heparin lock
Type digestive system: Cow
Herbivore
Type digestive system: Guinea Pig
Herbivore
Type digestive system: Horse
Herbivore
Type digestive system: Rabbit
Herbivore
Type digestive system: Sheep
Herbivore
Infection with what human disease is potentially fatal to marmosets?
Herpes simplex
What is the gene makeup of an individual when both alleles at the same locus on a chromosome pair are different?
Heterozygous
What is the individual when both genes at the same locus on a chromosome pair are different?
Heterozygous
What do white chalky deposits on the sides of the tank indicate?
High hardness level
Name an disadvantage for a Recirculating tank systems
High population densities and large amounts of waste can overload filters if system is not properly maintained.
The ankle joint is known as the _______ in quadrupeds.
Hock
Common name for the following: Tarsal bones
Hock or ankle (primates) bones
Technique where the embryonic stem cells that line the inside of a developing blastocyst (a preimplantation stage of early embryos) and used to produce embryonic stem (ES) cell lines.
Homologous recombination
Which technique collects the embryonic stem cells that line the inside of a developing blastocyst to produce embryonic stem cell lines?
Homologous recombination
If both alleles of a gene pair are the same, an individual is considered _____________________ for that gene.
Homozygous
If both alleles of a gene pair are the same, an individual is considered to have which genetic makeup?
Homozygous
What is the term for when a disease occurs within the same generation of animals, spreading from cage to cage and room to room.
Horizontal transmission
List 3 ways in which oocytes can be collected from Xenopus
Hormone injection Manual expression Surgical laparotomy
What is secreted by the glands of the endocrine system?
Hormones
What is the route of infection?
How a microorganism enters the body of a host
According to the Guide, ________ means those actions taken to assure that laboratory animals are treated according to high ethical and scientific standards?
Humane Care
The point at which pain or distress in an experimental animal prevented, terminated, or relieved is the ___________.
Humane endpoint
What is the term used for the time when a laboratory animal has reached a specified severity of clinical signs or tumors have reached a predetermined size?
Humane endpoint
In which breeding system are the parents of different inbred strains?
Hybrid
Which of the following is a breeding system in which the parents are of different inbred strains?
Hybrid
The combination of a cancer producing cell and an antibody producing cell is called a (an):
Hybridoma
Which statement about water pH is FALSE?
Hydrochloric acid should be added to the water slowly to raise the pH
What does pH measure in a tank system?
Hydrogen ions
What does pH measure in the aquatic system?
Hydrogen ions
Which of the following is a liquid chemical ("cold") sterilizing agent?
Hydrogen peroxide
Which method of sterilization has fewest safety requirements and is particularly effective for items that are sensitive to high temperature of humidity?
Hydrogen peroxide plasma
What instrument measures humidity?
Hygrometer
Match the term with the definition Common household bleach
Hypochlorite
Subcutaneous injections are made in which structure?
Hypodermis
The __________________ that reviews and approves proposed animal use protocols and amendments.
IACUC
Who should you inform of your concern for how an animal is being treated if you have not received satisfactory response from your supervisor, the researcher, or veterinary personnel?
IACUC
If an incident of animal misuse is not resolved after contacting your supervisor, you can submit your concerns to whom?
IACUC Chair
Which of the following is an accurate list of routes of injection from fastest absorption (left) to slowest (right)?
IV-IP-IM-SC-ID
Absorption into the body system is dependent on the route of injection. Place them in the correct order, from the most rapidly absorbed to the least rapidly absorbed
IV>IP>IM>SC>ID
Third step of job planning?
Identify resources needed to complete the tasks.
List the third step of ethical decision-making regarding the treatment of laboratory animals?
Identify the individuals & groups affected by the issue
List the first step of ethical decision-making regarding the treatment of laboratory animals?
Identify the issue of concern
List the five step of ethical decision-making regarding the treatment of laboratory animals?
Identify values and evaluate possible solutions
List the forth step of ethical decision-making regarding the treatment of laboratory animals?
Identify values that play a role in the decision
What is the 6th step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
If rinse water is hard, rinse again in deionized water to remove minerals.
One of the 4 core values for the ethical treatment of laboratory animals.
If severe pain in animals cannot be relieved, they should be euthanized.
How can bioimaging reduce the number of animals used in a study?
Imaging can show changes inside the body without a necropsy
Which step must be taken to produce a chimera with hopes of achieving germline transmission?
Implantation of injected blastocysts
Task should be scheduled in order of ________________ and ___________________
Importance; deadline demands
What is an example of reduction, as described by Russell and Burch?
Improved statistical methods
Describe a decentralized management system
In a decentralized animal care and use management system, each department within the institution that houses and uses laboratory animals for either research or teaching maintains its own animal facility and operating budget.
What is the most desirable site for an intramuscular injection
In a large muscle mass
What statement is TRUE about Intracoelomic injections?
In an intracelomic injection, aspirate the syringe to ensure the spleen has not been punctured.
When organizing a to-do list, how should you prioritize tasks?
In order of importance and deadline deamnds
Where does food begin its chemical digestion and by what means?
In the mouth, from enzymes in saliva
Where does food begin its chemical digestion?
In the mouth, from enzymes in saliva
involves the union of eggs and sperm outside the body
In vitro fertilization
When developing a new drug, what is the correct order of testing?
In vitro, preclinical, clinical
uses sibling to produce animals with minimal genetic variation and, often, unique characteristics that meet specific research needs.
Inbreeding
What do retractors do?
Increase the exposure of a surgical site
For the following costs associated with an animal facility, identify them as either Direct or Indirect. Cleaning Supplies
Indirect
For the following costs associated with an animal facility, identify them as either Direct or Indirect. Equipment depreciation
Indirect
For the following costs associated with an animal facility, identify them as either Direct or Indirect. Physical plant maintenance
Indirect
For the following costs associated with an animal facility, identify them as either Direct or Indirect. Telephones
Indirect
Identify which cancer models are induced (I) or spontaneous (S): Administration of a carcinogen
Induced
Identify which cancer models are induced (I) or spontaneous (S): Human tumors injected into mice
Induced
List 5 causes of maternal neglect or cannibalism
Inexperience females overcrowding Poor or varying environmental conditions Disturbance by staff Stress caused by other laboratory animals in the area
What documentation must a commercial animal source provide for a facility to pre-qualify their animals and eliminate a quarantine period?
Infectious agent testing
Which term is used for the protective response by which blood circulation delivers nutrients, chemical factors, and leukocytes to the site of a tissue injury?
Inflammation
Gaseous anesthetics are also called ______________ anesthetics.
Inhalant
What is a common reason for injecting a substance subcutaneously?
Injecting large volumes of nonirritating fluids
Which is NOT a method of obtaining sperm from Xenopus species?
Injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone
What is the 8th step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
Inspect instruments for cleanliness and proper function
On behalf of an institution, which individual is ultimately responsible for compliance with PHS Policy?
Institutional Official
To whom does the IACUC report its findings from a semi-annual inspection of the animal facility and study areas?
Institutional official
To whom does the IACUC reports its findings from a semi-annual inspection of the animal facility and study areas?
Institutional official
Which statement is TRUE about a personnel training program in animal care and use?
Institutional training requirements include both initial training and periodic refresher training.
Which statement is NOT true about using a glass bead sterilizer for a succession of surgeries on multiple animals?
Instruments are placed in the sterilizer while each successive animal is prepared for surgery.
Which hormone lowers the blood glucose level?
Insulin
What are the 11 major organ systems of the vertebrate body?
Integumentary skeletal muscular circulatory lymphatic respiratory digestive urinary reproductive nervous endocrine
Glands
Integumentary glands open to the surface of the skin.
What are the two most critical characteristics for light in an animal room?
Intensity and cycle
It takes advantage of postpartum estrus
Intensive breeding
It usually requires more males in the colony
Intensive breeding
Recordkeeping is simplified
Intensive breeding
To collect blood by cardiac puncture, entry into the heart can be made through the ___________________ space (between the ribs).
Intercostal
Which administration technique is commonly used in aquatic species?
Intracoelomic injection
ID
Intradermal
What is the route of administration for a drug prescribed to be given ID?
Intradermal
IM
Intramuscular
Injection into the cavity of a long bone is known as an _______ injection.
Intraosseous
Injection into the cavity of a long bone is known as an _________ injection.
Intraosseus
IP
Intraperitoneal
Which type of injection has a risk of puncturing the bladder?
Intraperitoneal
Which type of injection has a risk puncturing the bladder?
Intraperitoneal
IV
Intravenous
Route of administration IV
Intravenous
Which lists routes of injection from fastest absorption to slowest?
Intravenous-intraperitoneal-intramuscular-subcutaneous-intradermal
__________________ of the trachea with an _____________ tube provides a protected airway during gaseous anesthesia.
Intubation; endotracheal
Match the term with the definition Iodine-containing compoound
Iodophor
Why must feed sterilized with ionizing radiation be supplemented?
Irradiation removes certain nutrients
Where should an animal be housed if the animal is suspected to have a disease?
Isolation room
Which of the following is NOT true about endotracheal tubes?
It allows nutrients to enter the body.
What is a complicating factor in urinary catheterization?
It can allow bacteria to enter the bladder
Why should pup NOT be in direct contact with the hanging wire cage bottoms?
It can cause chills, and they could fall through the wire mesh.
What is a drawback to using absorbable catgut sutures?
It can cause inflammation.
What problem is caused by wetting more of the animal than the incision site when applying a scrub prior to surgery?
It can chill the animal
How does the Whitten effect assist in timed mating?
It can produce a group of females for mating at one time.
What advantage does a timed mating system provide?
It can provide embryos or mice at a precise gestational age needed for experiments
What advantage does using a timed mating system provide?
It can provide embryos or mice at a precise gestational age needed for experiments.
Why is the rat often chosen for general dietary studies?
It has a rapid weight gain after weaning and a long growth period.
While used in some settings, why is this technique generally discourage?
It has the possibility of an eye injury
Which statement is FALSE regarding a prognosis?
It identifies the cause of the disease.
What is a negative result of using multifilament suture material?
It increases the chance for wound infection
What is a vaginal plug?
It is a waxy plug formed from copulation fluids in female mice and rats.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the use of carbon dioxide as euthanasia agent?
It is readily available
How does pleural fluid aid respiration?
It lubricates the chest wall and lungs to prevent friction
What is an advantage of using outbred stocks in a breeding program?
It maintains genetic diversity
What is the function of an airlock?
It minimizes air pressure changes due to traffic
which statement is true about the bursa of Fabricius?
It produces B cells
Which statement is true about the bursa of Fabricius?
It produces B cells.
What is the benefit of using the dry process of VHP instead of the wet process?
It reduces the corrosiveness of the compound
What is TRUE about temperature-sensitive tape?
It should be placed directly on the item being sanitized or sterilized
How does irradiation attack the immune system?
It suppresses cell division
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below N is__________________________________
Jejunum
What is NOT a precaution for maintaining sterile field?
Keep your hands at your side
Match type and name of the Instrument Hemostatic Forceps
Kelly
What injectable anesthetic is commonly used to immobilize primates?
Ketamine
What ingredient does Freund's Complete Adjuvant contain that is responsible for undesirable side effects?
Killed Mycobacteria organisms
What ingredient does the FCA contain that is responsible for undesirable side effects?
Killed Mycobacteria organisms
Common name for the following: Patella
Knee cap (primates);
What is the term used to describe a situation where new genes are inserted by a targeted mutation?
Knockin
If an animal is homozygous null for a pair of genes, which term describes the animal's genetic modification?
Knockout
If the expression of a pair go genes is blocked, what is the term that describes the genetic modification of the animal?
Knockout
What is the definition of compliance?
Knowing the rules and following them
List 9 factors to consider when choosing a chemical for cleaning in the facility.
Label, Spectrum of activity, Effectiveness in hard water, pH stability, Dilution, Contact time, Temperature, Toxicity, Safety.
Which statement is NOT true about intensive breeding?
Labor requirements are higher because animals are not removed from the cage.
Which animals are NOT required by the law to be accompanied by a health certificate when being shipped?
Laboratory mice
What does a B cell defect result in?
Lack of an antibody response
A common piece equipment that facilitates the placement of an endotracheal tube is:
Laryngoscope
What device is used to expose the larynx for endotracheal intubation
Laryngoscope
A disease that continues in a subclinical state is said to be ______ __
Latent
Which vein is most commonly used for intravenous injections in the rat?
Lateral tail vein
What causes a hematoma?
Leakage of blood from the vein into surrounding tissue
What causes hematoma?
Leakage of blood from the vein into surrounding tissue
What is an example of negative reinforcement in behavior research?
Learning to avoid a shock
Which responsibility is carried out by the institutional Official?
Legally commit the institution to comply with Animal Welfare Act Regulations.
Needle sizes are designated according to which 2 characteristics?
Length Diameter
Which term refers to a local area of tissue damage produced by disease, injury, or surgery?
Lesion
How much dissolved oxygen is normally contained in water (by volume)
Less 1%
To keep controlled substances on site, an animal facility must have what from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)?
License
What is produced by the action of luciferin on the luciferase gene?
Light
Located adjacent to one another on the same chromosomes and tend to be inherited together
Linked genes
List 3 methods to verify the correct placement of an endotracheal tube.
Listen to the end of the tube for breath sounds, hold a very light fiber or animal hair to the tube opening and observe its movements as the animal breathes. Hold a stainless-steel surface up to the end of the tube and look for condensation indicating expiration. If the tube is clear, watch for alternating condensation and clearing within the tube itself.
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below G is__________________________________
Liver
What organ produces bile, breaks down chemicals, and stores glycogen?
Liver
Bloat is not commonly seen in:
Lizards
What is the difference between local and general anesthesia?
Local anesthesia is the loss of sensation in a specific part of the body, and the animal remains conscious and in control of body movement. General anesthesia is a state of unconsciousness in which the central nervous system does not perceive pain, has no conscious awareness, and has no conscious control of body movement.
Before you start on a task, it is important to:
Locate all the resources needed for the task
What is the term for the position a female in estrus (in some species) stands when near a male?
Lordosis
Of the following, which would not be considered an acute emergency situation?
Loss of appetite
Common name for the following: Tibia and fibula
Lower leg bones
Into what quadrant is an intraperitoneal injection given?
Lower right
What is the purpose of sebaceous glands?
Lubrication
Which enzyme is used in bioluminescence imaging?
Luciferase
Which type of syringe tip twists tightly onto the needle hub?
Luer lock tip
Which statement regarding syringes is TRUE?
Luer lock tip syringes are designed to ensure the needle locks into place
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below E is__________________________________
Lung
Which flow sequence is correct for the path of oxygenated blood?
Lungs ---> left atrium---> right ventricle---> lungs
What is the unit of measurement for light intensity?
Lux
Three major types: T cells, B cells, and NK cells
Lymphocytes
Which macaque species are the most commonly investigated Old World monkeys in behavioral research?
M.Mulatta
An exposure kit is especially important for staff working around which species?
Macaques
When monocytes leave the circulation to move into tissue, they change into what cell type?
Macrophage
Which type of cells break down pathogens that have been trapped in the lymph nodes?
Macrophages
According to the Guide, what is defined as a procedure that "penetrates and exposes a body cavity, produces substantial impairment of physical or physiologic functions, or involves extensive tissue dissection or transection?
Major surgery
Which statement is NOT a recommended step for introducing pups to a foster mother?
Make sure the scent of the birth mother is on the pups
Which statement is NOT a recommended step for introducing pups to a faster mother?
Make sure the scent of the birth mother is on the pups.
Centralized management programs may have satellite locations that are:
Managed by vivarium staff
Which activity minimizes breeding time when mating is in the male's home cage?
Marking Territory
The guide uses the word _______________ to indicates a suggestion to be considered.
May
______ indicates a suggestion to be considered.
May
Match type and name of the Instrument Needle holder without scissors
Mayo-Hegar
List 2 types of needle holders and their distinguishing feature.
Mayo-Hegar Olsen-Hegar; only the Olsen-Hegar has scissor blades below the jaws for cutting suture strands.
For which disease must personnel with access to NHPs be immunized or provided documentation of immunity?
Measles
What is the type of filter that removes large, solid waste?
Mechanical
Which type of filter removes large, solid waste?
Mechanical
The imaginary line dividing the body in half symmetrically is called the _______ plane.
Median
Which statement is TRUE about medical records for surgery?
Medical records are required by the Animal Welfare Regulations and the PHS Policy for the humane care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
Why is it important to alert your supervisor or veterinarian when an animal has part of the body caught in its cage?
Medical treatment may be required.
What does the thyroid gland regulate?
Metabolic rate and calcium utilization
What is the term for the spread of cancer throughout the body?
Metastasis
Which state of the estrous cycle does the female ignore the male?
Metestrus
Which species is NOT commonly used for antibody production?
Mice
Which species are most often used for acute toxicity tests?
Mice and rabbits
Which device can be used to collect blood?
Microhematocrit tube
What is a biofilm?
Microorganism build-up on the tank wall
Seminal fluid harvested from fish is known as _____
Milt
Seminal fluid harvested from fish is known as _______________
Milt
What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart?
Mitral Valve
What is the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart?
Mitral valve
Which is NOT a factor that determines the severity of a disease?
Mode of transmission
Having one estrus cycle per year
Monestrous
The purpose of a grant application is to request?
Money to conduct research
Perform phagocytosis
Monocytes
A mated pair left together through pregnancy
Monogamous mating
One female is bred with one male
Monogamous mating
One female is bred with one male.
Monogamous mating
Pedigree recordkeeping is simpler
Monogamous mating
What type of mating occurs when only 1 female and 1 male are put together in a cage?
Monogamous mating
What is a quorum of a committee?
More than half of the members
Which statement is FALSE?
Most people do not act ethically and must be guided and encouraged to do so.
Which normal, mature animal has erythrocytes with no nucleus?
Mouse
Where does digestion begin?
Mouth
Which material is more likely to increase the chance of wound infection?
Multifilament
What requirement does the Animal Welfare Act place on multiple survival surgery?
Multiple survival surgeries are permitted when scientifically justified.
What do polyclonal antibodies react against?
Multiple unique areas on a particular antigen
Given the cost to feed one dog and the number of dogs at your facility each day, how is the annual cost of feeding the dogs calculated?
Multiply the daily cost to feed one dog by the number of dogs, and then multiply by 365
The Word _________ is used in the Guide to describe aspects of a program that are strong recommendations to achieve a goal.
Must
_______ is used to describe aspects of an animal care program that are considered essential or imperative to the proper humane care and use of lab animals.
Must
Physical changes in a gene
Mutation
Which pathogen is not necessarily destroyed by EPA-approved hospital disinfectants or sanitizers?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What acts like an insulator and makes the nerve appear white in color?
Myelin
What is the fatty substance which surrounds most axons throughout the body?
Myelin
List the 3 layers of tissue that comprise the walls of the heart
Myocardium Epicardium Endocardium
What factor typically determines animal facility design?
Nature of the research and testing activities
What usually helps determine animal facility design?
Nature of the research and testing activities
Which of the following is an example of a safety injector?
Needle-free injector
If the air pressure inside the animal room is lower than the air pressure in the surrounding rooms, the rooms is said to be under:
Negative pressure
What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Which structure filters blood, forming urine with water and wastes removed from the blood?
Nephron
Dermis contains
Nerves, blood vessel, hair follicles, smooth muscle fibers, pigment.
What is another name for a nerve cell?
Neuron
Perform phagocytosis and are a type of granulocyte
Neutrophils
Which statement about GLP animal studies is FALSE?
New animals must be used immediately as received from the vendor.
What is the term for the transient stressful microenvironment for aquatic species that occurs while the biologic filter is being established?
New tank syndrome
During the time when the biologic filter is being established, what levels can increase and remain high?
Nitrite and ammonia
Failure to remove solid waste from an aquatic tank results in the increase of which chemical?
Nitrogen
What is the process of breaking down the waste product ammonia to its less toxic byproducts, nitrites and nitrates called?
Nitrogen cycle
Which cycle involves the breaking down of waste product ammonia into its less toxic byproducts?
Nitrogen cycle
There is greater control in timing litters
Non intensive breeding
Labor costs may be higher
Non-intensive breeding
Which animal is required by the Animal Welfare Act to have psychological enrichment?
Nonhuman Primates
In which species is self-mutilation most commonly seen?
Nonhuman primates
Which animals are required by the Animal Welfare Act to have psychological enrichment?
Nonhuman primates
What is the matrix in a mature bone?
Nonliving material containing minerals
Which type of solutions are used to represent the concentration of electrolytes in sterile fluids used for injection?
Normal
How do cells absorb nutrients from the blood?
Nutrients in blood diffuse out of capillaries into the extracellular fluid that surrounds the cell
How do the nutrients enter the tissues from the blood?
Nutrients in the blood diffuse out of capillaries into the extracellular fluid of the tissues.
How do cells absorb nutrients from the blood?
Nutrients in the blood diffuse out of capillaries into the extracellular fluid that surrounds the cell.
Both too much and too little of a specific vitamins and minerals can result in which type of disease?
Nutritional
Publishes the Policy on the Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
OLAW
What agency enforces the PHS Policy?
OLAW
____ can restrict or withdraw approval of the Assurance if the institution fails at its responsibility?
OLAW
______ Inspects a handful of institutions randomly each year?
OLAW
What is a first step for animal technician to physically examine an animal?
Observe the animal before restraining it
What is a first step for an animal technician to physically examine an animal?
Observe the animal before restraining it.
Guidance for controlling laboratory animal allergy can be found which document?
Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals
What document is published by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Research and gives guidance on creating and implementing an institutional occupation health and safety programs?
Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals
Who can restrict or withdraw approval of the Animal Welfare Assurance if an institution fails at its responsibilities?
Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare
What organization is responsible for monitoring compliance with Public Health Service (PHS) Policy?
Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW)
Which organization is responsible for monitoring compliance with PHS Policy?
Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW)
Match type and name of the Instrument Needle holder with scissors
Olsen-Hegar
Identify the chambers C of the ruminant stomach in the diagram below.
Omasum
What are one of the components of the ruminant stomach?
Omasum
Type digestive system: Mouse
Omnivore
Type digestive system: Rat
Omnivore
Type digestive system: Rhesus Monkey
Omnivore
Type digestive system: Swine
Omnivore
Second step of bird respiration
On first exhalation, air moves from the posterior air sacs and into the lungs.
First step of bird respiration
On first inhalation, air flows through the trachea and primarily into the posterior (rear) air sacs.
How long after a cat or dog is euthanized must the identification tag be retained for USDA review?
One year
Which is TRUE about glass bead sterilization?
Only the tips of the instruments that are in the glass beads are sterilized.
What is the 2nd step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
Open all locks and disassemble instruments if possible
What is the usual treatment of an abscess?
Opening the abscess to drain the pus followed by rinsing with an disinfecting solution
Extension
Opening the joint (increases the angle; opposite flexion).
What is an example of a topical anesthetic used for anesthetizing the eye?
Opthaline
A positive test for ATP indicates the presence of what?
Organic Material
What can be implanted for long-term, continuous infusion of a solution to unrestrained laboratory animals?
Osmotic pump
What device can be implanted for long-term, continuous infusion of a solution to unrestrained?
Osmotic pump
Which device can provide long-term, continuous infusion of solution to unrestrained laboratory animals?
Osmotic pump
Which of the following is not a common condition that can be seen in aquatic animals?
Otitis
Which condition is NOT a common cause of maternal neglect and cannibalism in lab animals?
Outbreeding
Which condition may result in gas bubble disease?
Oversaturation of the tank water with gases
The primary function of the circulatory system is to deliver _______________________ and _____________________ and to remove ______________________ and ___________________________ from the cells.
Oxygen; nutrients; CO; other waste products
Covers all live vertebrate animals including laboratory strains of birds, rats and mice, and larvae of fish and amphibians
PHS policy
What procedure is used for proper sterilization of instruments in an autoclave?
Pack to allow opening without contaminating the contents
Which method is used to ensure that the control group and the experimental group receive the same amount of feed?
Pair-feeding
When intubating guinea pig or chinchilla, care must be taken in order to avoid damaging what structure
Palatal ostium
What is NOT a factor that should be monitored in an anesthetized animal?
Palpebral reflex
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below M is__________________________________
Pancreas
What is a grant application?
Paperwork used to request research money
A vaccine is composed of:
Part of all disease organism
Giving Birth
Parturition
Which term refers to giving birth?
Parturition
Sesamoid bones
Patella
What does bioexclusion aim to prevent?
Pathogens entering a room
The _________ rates refer to the cost charged to maintain one unit, typically either one animal or cage of animals, for one day. Rates include both direct cost, such as husbandry supplies, veterinary supplies and staff salaries. Plus, they may include a percentage, of the indirect cost, as specified by the institution.
Per diem
What is the term that refers to the cost charged to maintain one unit, either one animal or one cage of animals, for one day?
Per diem rate
Which sterilant is often used to sterilize holding chambers for gnotobiotic animals?
Peracetic Acid
What method is used to distribute shared costs, such as PPE or cage wash labor, across each species?
Percentage of effort, census, or use for that species
What is the sac of connective tissue surrounding the heart called?
Pericardium
The three periods of surgery consists of prior, during, and following the operation. These periods together are known as:
Perioperative
What membrane attaches tendons to the long bone?
Periosteum
What are the wave-like contractions of the esophagus that help move food down the esophagus called?
Peristalsis
What 2 substances commonly found in the laboratory can be highly toxic to amphibians
Phenolics; latex
Physical traits that are a result of the underlying genetic makeup
Phenotype
Which term is defined as the observable or discernible characteristics of aniamls?
Phenotype
Differences in an animal's ability to mount an immune response is an example of which phenotype?
Physiological
Only one of the following species can vomit; which is it?
Pigs
The cellophane tape test is a method for detecting which parasites?
Pinworms
Which of the following statements is TRUE about physical methods of euthanasia?
Pithing should only be used as adjunctive method of euthanasia.
Which of the following is not a method of preventing vermin in an animal facility?
Place bedding supplies on the floor
What should you do when setting up a rodent weaning cage?
Place food and water where the pups can reach it.
What can be done to prevent hypothermia of an animal during surgery?
Place the animal on a warm surface
Which term refers to the side of the hind foot that contacts the ground when the animal is standing?
Plantar
Antibodies are produced by what type of lymphocyte?
Plasma cells (differentiated B cells)
Which sterilant is an alternative to ethylene oxide sterilization?
Plasma hydrogen peroxide
In mammals, thrombocytes are:
Platelets
Which statement is FALSE about institutional policies?
Policies override regulatory requirements
Females removed from breeding cage when pregnant
Polygamous mating
What type of mating system occurs when 2 or more females are bred with 1 male and the females are removed from the mating cage once they are determined to be pregnant?
Polygamous mating
Two or more females are bred with one male
Polygamous mating or Harem mating
Used for mouse strains less able to produce litters
Polygamous mating or Harem mating
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase chain reaction
Which is the most common test to determine genotype?
Polymerase chain reation
Reports prepared by the IACUC during semiannual facilities inspections must distinguish between minor and significant deficiencies. Which of the following best describes a significant deficiency?
Poses a threat to the health and safety of the animals
What is the process called in which a reward is used to get an animal to repeat a behavior?
Positive reinforcement
What is the name of the program that helps to ensure that IACUC-approved procedures are being followed?
Post-approval monitoring program
Heat period that occurs soon after birth
Postpartum estrus
What occurs after birth in rat, mice, and guinea pig females?
Postpartum estrus
Before a new drug is tested on human subjects, the drug is tested on animals in a phase that is called_________ testing.
Preclinical
Which is a key difference in technique between intravenous injection and intravenous blood collection?
Pressure applied proximal to the injection site is released prior to injecting, and pressure is maintained when drawing blood.
What is the mechanism for gas exchange in the body?
Pressure gradient
What is aseptic technique?
Preventing contamination of a disinfected or sterile field
What is biocontainment?
Preventing pathogens from leaving the room to protect people and animals elsewhere in the facility.
What is the best means of disease control?
Prevention
What agent of infectious disease is described as a misfolded protein?
Prion
Second step of Job planning?
Prioritize/schedule tasks
In PET and SPECT technologies, what is another term for the radio-pharmaceuticals administered?
Probes
in PET and SPECT technologies, what is another term for the radio-pharmaceuticals administered?
Probes
Animals used for research
Production colony
What is the stage of estrus in which ova develop in the ovary?
Proestrus
When applying for AAALAC accreditation, the institution submits a detailed document outlining the animal care program called a ______
Program description
Why must albino rats and mice be housed in low light intesity?
Prolonged exposure to high light intensity may cause retinal degeneration in these animals.
Technique performed on a fertilized egg in a single cell stage
Pronuclear injection
What is the name of the technique for injecting DNA directly into the fertilized egg with a tiny glass pipette?
Pronuclear injection
For most animals, which nutrient is the only one that undergoes any noteworthy chemical digestion in the stomach?
Protein
Which mandate requires five Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) members?
Public Health Service (PHS) Policy
Which sequence is correct for oxygenated blood in mammals?
Pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, to body
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below J is__________________________________
Pyloric Sphincter
What is the opening of the stomach that leads to the small intestines called?
Pyloric sphincter
A substance that produces a fever in an animal is called a(n)
Pyrogen
What is a substance that produces a fever called?
Pyrogen
Where are Xenopus typically given an IM injection?
Quadriceps muscles
Who is responsible for maintaining copies of study protocols at a facility that conforms to GLP standards?
Quality assurance Unit
In an institution following GLP standards, who has the responsibility to monitor compliance of a study in accordance with the GLP stndards?
Quality assurance unit
Which is NOT a method by which surgical materials can be sterilized?
Quaternary ammonium
Phenolic compounds will lose their activity if combined with which other cleaning compounds?
Quaternary ammonium compounds
In which species is the Draize test commonly used?
Rabbits
List 4 types of Bioimaging
Radiopharmaceuticals used with nuclear medicine cameras; ultrasound; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); positron emission tomography (PET); single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); computed tomography (CT); fluorescent and bioluminescent systems.
. Which animal may have blood drawn from the orbital plexus?
Rat
What species is the most frequently studied lab animal for behavioral research?
Rat
According to the Good Laboratory Practices (GPLs) Regulations, what are the observations, measurements, and specimens related to a study called?
Raw Data
Fifth step of job planning?
Reassess to-do list for remaining tasks.
The animal biosafety levels (ABSLs) include what information not found in the biosafety levels (BSLs)?
Recommendations specific for animal facilities
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below R is__________________________________
Rectum
What is the process called when fertilized eggs or embryos are taken from a female and implanted into a female who has been tested and found free of pathogens?
Rederivation
What problem is caused by diluting a chemical agent too much?
Reduce efficacy of the product
What is the purpose of ground-fault circuit interrupted (GFCI) electrical outlets?
Reduce the severity of an electric shock
How can an environment acceptable for terrestrial animals be adjusted so that the humidity will be in a suitably moist range for amphibians?
Reduce ventilation
Advantages with intensive breeding are:
Reduced aggressive behavior
Name an advantage for a Recirculating tank systems
Reduces water consumptions. Filtration reduces waste products in the circulating water.
If a researcher minimizes the number of potentially painful procedures that animals must undergo in a study, which of the 3Rs principles is being applied?
Refinement
What does the lymphatic system do?
Regulates fluid balance between tissue and blood plasma
Which statement is FALSE regarding ethics and animal research?
Regulatory mandates, institutional policies, and animal use protocols provide all the guidance needed to make ethical decisions about animal wellbeing.
Which of the following statement is FALSE in regards to ethics and animal research?
Regulatory mandates, institutional policies, and animal use protocols will provide all the guidance needed to make ethical decisions about animal wellbeing.
Which step is done by the scrubbed surgeon and not by the assistant?
Remove the folded gown
What is the 10th step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
Repack for sterilization
What should be done when cleansing and disinfecting the incision are prior to surgery?
Repeat the scrubbing process three times, with a new piece of gauze each time
If a researcher uses fruit flies instead of mice for a study, which of 3Rs principles being applied?
Replacement
If a researcher uses fruit flies instead of mice for a study, which of the 3R's is being applied?
Replacement
List 2 ways training requirements may be identifies for research staff.
Requests for animal facility access; animal protocol submission
What type of information is usually included in a grant application?
Research goals, scientific study, preliminary data.
What determines how long GLP archives of data must be stored?
Research or marketing permit
Which statement regarding private funding sources is FALSE?
Researchers working for private companies do not need to compete for funding.
What statement is TRUE about compliance and ethics?
Resolving ethical questions often requires a team approach.
Which of the following is a form of structural enrichment?
Resting Board
Which of the following is a form structural enrichment?
Resting board
For GLP, which of the following should be included in a training file for each staff person?
Resume that shows education and experience relevant to tasks performed
Identify the chambers B of the ruminant stomach in the diagram below.
Reticulum
What are one of the components of the ruminant stoamch?
Reticulum
A cost recovery analysis for technical services offered by the vivarium is based on what?
Revenue for the service compared to expenses for related supplies and labor
A cost recovery percentage is a ratio of __________ to _________
Revenue; expenses
Which needles are typically used for ophthalmic or cosmetic surgery?
Reverse cutting
Which of the following is NOT function of the IACUC?
Review and approve the vendor list for laboratory animal feed and bedding
Which of the following is a primary duty of the IACUC?
Review animal welfare concerns
Flat bones
Ribs, scapula, parts of the cranium
A condition in rodents associated with low relative humidity is _______________
Ringtail
What condition is associated with low relative humidity in mice and rats?
Ringtail
What is the 1st step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
Rinse Instruments in water as soon as surgery is completed.
What is the 5th step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
Rinse instruments with hot water to ensure complete removal of detergent.
What should be done if an animal shows signs of poisoning shortly after being treated for external parasites with insecticide powder?
Rinse the animal in water.
What should be done if there are unavoidable delays and instruments cannot be properly cleaned immediately after surgery?
Rinse the instruments in water and place in a plastic bag.
Identify the chambers A of the ruminant stomach in the diagram below.
Rumen
What are one of the components of the ruminant stomach?
Rumen
Which device is often used when working with highly pathogenic infectious agents?
Safety needle
When administering an intracranial injection, what 3 anatomical landmarks should be identified?
Sagittal suture Lambda Bregma
Which is NOT a source of a pathogen transmitted vertically?
Salive
In which structure is an egg transported from an ovary to the uterus?
Salpinx
Conductivity in a tank system must balance with the amount of ______ in the water so that osmosis into or out of the animals does not occur.
Salts
Conductivity in a tank system must balance with the amount of _______________ in the water so that osmosis into or out of the animals does not occur.
Salts
Reduces but does not necessarily eliminate microoganisms
Sanitation
Which type of chemical reduces the number, but does not eliminate microorganisms?
Sanitizer
What type of dental instrument removes calculus from teeth?
Scaler
What surgical instrument is a rigid cutting device used for incising or puncturing tissue?
Scalpel
What does the Guide knowledge as determining the necessity for various functional areas in the physical plan of a research program?
Scope and type of research conducted
Which of the following is a desirable quality of aquatic facility surface finishes?
Seamless
At which of the 4 steps in bird respiration does air move from the lungs and into the anterior air sacs?
Second inhalation
A study examining the reproductive toxicity in male and female aniamls:
Segment I
Gamete abnormality
Segment I
Mating performance
Segment I
Ova Implantation
Segment I
Which type of study investigates reproductive toxicity in male and female animals?
Segment I
Which statement is TRUE about toxicity studies?
Segment I, II, and III studies are often conducted in rodents.
A study examining fetal toxicity
Segment II
Fetal development before palate closure
Segment II
A study examining toxicity in newborn pups:
Segment III
Fetal development after palate closure
Segment III
Lactation
Segment III
Parturition
Segment III
In fish, the Weberian apparatus is a part of which body system?
Sensory
What should be the first priority when a pair of socially incompatible animals are observed fighting?
Separation
What type of test is done to verify the health status of recipient females for embryo rederivation?
Serology
Which type of test is done to verify the health status of recipient females for embryo rederivation?
Serology
Match type and name of the Instrument Scissors
Sharp-blunt
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Sheep used in a study different ways to improve the quality of wool for use in clothing would NOT be covered by the Animal Welfare Act.
What 5 articles of PPE should be worn by all personnel who enter a dedicated operating room?
Shoe covers Surgical Cap Mask Sterile gown Gloves
In the Guide, what word is used to describe aspects of an animal care program that are strong recommendations?
Should
The word _______ is used in the Guide to describe aspects of a program that are strong recommendations to achieve a goal?
Should
________ is used to describe aspects of an animal care program that are strong recommendations for achieving a goal.
Should
Which is NOT an advantage of non-intensive breeding?
Simpler recordkeeping
List 3 types of radiation exposure used to induce immunodeficiencies
Single exposure radiation Low-dose semi-continuous radiation Partial-body radiation
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their _____________________
Size
What factor determines the right time to wean pups?
Size of the pups
Which factor determines the right time to wean pups?
Size of the pups
Which muscle type has voluntary movement?
Skeletal
Which system provides body shape and protection?
Skeletal
Which system provides shape and protection?
Skeletal
What is the integumentary system comprised of?
Skin
What is an animal's primary means of keeping out most invading organisms?
Skin and mucous membranes
Which type of muscle is found in the digestive and respiratory tracts?
Smooth
What substance can be added to an aquatic system to raise the pH?
Sodium bicarbonate
Why can per diem rates differ between institutions?
Some institutions include costs that others do not include
Animal Pain Category "E"
Some pain and/or distress without administration of pain relieving or tranquilizing drugs
The ______________ test is used to determine the kidneys' ability to concentrate the urine.
Specific gravity
What is the spectrum of activity?
Specific organisms against which the product was tested
What 3 factors will ensure a delegated task is completed successfully?
Specifying the procedures to be followed. Providing a timeframe for completion. Having
Match the term with the definition Organisms against which a product was tested
Spectrum Activity
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below K is__________________________________
Spleen
Identify which cancer models are induced (I) or spontaneous (S): Leukemia in AKR mice
Spontaneous
To be considered a sterilant, chemical agent must be tested and approved to kill which type of organism?
Spores
A health certificate is NOT required for which animal species shipped interstate in the US?
Sprague Dawley rat
Which statement regarding chemical safety is FALSE?
Spraying and fogging require less stringent PPE
What is stereotaxic equipment used for?
Stabilizing the head for precise measurement
Which of the following areas is not covered under GLPs?
Staff brearooms
A document that outlines the steps required to clean an animal room is called a:
Standard Operating procedure.
Which statement comparing cage-level ventilation in individually ventilated cages (IVCs) to that in static microisolation-type cages, is FALSE?
Static microisolation-type cages require less frequent bedding changes.
Which statement is FALSE for maintaining sterility?
Sterile instruments should be placed below the edge of the surgical table
Kills all forms of microbial life and their spores
Sterilization
_______ refers to the complete killing of all living organisms, including spores.
Sterilization
Which type of chemical kills all microbial life and spores?
Sterilizer
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below I is__________________________________
Stomach
What does the IACUC have the authority to do?
Stop a previously approved animal use protocol
What should be done if resistance is felt while inserting a gastric gavage tube?
Stop, remove the tube, and start over.
The term _________________ and _____________________ are commonly used to refer to collecting sperm or ova from fish and amphibians.
Stripping; milking
_____________ and ________________ between supervisors and staff are crucial to organizing and completing projects on time.
Strong rapport; clear communication
Who must sign the final report of the study?
Study director
Which type of test involves repeated administration of a substance over 28 days (1 month)?
Subacute
Route of administration SQ or SC
Subcutaneous
SC
Subcutaneous
Antiseptics
Substances that destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms or inhibit growth of microorganisms, but do not sterilize
What is the term for induction of an increased number of eggs that mature and are released from the ovaries simultaneously?
Superovulation
What is the term for induction of an increased number of eggs that mature and re released from the ovaries simultaneously?
Superovulation
Which statement regarding appropriate garb in the operating room is FLASE?
Support staff do not need to wear surgical masks
Besides genetic manipulation, list 3 ways by which immunodeficiencies can be introduced into animal models
Surgery; exposure to chemicals; irradiation; induced tolerance
Select which items may be used to close a skin incision.
Suture Would Clip Cyanoacrylate polymer
A needle that comes with suture material attached is known as a _____________ suture
Swaged-on
Which species is routinely fasted before surgery?
Swine
What type if lymphocyte do nude mice genetically lack?
T cells
Three major types of lymphocytes
T cells B cells Natural killer (NK) cells
What is the correct nomenclature for a Swiss Webster mouse bred by Taconic Bioscience?
Tac:SW
Which of these mice is an outbred stock?
Tac:SW
A catheter may be secured to a rat using which item?
Tail cuff tether
A catheter may be secured to a rat using which items?
Tail cuff tether
List 3 methods of identifying adult animals at a research institution.
Tattoos Tag & Collar Microchip
List 6 parameters that must be monitored and measured to maintain water quality in an aquatic system.
Temperature, pH, chlorine and chloramines, conductivity, hardness, dissolved oxygen, nitrogenous wastes.
Muscles are attached to bones by:
Tendons
A substance that damages a developing fetus is called a _______ .
Teratogen
A__________ includes the animals or other entity that is administered a substance.
Test system
Which of the following is a gonad?
Testicle
Which statement about enrichment is FALSE?
The AWR mandates a written plan for the psychological enrichment of dogs
Who appoints the IACUC members?
The CEO of the institution
Which document provides recommendations for the temperature and humidity of animal rooms?
The Guide
Which of the following best describes the role of the Institutional Official (IO)?
The IO is responsible for institutional compliance with the PHS Policy
Who has the legal authority to sign the USDA registration form of a research institution?
The Institutional Official
Which statement is TRUE about the Quality Assurance Unit (QAU) for GLP studies?
The QAU may be a department, an employee, or a contractor
What does it mean if an animal is wild type?
The animal does not contain a mutant allele for that gene
What does it mean if an animal is considered to be a wild type animal?
The animal does not contain the allele of interest
What behavior would indicate that an animal recovering from anesthesia needs veterinary attention?
The animal is gasping for breath
How is an animal's antibody titer raised further after the initial injection of antigen?
The animal is given a booster injection
In antibody production procedures, how is an animal's antibody titer raised further after the initial injection of antigen?
The animal is given a boosters injection
Which statement is TRUE about general anesthesia?
The animal is in a state of unconciousness
KO
The animals are a knockout. The gene of research interest has been removed or inactivated from genome of these animals.
+/- , +/- , +/-
The animals are heterozygous for all three genes
-/-, +/-
The animals are negative and homozygous for the first gene and are heterozygous for the second gene. The order in which the genes are written is important.
Rb homozygous Null
The animals do not have the Rb gene; the gene is not on either of the chromosomes in the pair.
What is a mammalian equivalent of the cloaca?
The anus and urethra
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for non-survival surgery
The area where surgery is performed must be sterile
List a complication that may make performing urinary catherization more difficult:
The bacteria flora of the distal urethra may contaminate the bladder and cause infeection.
Why do arteries have thicker walls than veins?
The blood in the arteries is under higher pressure
Why is blood collection using tail snip in adult rodents controversial?
The cartilage in the tail is replaced with bone, and the procedure is painful.
How are monoclonal antibodies produced in vitro?
The cells are grown in a medium where they secrete antibodies.
The administrative requirements for the procurement, storage, use, and disposal of scheduled drugs are largely specified by which federal law?
The controlled substances act
Which of the following is the definition for per diem rate?
The cost charged to maintain one animal or one cage of animals per day.
Dermis
The dermal layer lies directly under the epidermis
In addition to IACUC review investigators who intend to use hazardous materials in animals must have prior approval of
The environmental health and safety or biosafety office
If a research facility considers acquiring a cat from a person exempt from USDA licensing, what requirement applies to this transaction?
The facility does not need to observe the 5-day requirement for holding the cat
What can happen if fish are placed into a tank without an established biologic filter?
The fish might develop "new tank syndrome"
What is the cytoplasm?
The fluid environment of the cell that includes all cellular matter
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
The genotype is what the genes are, the phenotype is how genes are expresed.
Medications or test substances are absorbed by what structure in aquatic animals when they are dosed by immersion?
The gills
Match the word to its definition: Surgical field
The incision site plus adjacent areas on the animal. sterile drapes lying over the animal and the table, and portions of the surgeon's sterile gown
Who should resolve minor issues within the research team?
The individuals involved
Every 6 months the IACUC must create a report summarizing the findings of the semiannual program review and submit it to _______
The institutional Official
What are the clusters of cells that secrete insulin and glucagon
The islets of Langerhans
What are the clusters of cells that secrete insulin and glucagon?
The islets of Langerhans
Where is the saphenous vein located?
The lateral aspects of the lower rear leg
Which 2 structures should be avoided when administering IM injections to fish?
The lateral line The swim bladder
In mammals, which heart chamber pumps blood to all organ systems of the body?
The left ventricle
What heart chamber has the thickest wall?
The left ventricle
Diaphysis
The main shaft of the bone
What is the difference between an monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal antibody?
The monoclonal antibody reacts with only one site on an antigen
What is the difference between a monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal antibody?
The monoclonal antibody reacts with only one site on an antigen.
List 3 factors that may influence levels of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and humidity within the cage microenvironment?
The number of animals present, the animal strain, the bedding material, bedding volume, and frequency of cage changes.
What is relative humidity?
The percentage of water that air can hold
What occurs when an animal goes into circulatory shock?
The peripheral circulation fails.
What is a humane endpoint?
The point at which pain or distress in an experimental animal is prevented.
Refinement
The procedures used in the study be refined to lessen the pain
In the laboratory animal field biosecurity refers to what?
The protection of an animal colony from microbial contamination
In the context of biosafety, biosecurity means the what?
The protection of microbial agents from loss, theft, diversion, or intentional misuse.
In mammals, which heart chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
The right ventricle
Which statement is TRUE about a biological risk assessment?
The risk assessment aims to identify the best equipment and methods for protection
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for non-survival surgery?
The room or area where the surgery is performed must be sterile.
Where is roughage broken down in a goat?
The rumen
What is the aim of determining circulation patterns with facility design and operational procedures?
The separation of clean and dirty items to minimize contamination.
After surgery, in what receptacle do you dispose of needles, scalpel blades, and other disposable sharp objects?
The sharps container
Palmar
The side of the forefoot the contact the ground when standing (also called volar)
Plantar
The side of the hind foot that contacts the ground when standing (also called volar)
Medullary cavity
The space inside long bones that contains red or yellow marrow
Epiphysis
The specialized area at the ends of the long bones where growth occurs in young animals.
What is a cleaning agent's spectrum of activity?
The specific organism against which it was tested.
What is the characteristic that animals used for this technique must have?
The technique is limited to animals with a large venous sinus or plexus
One of the 4 core values for the ethical treatment of laboratory animals.
The use of animals in research should be scientifically
Who decides the course of action if an animal exhibits pain and distress before reaching a humane endpoint?
The veterinarian and the principal investigator
What immediate problem can be caused by an anesthetized animal vomiting during surgery?
The vomited material can be inhaled into the lungs
Which statement about static systems is FALSE?
There is a high risk of tank-to-tank contamination
What occurs in anestrus?
There is a long period between breeding seasons
For most species how do you tell if an animal is adequately anesthetized?
There is no withdrawal reflex
For most species, how do tell if an animal is adequately anesthetized?
There is no withdrawal reflex
Which of the following statements is TRUE of barbituarates?
These drugs usually induce euthanasia smootly
Which statement is FALSE about osmotic pumps?
They are capable of providing dose administration for up to 10 weeks.
What do thrombocytes do?
They are involved in blood clotting
Why is it important to avoid rust and salt encrustations near tanks?
They can contaminant the tank water with minerals and salts
What is an advantage of vaporized hydrogen peroxide and chloride dioxide over formaldehyde when used for room decontamination?
They do not leave chemical residues
Why is food not withheld from rodents and rabbits before surgery?
They do not vomit
How do the drugs used in chemically induced immunodeficiency work?
They interrupt DNA or RNA synthesis
Why must unique animal identifiers, such as ID tags, be retained?
They may be reviewed by a USDA inspector
What must be done to instruments that have been sterilized with aldehydes before using them?
They must be rinsed with sterile saline
Name an advantage for a Flow-through tank systems
They require little daily maintenance; waste products are carried out with the flow of water.
Common name for the following: Femur
Thigh bone
What is the 3rd step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
Thoroughly scrub each instrument with a soft brush and instrument detergent under warm water.
How frequently is a drug administered that is marked TID?
Three times daily
PHS Policy requires that all assurance records related directly to gran applications, research proposals, and change in research activities be maintained for how long?
Three year
What type of floor plan is designed so that each room has exit doors to a dirty corridor that wraps around the periphery of the floor plan?
Three-corridor
How do rodents respire?
Through the lungs
Which gland can be surgically removed to cause a deficiency in T cells?
Thymus
Which organ can be removed surgically from newborn mice and rats to induce immunodecficiency?
Thymus
What can be surgically removed from newborn pups to cause a deficiency in T cells?
Thymus gland
How does the assistant help with gowning?
Ties the neck and waist of the gown
Which method would be most likely to help you become more productive and efficient on the job?
Time management
What may happen if a surgery takes longer than expected due to repeated breaches of sterile technique?
Tissue may dry out, which would impair healing
What is the purpose of an endotracheal tube?
To administer oxygen
What is the goal of ethical decision making in an animal research prgram?
To balance the consideration of all important factors in the decision.
What is the goal of ethical decision-making in an animal research program?
To balance the consideration of all important factors in the decision.
Why is core body temperature monitored during surgery?
To check for a decrease in temperature
Why are substances injected intracranially?
To circumvent the blood brain barrier
What are the hemostatic forceps used for?
To clamp onto bleeding tissue containing a served vessel
List 2 conditions under which it might be desirable to use rederivation.
To clear a colony of an infectious disease. To obtain an animal line from a facility where animals cannot be verified as specific pathogen-free
What is the purpose of leukocytes?
To help the body with infection and injury
Why are scientific studies published in a peer-reviewed journal?
To inform other scientists about the study results
Why is a treatment for external parasites applied in multiple administrations several days apart?
To kill newly hatched larvae
Why does the germicidal spectrum of ultraviolet light have to be in a certain wavelength range?
To limit microorganism replication
Why is it important not to rush when scrubbing fingers, hands, and arms?
To make sure that the contact time of the scrub on the skin is long enough
What is the purpose of a wet-bulb thermometer?
To measure humidity
Why would rederivation be used?
To obtain an animal with no infectious disease
Why is it important to provide an external heat source during and after surgery?
To prevent hypothermia
What is the purpose of the "whistleblower' policy required by the Guide and the AWR?
To protect personnel from discrimination or reprisal from reporting animal welfare concerns.
Why is a study of ethics important for reaching an ethical deicision?
To provide a systematic process of ethical decision-making
Why do some species require preoperative fasting?
To reduce the chance that the animal may vomit while anesthetized and aspirate the vomited material into its lungs
What is the role of the nerve tissue?
To respond to stimuli, send signals to the brain, and relay messages from the brain to the muscles.
Why are multi-dose toxicity tests performed?
To study the effects of repeated administrations of a substance
Why are induced cancer models used in studies?
To track progression of the disease
What is the role of hemoglobin molecules?
To transport respiratory gases
Why would a "cut down" be performed to access a vessel?
To visualize a blood vessel for catheterization
Why would a "cut-down" procedure be performed?
To visualize a blood vessel for catheterization
Why would be "cut-down" procedure be performed?
To visualize a blood vessel for catheterization
During anesthesia, how is pain measured?
Toe pinch
Which term is used for a severe case of bloat in which the stomach or intestines become twisted?
Torsion
Which parameter is a measure of both calcium magnesium ions in water?
Total Hardness
What does the term medial mean?
Toward the middle of the body
Distal
Toward the periphery. When referring to limbs, in the direction away from the trunk
______________ in the science of poisons and the harmful or noxious effects these substances have on living organisms.
Toxicology
Aquatic amphibians have permeable skin that can allow absorption of what?
Toxins
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below B is__________________________________
Trachea
Which statement is TRUE regarding a personnel training program and animal care and use?
Training may be offered to personnel with no contract with animals to demonstrate animals are being appropriately handled.
Which of the following is NOT a component of the veterinary care program?
Training of husbandry personnel on changing cages
What is NOT a duty of the IACUC?
Training research staff
Which of the following is NOT a mode of horizontal transmission?
Transovarian
The epithelium functions as a protective barrier against _________________________________, and __________________________________
Trauma; fluid loss; penetration by infectious agents or noxious chemicals
Which is least likely to be the cause of pruritus?
Traumatic injury
What is the name of the valve that is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
A 1 molar solution of a compound contains the molecular weight (MW) in grams of that compound per liter of solution.
True
A preimmunization blood sample should be collected to identify whether polyclonal antibodies are present before an antigen is injected.
True
A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more constituents
True
A towel should be used for drying the fingers and hands before it is used to dry the arms
True
A whistleblower policy is an institutional policy that is put in place to protect anyone who voices a concern about the way an animal is being treated.
True
All immunosuppressive drugs are relatively toxic
True
Blood is classified as connective tissue
True
Blunt-blunt scissors are preferred for dissection of living tissue.
True
Cold sterilization is useful for instruments and devices that are heat sensitive but can be immersed in liquid.
True
Dirt, blood, and other gross contaminants reduce the effectiveness of sterilization
True
Disinfectants are usually toxic to living tissue
True
During the gloving gowning procedure, the bare fingers should never tough the outside of the gloves or gown
True
Effective delegation requires defined expectations and feedback from the supervisor.
True
Ethylene oxide gas is effective at sterilizing most surgical items
True
For adjuvants, small multiple-site injections are more favorable for producing an adequate antibody response and may be better tolerated than a single larger injection.
True
For successful decontamination, a surface must remain wet with the chemical agent for the entire contact time specified on the label.
True
Hormones are chemical substances that elicit specific responses in other body cells.
True
Hypochlorite does not leave a toxic residue but may form toxic compounds when mixed with ammonia or acids.
True
In most bird species, only the left ovary is functional.
True
Most amphibians live in cool, dark environments in the wild; therefore, direct exposure to bright light should be avoided.
True
Pain has both a physical and an emotional component
True
Phenolics are extremely hazardous to several animal species, such as cats and amphibians.
True
Rooms for aquatic species should have lower airflow than that typically used in rooms for terrestrial species/
True
Safety needles are commonly used when working with infectious agents or infected animals.
True
Sharps containers should be discarded when approximately 2/3 full.
True
Some experimental animals have been genetically manipulated to induce specific immune system deficiencies.
True
Surgical instrument lubricants do not interfere with sterilization by autoclave or gas sterilants
True
The African clawed frog (Xenos laevis) remains fully aquatic through all life stages.
True
The Ag Guide requires that institutions establish an occupational health program to protect personnel from the hazards associated with a program's research activities?
True
The Guide provides recommended values for temperature, humidity, floor, and vertical cage height for common laboratory animal species?
True
The actions taken to assure that laboratory animals are treated according to high ethical and scientific standards are referred to as animal welfare.
True
The autonomic nervous system controls or regulates involuntary bodily functions.
True
The epiphysis is a specialized are at the end of the long bones where growth occurs in young animals.
True
The function of the lymph nodes is to filter and clean lymph prior to its return to the heart?
True
The humane treatment of animals in an animal facility is the responsibility of all personnel at the institution.
True
Tonus helps an animal maintain its posture and its organs to function properly.
True
When determining the route of administration, the abbreviation PO means to give by mouth or orally
True
Xenopus rely on cutaneous respiration during their larval stage but later breathe primarily through lungs.
True
Municipal city water used in animal tanks must be tested at regular intervals for toxic chemical additives and heavy metals, such as chlorines, chloramines, and cooper.
Trye
The lack of both cellular and antibody immune response makes SCID mice good models for __________ .
Tumors
If an animal with a health condition such as diabetes is needed for a study, who can grant an exception to the requirement for a health certificate?
USDA
Registers institutions using species covered by the AWA
USDA
Who developed the Animal Welfare Regulations?
USDA
Which of the following is the least potent sterilizer?
Ultraviolet radiation
Contaminated
Unclean or nonsterile
Which government entity regulates disinfectants and sterilizers used on hard surfaces?
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Which of the following regulates disinfectants and sterilizers used on hard surfaces?
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Urine flows from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through which structure?
Ureter
The fan-like projection of fused bones at the end of the caudal vertebrae in fish is called the ______________.
Urostyle
What is the fan-like projection of bones where the caudal vertebrae meet the caudal fin?
Urostyle
What is the 4th step, in proper the proper sequence, that are necessary to clean surgical instruments and prepare them for re-use?
Use an ultrasonic cleaner to cleanse inaccessible areas and tightly bound debris
In a mixed floor plan, how might clean caging equipment be transported down a corridor alongside soiled equipment?
Use cloth or plastic shrouding to cover the clean equipment during transport
What is an example of the 3Rs principle of reduction?
Using fewer animals in a study
What is an example of refinement?
Using less painful procedures
To avoid inflammation induced by vaginal swabbing for cytology, _____________________ may be used instead, which allows the cells of the vaginal canal to be sampled and then visualized with _______________________________.
Vaginal lavage; crystal violet stain
What is the name of a device used to cannulate a blood vessel?
Vascular access port
Which device allows blood collection via a cannulated blood vessels?
Vascular access port
Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?
Vertebra
Irregular bones
Vertebrae, mandible, pelvic bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis).
Inspectors from the USDA who inspect animal facilities are known as what?
Veterinary Medical Officers
Why should vibration be minimized in areas housing laboratory animals?
Vibration is a source of physiological stress
List the 5 categories
Visible Behavioral Demonstrable Inducible Physiological
List 4 ways in which pregnancy can be confirmed
Visual inspection of the abdominal area Palpation of the abdominal area ultrasound radiographs
For which nutrient study would the rat NOT be an appropriate model?
Vitamin C
What problem/s can be cause by diluting a chemical agent too little?
Wastes the product (a financial loss) and may increase toxic effects.
Which of the following statements from the Animal Welfare Regulations is TRUE?
Water and food receptacles must be cleaned and sanitized every 2 weeks.
What will happen to an aquatic species if the water in the system has too many ions?
Water will flow from the animal's bodies into the tank water
What type of water is essential for aquatic species?
Water without chlorine
How often should water hardness be monitored?
Weekly
How often should water hardness be monitores
Weekly
How long does it take to establish a healthy biologic filter with the appropriate bacteria?
Weeks or months
What determines cage space requirements for nonhuman primates as outlined in the Animal Welfare Regulations?
Weight group of the nonhuman primates
Match type and name of the Instrument Retractor
Weitlaner
List 5 or more concerns that should be addressed in an SOP on sample of collection for PCR.
What tissue sample to collect, how much tissue to collect, anesthesia or analgesia for the animal, preventing contamination of sample DNA, sample labeling procedure, sample store conditions
When is the pathogenic microorganism, Mycoplasma pulmonis, more likely to cause disease?
When air levels of ammonia are high
When is it safe to remove the endotracheal tube?
When the pilot balloon has collapsed
What is the name of the policy that an institution has in place to protect individuals who report animal welfare concerns?
Whistleblower policy
When invading pathogens spread throughout the body, which type of cells mount an inflammatory response to destroy them?
White blood cells
Which animal is covered under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) and Animal Welfare Regulations (AWR)?
Wild Mice
Which of the animals are covered under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) and Animal Welfare Regulations?
Wild mice
How should a scalpel blade be removed from a handle?
With a Kelly hemostat
Fourth step of bird respiration
With the second exhalation, air moves from the anterior air sacs back into the trachea and is expelled.
Third step of bird respiration
With the second inhalation, air moves from the lungs and into the anterior (front) air sacs.
Which item can be used in place of sutures to close a wound?
Wound clips
What statement is TRUE about wound clips?
Wound clips are removed from a healed incision with a clip remover
Common name for the following: Carpal bones
Wrist bones (primates); knee (hooved species)
Female chromosomes pair is
X & X
Male chromosomes pair is
X & Y
Which agent is an injectable local anesthetic?
Xylocaine
Which species is the most common aquatic vertebrate in biomedical research?
Zebrafish
Dose
a dose is the amount of drug administered at one time
is a lactating female that rears the young in place of the biological mother
a foster mother
Hypodermis is
a layer of connective tissue and fat that loosely binds the skin to underlying tissue
Sterility
a state in which there are no living microorganisms present
What is a standard way to dechlorinate water?
add sodium thiosulfate
FCA, FIA, Titer-Max*, and Alhydrogel are examples of
adjuvants
AWA covers?
all Warm-blooded animals, including animals sold as pets or used in exhibitions.
How can suture material be classified? By material By absorbability By filament type All of the above
all of the above
How does arterial catheterization differ from venous catheterization? It is used more often as a means to directly measure blood pressure. Arteries are more difficult to puncture than veins. It is a more painful procedure. All of the above
all of the above
What do pheromones do? Pheromones attract the opposite sex. Pheromones play a role in animal mating behavior. Pheromones from an unfamiliar male may block pregnancy in a newly mated female. All of the above
all of the above
What do the hormones produced in the adrenal gland regulate? Protein and carbohydrate metabolism Electrolyte balance and stress adaptation Fight or flight responses All of the above
all of the above
What do the hormones produced in the adrenal gland regulate? a. Protein and carbohydrate metabolism b. Electrolyte balance and stress adaptation c. Fight or flight responses d. All of the above
all of the above
What is a metabolism cage used for? Measure food and water intake Measure feces and urine output Measure oxygen and carbon dioxide All of the above
all of the above
What is the function of the endocrine system? Produce hormones Regulate body functions Regulate metabolic functions All of the above
all of the above
What is the function of the endocrine system? a. Produce hormones b. Regulate body functions c. Regulate metabolic functions d. All of the above
all of the above
What procedure will make the vessel more visible for an IV injection? Shaving the site Applying an antiseptic Apply light pressure proximal to the injection site All of the above
all of the above
Which of the following should be used to help protect immunocompromised animals? Positive pressure rooms Personal protective equipment (PPE) Cage change cabinets All of the above
all of the above
Different versions of the same gene are called
alleles
If the gene of interest is present in the tissue sample, multiple copies of the gene will be generated hundreds of thousands of times in a process known as
amplification
When an animal has an allergy, its immune system recognizes the allergen as a(n):
antigen
Which substance will destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms and can be used on living tissue?
antiseptic
Animal facility technician should use _____________________ and _________________________ when handling animal wastes contain hazardous materials.
appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE); engineering controls such (such as BSCs)
Iodophors
are compounds containing iodine
entails manually placing semen into the reproductive tract of a female in heat.
artificial insemination
What change occurs in mice when hybridomas injected into the abdominal cavity secrete antibodies and fluid accumulates?
ascites
Slightly withdrawing the plunger of a syringe after placement of the needle is called
aspiration
How often does the Guide specify that the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) review the entire animal care and use program including an inspection?
at least once per year
Lateral
away from the median plane
What are the first two cervical vertebrae called?
axis and atlas
Pyrogen tests are applied to medical products that are injected in order to detect the presence of _______ .
bacterial toxins
Which blood cells are rarely found in the blood of healthy animals but are numerous in association with inflammatory reactions?
basophils
Examples of _________ phenotypes include aggressive or timid behavior and excessive fear responses.
behavioral
The Morris water maze is a test for
behavioral phenotype
What is checked by the color of a mouse's footpad during anesthesia?
blood perfusion
Ligaments attach:
bone to bone.
a ________ scheme refers to the plan for producing a colony with a desired genetic makeup.
breeding
Route of administration PO
by mount, orally
An animal that transmits an infectious disease without ever showing signs of the disease is a
carrier
Graduations on a syringe are usually marked with which unit of measurement?
cc
This method uses a combination of timed pregnancies, sterile surgical cesarean section delivery of the pups, and fostering methods.
cesarean rederivation
An animal that has some cells containing the new gene and some without the new gene
chimera
Occasionally a spontaneous mutation occurs in an inbred strain. The animal with the mutation differs from other animals of that strain, usually by a single mutant gene, and is called a?
coisogenic animal
are ideal for studying the effects of one gene when all the other genes remain identical?
coisogenic animals
What provides strength to the connective tissue found in tendons and ligaments?
collagen
Nerve tissue
conducts nerve impulses throughout the body
Can be constructed by selectively mating an animal carrying the mutation of interest to an inbred animal from a strain choice.
congenic strains
hypodermic needle
consists of a hub or connector for attachment to the syringe, a hollow shaft of various lengths and diameters, and a beveled point for penetrating skin.
If a surgical instrument has been touched by something nonsterile, what is considered?
contaminated
What supplies O2 and other nutrients to the heart itself?
coronary arteries
A 9-kg bag of feed costs $34. What is the formula for calculating the feed cost per unit of weight?
cost / weight
Which is an example of a record that animal facilities are required to keep up-to-date? a. Animal census records b. Records of proper housekeeping c. Employee training records d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following facts is true about recordkeeping? a. Proper documentation of animal care and use programs should be the responsibility of all animal facility employees. b. Good recordkeeping is necessary for good research results. c. Environmental enrichment logs are one example of facility records. d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following is a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) requirement? a. New animals must be quarantined and their health status evaluated prior to use. b. Animals must be identified accurately. c. The contaminant levels of food and water should be analyzed periodically and documented. d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What is the gauge of the needle?
diameter
What is the product homologous recombination?
embryonic stem cells
What is the product of homologous recombination?
embryonic stem cells
B virus is _______ in macaques.
enzootic
Parasite infection will cause an increase in the numbers of what cell type?
eosinophil
During _______, the female is at maximum receptivity to copulation, and ovulation occurs.
estrus
Which movement is described by bending or folding (decreasing the angle)?
flexion
Striated muscle
found in skeletal muscles and the heart, have dark bands that give them a striped look.
Fibrous connective tissue
found in tendons and ligaments
Frequency QID
four times a day
Asepsis
free of pathogenic microorganisms
What is the structure in which neurons extending from the brain and neurons extending to the tissue are connected?
ganglia
The administration of a solution directly into the stomach by intubation is called
gastric gavage
The albino mouse (white) coat color and pink eyes on mouse chromosome. When mice inherit this allele for white fur, they will always have pink eyes.
gene linkage
embryo rederivation
generally involves taking fertilized eggs or embryos from the animals that have pathogens and then surgically implantation them for gestation into
What are all the genes in an organism collectively called?
genome
The genetic makeup of an organism with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits is called its
genotype
________ form a monogamous pair for life, and neither member of the pair will accept another mate.
gerbils
The most desirable chimera is one which the new gene has been incorporated in the germ cells (egg and sperm).
germline transmission
is the time from when an egg is fertilized to birth also called parturition.
gestation period
Which hormone raises the blood glucose level?
glucagon
In general, __________ exposure to an inhalant agent is the most humane method of euthanizing animals.
gradual
when picking up a pregnant ______________, provide extra support to the hindquarters
guinea pig
demands the largest cage size, since cage size requirements are based on the number of animals, including pups.
harem mating
If the alleles differ, the animal is
heterozygous
What does HEPA mean?
high-efficiency particulate air
Loose connective tissue
holds organs in place in relation to other body structures
If both alleles are the same, the animal is
homozygous
selective system in which the parents come from different inbreed strains
hybrid
are designated with shorthand combination of the the two parental strains, noting the female parent first.
hybrid status
A combination of a cancer cell and an antibody-producing cell is called a(n) __________________. When injected into an animal's peritoneal cavity, these cells will generate antibody-containing fluid called _______________________.
hybridoma; ascites
Which instrument measures humidity?
hygrometer
Label the diagram of the major organs of the rat below O is__________________________________
ileum
Specialized connective tissue
includes bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, and blood
List 3 things that a well-maintained recordkeeping system can track?
individual animals ancestors siblings descendants
Name an advantage for a Closed tank systems
inexpensive & easy maintenance
keeping the male continuously with the females, is referred to as what?
intensive breeding
Route of administration ID
intradermal
Route of administration IM
intramuscular
If an animal is homozygous null for a pair of genes, which term describes the animal's genetic modification?
knockout
Bone and cartilage are?
living tissues that are capable of growth
Which is NOT a section of the vertebral column of a fish?
lumbar vertebrae
Which system is the filter mechanism of the body?
lymphatic
in the final two stages, _______ & ________, the female ignores the male
metestrus, diestrus
animals that have only one cycle per year are
monoestrous
Abduction
moving a bone away from the midline of the body
adduction
moving toward the midline of the body
Gauge is referred to as
needle diameter
Opening a door in a __________________ room causes the air in the hallway to flow into the room, which helps keep contaminants from leaving the room.
negative pressure
Animal Pain Category "C"
no pain, distress, or requirement for the use of pain-relieving drugs
The benefit of postpartum estrus is lost
non-intensive breeding
_____________ breeding is when the stud male and females are housed separately while the females are rearing their young.
non-intensive breeding
For which animals is a dedicated operating room required for major survival surgery?
non-rodent mammals
What is a gene referred to that is absent or turned off due to a mutation that blocks the gene's expression?
null
Frequency SID or QD
once daily
breeding animals that are unrelated or only distantly related is called
outbreeding
Match the term with the definition Measure of acidity or akalinity
pH
What organ is both exocrine and endocrine?
pancreas
is the birth of the young at the natural end of gestation.
parturition
A newborn's temporary immunity is known as __________ immunity
passive
Serological testing
performed on recipient females to verify their health status when the pups are weaned and before being used in a study.
An entire surgical period including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative, is called the _______________ period.
perioperative
How are genes express traits is called?
phenotype
The ___________ is the observable results of the genes and how they interact with the environment.
phenotype
Examples of ____________ phenotypes include the capability to mount an immune response or to secrete varying levels of enzymes in tissue.
physiological
The outer boundary of the cell is called the ?
plasma membrane
The outer boundary of the cell is called the _______.
plasma membrane
Birds have two types of bones: medullary and ______
pneumatic
those with repeated cycles throughout the year are
polyestrous or seasonally polyestrous
females are removed from the matting cage once they are determined to be pregnant
polygamous mating
The most common molecular biology technique used to determine the genotype is called
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
When a door is opened, air flows from the room to adjoining areas, which help keep contaminants from entering the room.
positive pressure
Before a new drug is tested on human subjects, the drug is tested on animals in a phase that is called __________ testing.
preclinical
Biocontainment
preventing pathogens from leaving the room to protect people and animals elsewhere in the facility
Bioexclusion
preventing the entry of microorganisms and thus protecting the animals
In a GLP study, what kinds of procedures should be described in an SOP?
procedures that are performed routinely
during ______ , eggs (ova) develop in the follicles of the ovary, but a female cannot become pregnant during this stage.
proestrus
left ventricle
pumps blood to all organ systems of the body
Class B dealers
purchase and resell animals including random-source dogs and cats
In which species is the Draize test most commonly used?
rabbits
Class A dealers
raise and sell animals themselves also known as purpose bred
The observation, measurements and specimens related to a study are called the _______________________
raw data
A surgical procedure to remove embryos from potentially infected dams and implant them in uninfected surrogate mothers is known as
rederivation
A cost recovery percentage is a ratio of _____ to _______
revenue; expenses
What are the components of the ruminant stomach?
rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
Enforced of the PHS Policy is based on the concenpt of:
self-regulation
Proper handling of a tube of blood does NOT include:
shaking
The larger the gauge number of the needle, the __________ the diameter
smaller
Animal Pain Category "D"
some pain and/or distress and the use of pain-relieving or tranquilizing drugs
Gauze pads, referred to as _________________________, are used to soak up blood and other fluids from the surgical site.
sponges
The _________ is the person responsible for all aspects of a study
study director
The production of an increased number of eggs that mature and are released from the ovaries simultaneously.
superovulation
Animals that are expected to recover from anesthesia are undergoing ______________ surgery.
survival
What is the contraction phase of the heart called?
systole
What are 4 common types of needle type:
tapered; blunt tapered; conventional cutting; reverse cutting; taper cutting
A substance that damages a developing fetus is called a
teratogen
Which statement is FALSE about federal protection of animals used for research, testing, or teaching?
the AWR/R covers cattle used in agricultural studies
Every 6 months the IACUC must create a report summarizing the findings of the semiannual program review and submit it to ______.
the Institutional Official
Frequency TID
three times a day
A _____________ mating system is used to provide embryos or new born rodents at a precise date needed for studies.
timed
Proximal
towards
Frequency BID
twice a day
a ideal foster mother
will have had two or three successfully weaned litters
What is the name of a cell produced at fertilization by the union of sperm and egg?
zygote
The Animal Welfare Regulations require that protocols for United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Covered species may only be approved for how long?
1 year
According to the USDA, satellite facilities are areas of containment outside of a core facility, or other centrally designated or managed area in which animals are housed for more than______
24
How many years does a typical grant provide money for funding of a research project?
3-5 years
Provides peer evaluation of animal care and use programs
AAAALAC International
Which organization uses the Guide as one of its standards for the accreditation of laboratory animals programs?
AAALAC International
What 3 entities require that the IACUC ensure the institution and its personnel comply with all relevant mandates for animal welfare, thus enforcing self regulations?
AAALAC International USDA OLAW
Inspections are annual
AWA/AWRs
Minimum of 3 members on the IACUC
AWA/AWRs
Describes what a facility must do to comply with the AWA
AWR
Which feature is required to be provided for dogs by the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)?
An exercise program
What document is signed by the Institutional Official and is filed with OLAW to commit the institution to compliance with the PHS Policy?
Animal Welfare Assurance
What is the agreement made by a research institution that outlines how it complies with the PHS Policy?
Animal Welfare Assurance
Which mandate states that protocols for USDA-covered species may only be approved for 1 year?
Animal Welfare Regulations (AWR)
Which of the following is NOT required by the PHS Policy?
Annual Inspection of animal facilities
What information does an institution provide to AAALAC International to describe its animal research programs and facilities?
Annual report describing change in the care and use program.
Suspending an animal care and use protocol requires the notification of the following agencies EXCEPT:
DEA
According to the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals, what step must be taken before the disposal of an animals carcas?
Death must be confirmed
Who makes the decision of how to handle any serious deficiencies found during post-approval monitoring?
IACUC
Which of the entity reviews animal use protocols to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and institutional policies on animal welfare?
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)
Which of the following reviews the animal use protocols of research projects to ensure compliance with all relevant federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and institutional policies on Animal welfare?
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)
Who can restrict or withdraw approval of the Animal Welfare Assurance f an institution does not fulfill its responsibilities?
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)
Who must approve an animal use protocol before a study that involves animals can begin?
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)
In the animal research facility, the primary program management and oversight responsibility falls to the _____________ who provides leadership to program personnel.
Institutional Official (IO)
Which animals are NOT required by law to be accompanied by a health certificate when being shipped domestically?
Laboratory mice
Per the Animal Welfare Regulations, how long is a protocol using USDA-covered species approved for?
One year
Covers all vertebrate animals
PHS Policy
Enforced by OLAW
PHS Policy
Inspections are for cause
PHS Policy
Minimum of 5 members on the IACUC
PHS Policy
When Applying for AAALAC accreditation, the institution submits a detailed document outlining the animal care program called a ________________.
Program description.
The _________ audits studies to ensure compliance GLPs.
Quality assurance unit
What specific state regulations must be met regarding the sale and shipment of dogs?
Rabies and vaccination requirements
List 3 activities that are performed during post-approval monitoring.
Review Animal health records Inspect Animal use areas Observer Animals on a study
What procedures may be recorded on herd health records for agricultural laboratory animals?
Routine husbandry and preventative medical procedures such as vaccinations
The institutional official is the person designated by an institution to do which of the following?
Takes responsibility for making sure the organization complies with the AWA
Car Linnaeus developed a system to classify organisms based on their anatomical traits called?
Taxonomy
Who may conduct an unannounced inspection of registered institutions?
Veterinary medical Officers
The ________________ is a detailed description of a procedure to be performed. These help to ensure standardization of procedures
standard operating procedure (or SOP)