Leadership and Theories ch 13-15
Identify examples of ways of giving feedback for leaders. (Check all that apply.)
"I admire the initiative and resourcefulness you displayed in solving our scheduling problem." "This area of work seems to be difficult for you. What can I do to help you master it better?"
Which of the following is an example of a way for leaders to give feedback?
"I had difficulty in hearing you in the meeting because you were speaking very softly."
A follower has both substantial training and experience in a required task. According to Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership model, which of the following leadership behaviors should the leader exhibit in this scenario?
A low level of task and a low level of relationship behaviors
To understand whether performance is acceptable, individuals should seek feedback from which of the following?
A variety of sources using a variety of criteria
Which type of organization is most likely to have a high degree of formalization?
An auto manufacturer
Which societal cluster ranks high on the participative dimension and also high on the humane-oriented dimension?
Anglo
Which of the following is the first step taken by leaders in implementing a series of developmental interventions to help boost follower readiness levels?
Assessing a follower's current level of readiness
Which type of feedback is most helpful for a subordinate?
Both positive and negative
All of the following except which are part of the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness?
Buy-out
The Competing Values Framework refers to which of these cultures as an extended family?
Clan culture
Which of the following dimensions of societal culture used in the GLOBE study refers to the degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations, families, or similar small groups?
Collectivism
Identify the components leaders using the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness should always start with before moving to other parts of the model when building a high-performing team. (Check all that apply.)
Context Mission Talent
Which component of the Rocket Model is most easily observed?
Courage
Which of the following most likely allows leaders to free themselves of time-consuming chores, give followers developmental opportunities, and increase the number of tasks accomplished by the work group, team, or committee?
Delegation
Which of the following is not a reason why delegation is important?
Delegation reduces responsibility.
Identify the common reasons for avoiding delegation.
Delegation takes too much time. Delegation is risky. The job will not be done well.
To enhance the overall effectiveness of the organization, leaders should do all of the following except which?
Develop special relationships with a limited number of high potential followers.
According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE), which of the following attributes or behaviors are viewed universally across cultures as contributing to leadership effectiveness? (Check all that apply.)
Effective bargainer Administratively skilled Confidence builder
According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE), which of the following are leader attributes or behaviors universally viewed as negative? (Check all that apply.)
Egocentric Dictatorial Irritable
What is the first step of informal coaching?
Establishing a relationship built on mutual trust and respect with a follower.
True or false: According to the Competing Values Framework it is possible for an organization to simultaneously be both extremely flexible and extremely stable.
False
True or false: Leadership is usually independent of the aspects of the formal organization.
False
True or false: Teams with low power have considerable decision-making authority and the equipment, time, facilities, and funds necessary to accomplish their goals.
False
True or false: When giving feedback, it is best to cover as much as possible at a single point in time.
False
Which type of feedback are followers unlikely to believe?
Feedback that is designed to embarrass them
Which model suggests that leader effectiveness is primarily determined by selecting the right kind of leader for a certain situation or changing the situation to fit the particular leader's style?
Fiedler's contingency model of leadership
Which of the following is the earliest and most well-known contingency theory?
Fiedler's contingency model of leadership
Which of the following is not true of delegation?
Followers are always happier when their leaders frequently delegate tasks.
According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE), which of the following are specific attributes or behaviors that are viewed universally across cultures as contributing to leadership effectiveness? (Check all that apply.)
Foresighted Communicative Trustworthy
The most comprehensive study of leadership and culture ever attempted involving more than 17,000 managers in 62 countries is called
GLOBE.
Which of the following is not one of the key factors identified by Schein to describe organizational culture?
Games and role play
In which part of the GAPS Analysis do you assess where you want to go?
Goals
Which part of the GAPS analysis do career strategies fall under?
Goals
Which of the following is true?
Goals should be attainable and also challenging.
Which of the following is not an example of helpful feedback on a draft of a term paper?
Good start, but needs work in a few areas.
Which of the following is not likely to promote the achievement of goals?
Having a reputation of being inept or curt
An organization with which type of culture tends to have formalized rules and procedures, and is a highly structured place to work?
Hierarchy culture
Who is primarily motivated by relationships?
High-LPC managers
______ complexity refers to the number of boxes at any given level of an organizational chart.
Horizontal
______ leadership reflects supportive and considerate leadership as well as compassion and generosity?
Humane-oriented
It is easiest to determine whether which of the following goals has been achieved.
I will lose 10 pounds by March.
Which type of goal is most likely to lead to higher levels of effort and performance?
I will maintain a B average next year.
Which of the following is not one of the six dimensions identified by GLOBE to assess culturally endorsed implicit theories of leadership?
Individual-oriented leadership
Which of the following is not one of the three general requirements for successful interventions at the team level?
Interventions should involve subjective data whenever possible.
Feedback should be all of the following except which?
Involve inferences about behavior
According to a survey of executives in the 500 largest corporations in the world, which of the following are the features of Malaysian leadership culture in comparison with German leadership culture? (Check all that apply.)
It inhibits assertive, confrontational behavior and emphasizes maintaining harmony. Effective leaders are expected to demonstrate compassion while showing more of an autocratic than participatory leadership style.
Which of the following is not true of the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness?
It is atypical.
Which of the following is not true of the role of leaders in an organization's culture?
It is generally more difficult to change a culture in a new organization than in an older organization.
Which of the following is not a way that delegation helps to strengthen an organization?
It stifles innovation.
Which of the following best describes how long it takes to change organizational culture in a large organization?
It usually takes many years
The jargon used in an organization refers to which of Schein's organizational culture factors?
Language
In the context of leadership, which of the following is part of the third step in the coaching process?
Leaders and coachees either jointly build a plan or have the coachees individually build a plan for the leaders to review.
Which of the following is true?
Leaders should work to optimize over time the growth of all employees by matching opportunities to subordinates' skills and needs.
In the context of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, identify the true statements about the subelements of situation favorability.
Leaders who rate leader-member relations as high feel they have the support of their followers and can rely on their loyalty. Determining task structure involves assessing whether there are detailed descriptions of work products.
According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE), which of the following leader attributes or behaviors are universally viewed as negative? (Check all that apply.)
Loner Asocial Noncooperative
In which type of culture is there likely to be high interest in interactions with external constituencies like customers and suppliers?
Market culture
Which of the these cultures is results-oriented and competitive?
Market cultures
According to the LMX theory, during which time period is leader-member exchange high?
Maturity
Which societal cluster ranks low on both the charismatic/valued-based leadership dimension and the team-oriented leadership dimension?
Middle East
Which of the following concerns members' subjective reactions to the organization?
Organizational climate
Identify the disciplines that the study of the formal establishment is most associated with. (Check all that apply.)
Organizational theory Management Organizational behavior
Which type of leaders share work problems with followers and weigh the input of followers when making decisions?
Participative leadership
Which theory would best provide perspective on the question 'if I study for 12 hours, what is the probability that I'll get an A on the exam?'
Path-goal theory
Which of the following is best when giving feedback?
Providing both positive and negative feedback
Which of the following is not a reason to be flexible when giving feedback?
Providing feedback right away could allow everyone to forget about the behavior and just move on.
_____ should focus on the problem component of the Rocket Model because they limit the potential of their teams by rarely teaching them how to win.
Public- and private-sector leaders
According to a survey of executives in the 500 largest corporations in the world, which of the following are features of German leadership culture in comparison with Malaysian leadership culture? (Check all that apply.)
Relationships between people are straightforward and stern. It does not value compassion.
Which of the following statements regarding leading across societal cultures is not true?
Research findings in Western cultures have been found to translate well to developing cultures.
Which component of the Rocket Model concerns the decision-making latitude and resources the team has to accomplish its goals?
Resources
An organization's retirement ceremonies are an example of which of Schein's organizational culture factors?
Rituals
Which theory clarifies how situational demands and constraints could cause role conflict and role ambiguity?
Role theory
Which of the following is the most important intervention for leaders trying to create a learning environment?
Role-modeling development
In which phase of leader-member exchange does the leader offer opportunities and evaluate the follower's performance and potential?
Role-taking
The contingency model's task structure and position power are concerned with which part of the interactional framework?
Situation
The question 'what is the task to be accomplished' is concerned with which part of the interactional framework?
Situation
culture refers to those learned behaviors characterizing the total way of life of members within any given society.
Societal
Which societies have a slower pace of life?
Societies higher on collectivism
Which type of society emphasizes visionary leadership that is capable of seeing patterns in the face of chaos and uncertainty?
Societies higher on future orientation
Of the following, which is the best time to give feedback?
Soon after the behavior occurs.
Which of the following refers to geographic dispersion in an organization?
Spatial complexity
In the context of an organization, which of the following are the characteristics of good feedback? (Check all that apply.)
Specific Direct Descriptive
Which of the following is true of power and authority relationships in the United States?
Success should come through hard work and talent.
Expressing genuine concern for the well-being of followers and remaining open and approachable to followers are examples of which type of leadership?
Supportive leadership
A manager determining how many people are needed to staff the store and which roles each will play is concerned with which part of the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness?
Talent
According to the Leader-Follower-Situation Model, which of the following is not a perspective from which to view the situation?
Talent
Which of the following is not an example of a relationship behavior?
Telling people who should complete a task
Which contingency model generates the most research?
The LMX theory
Which model is concerned with how the leader's behavior can be changed to improve interactions with different followers?
The Situational Leadership model
Which model is the most validated of all leadership theories?
The contingency model
How often should a leader review th performance of a subordinate after delegating a task?
The leader should have periodic reviews of performance.
How often should a leader review the performance of a subordinate after delegating a task?
The leader should have periodic reviews of performance.
In-group and out-group interactions are the focus of which theory?
The leader-member exchange model
Which theory argues that leaders do not treat all followers as if they were a uniform group of equals?
The leader-member exchange model
Which of the following distinguishes between microvariables and macrovariables in the situation?
The multiple-influence model
When a task is delegated, who should receive credit for a task well done?
The subordinate
What are the situational factors considered by the path-goal theory of leadership that impact or moderate the effects of leader behavior on follower attitudes and behaviors? (Check all that apply.)
The task The formal authority system The primary work group
In terms of team effectiveness, context refers to all of the following except:
These are all part of context.
Which of the following is not true of low-LPC leaders?
They are satisfied primarily by establishing and maintaining close interpersonal relationships.
According to Kaplan and Norton, which of the following are the operating assumptions about information age companies that contrasted them with their predecessors in the industrial age? (Check all that apply.)
They conduct operations with integrated business processes that cut across traditional business functions. They compete against the best companies across the world.
According to Kaplan and Norton, which of the following are the operating assumptions about industrial age organizations? (Check all that apply.)
They prospered by offering low-cost but standardized services and products. They developed competitive advantage through specialization of functional skills in areas like manufacturing and distribution. They worked with suppliers and customers via arm's-length transactions.
In the context of leadership, identify the guidelines for individuals giving feedback to be helpful.
They should give feedback only about behaviors actually under the other person's control. They should avoid being emotional. They should be clear.
In the context of the level of authority of leaders in an organization, which of the following is true about first-line supervisors, lower-level leaders, and coaches?
They spend a considerable amount of time training followers, resolving work unit or team performance problems, and implementing policies.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of good coaches?
They take a hands-off approach and let followers find their own way.
In the context of leadership, what is the primary purpose of feedback?
To provide others with information they can use to change their behavior
True or false: An organization with a hierarchy culture emphasizes stability and control, and also focuses its attention inward.
True
True or false: Compared to when either feedback or goals are used alone, performance is higher when goals are accompanied with feedback.
True
True or false: Despite its apparent benefits. leaders may still perceive delegation as a risky career move.
True
Change impacts virtually every organization everywhere, and everyone in them. An acronym has been given to this new state of affairs: _____.
VUCA
When is feedback most helpful?
When it is specific and points out behaviors to change.
Capitalizing on a coachable moment should take
about two minutes or less
Most social problems are considered to be _____ problems.
adaptive
Organizations that emphasize having a high degree of flexibility and discretion, and focus primarily on the environment outside the organization are primarily described as ______ cultures.
adhocracy
The culture that is most responsive to today's turbulent and rapidly changing environment is the ______ culture.
adhocracy
Delegating tasks provides opportunities for subordinates to gain experience in ________.
all of above
Effective delegation includes all of the following except
allocating blame where it is deserve.
Task refers to the degree to which a job provides an individual with some control over what he does and how he does it.
autonomy
All of the following are important to setting goals except goals should be _____.
based on bottom-to-top commitment
Highly effective facilitators leading interventions should
be able to do all of these.
When delegating an assignment, leaders should
be careful to avoid overestimating their own clarity.
As part of the third step in the coaching process, leaders must _____.
build a coaching plan that outlines the actions they will take to support their coachees' development
To acquire bench-strength, employers can
buy or build talent.
A team that is seemingly in agreement on goals and rules, but then proceeds to do something different after the meeting lacks _______.
buy-in
The degree of diffusion of decision making throughout an organization refers to the level of
centralization
The ability to inspire, motivate, and expect high performance from others on the basis of firmly held core values refers to _________ leadership.
charismatic/value-based
Organizations that emphasize having a high degree of flexibility and discretion and that also primarily focus inward have a culture.
clan
A survey of the 500 largest corporations in the world found ________ to be the most important contributor to business success.
competent global leaders
Norms that are most important to the effective functioning of teams include all of the following except those involving
confidentiality
A system of shared backgrounds, norms, values, or beliefs among members of a group refers to organizational
culture
In American organizations _______.
decision making authority is delegated to individual managers.
Delegation affects the organization in all of the following ways except
delegation shows that subordinates can be manipulated.
An organization that is highly decentralized ______.
disperses decision making to the lowest levels in the organization
Ensuring alignment between career and development objectives, getting feedback from multiple sources on a regular basis, and reflecting with a partner are all ways a coach _____.
encourages a coachee to focus on his/her development
The Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness is predicated on the belief that leaders need to _____.
ensure everyone has the same understanding of team context, goals, roles, rules, and other details
Feedback designed to embarrass or demean an individual is appropriate in some cases.
false
True or false: According to Fiedler's studies, leaders will behave according to their secondary motivational state only when faced with unfavorable situations.
false
True or false: Credibility has little impact on a leader's ability to build strong partnerships with followers.
false
True or false: Follower readiness is an assessment of an individual's personality, traits, values, and so forth.
false
True or false: The LMX model is particularly valuable because it identifies the specific behaviors that lead to high quality relationships between leaders and followers.
false
Feedback that comes from what is intrinsic to the work activity itself rather than from the supervisor refers to task ______.
feedback
The norms, cohesiveness, size, and stage of development of groups are part of the _____ function in the L-F-S model, but are part of the _____ function in path-goal theory.
follower, situation
The degree of standardization in an organization refers to its
formalization
When delegating tasks, leaders should
give all the public credit to subordinates when the task is successful.
If a particular follower has low task readiness, Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership model maintains that the leader should use a _____ when initially dealing with this follower.
high level of task and a low level of relationship behaviors
An individual with ____ would have discretion in scheduling work and how to accomplish it.
high task autonomy
The ________ leadership theory holds that individuals have implicit beliefs and assumptions about attributes and behaviors that distinguish leaders from followers, effective leaders from ineffective leaders, and moral from immoral leaders.
implicit
Which of the following could be classified as a challenging but achievable goal for most runners?
improve running times steadily
Good team goals are all of the following except
in general
To delegate a task effectively in an organizational setting, leaders should _____.
indicate what is to be accomplished
To delegate a task effectively in an organizational setting, leaders should refrain from _____.
indicating how the task is to be accomplished
Football, soccer, and hockey are all examples of tasks that have high levels of task _______.
interdependence
The extent to which relationships between the leader and followers are generally cooperative and friendly or antagonistic and difficult is concerned with _____.
leader-member relations
In the context of the changes affecting leadership in an organization, Ronald Heifetz argues that a new mode of leadership is needed because _____.
leaders are in a permanent state of crisis
Delegation allows subordinates to get the best training experience because it involves ______.
learning by doing
What is the first step in effective delegation?
learning by doing
To determine a leader's general style or tendency, Fiedler developed an instrument called the preferred coworker scale.
least
Setting a common direction for the team involves which of the following components of the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness?
mission
Path-goal theory has received _________ research support.
mixed
The theory that distinguishes between situational variables like task characteristics and macrovariables like the external environment is the Blank______ model.
multiple-influence
The rules that govern how teams make decisions, conduct meetings, get work done, hold team members accountable for results, and share information refer to the component of the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness.
norms
Feelings about co-workers or company policies or other nontask perceptions of work are mainly concerned with
organizational climate
A norm-referenced appraisal compared behavior with
others' measured performance.
The theory that deals with expectancy is
path-goal theory
In a learning environment
personal development is an ongoing process.
After delegating a task, the leader should
provide the subordinates with some autonomy, but still monitor performance regularly
Team leaders can build buy-in doing all of the following except
providing the necessary talent.
A follower's ability and willingness to accomplish a particular task refers to follower
readiness
How much a leader engages in two-way communication refers to behavior.
relationship
Which component of the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness describes what the team actually accomplished?
results
According to theory, a leader's behavior depends on a leader's perceptions of several critical aspects of the situation.
role
According to the LMX theory, during the _____ stage, similarities and differences become cemented.
routinization
When boosting follower readiness, a leader should
select the readiness level one above the follower's current readiness level.
The difference between task level, organization level, and the environmental level refers to levels.
situational
Fatima, a manager, faces time constraints at work and hence fails to interact with her subordinates. She reviews her own tasks and then delegates some to the subordinates to free up some of her time for creating opportunities to interact with them. This scenario primarily illustrates the concept of _____.
situational engineering
In the context of an organization, leaders can use their knowledge of how a situation affects leadership to proactively change the situation in order to enhance the likelihood of success. This is called
situational engineering
According to the contingency model, the amount of control the leader has over followers refers to _____.
situational favorability
The model addresses the question of whether there is an optimum way for leaders to adjust their behavior with different followers to increase the likelihood of a successful interaction. (Enter one word in each blank.)
situational leadership
The tradition of males holding hands with each other in Thailand reflects _______ culture.
societal
The best time to provide feedback is ______________.
soon after the behavior occurs
The most important step in accomplishing a goal is to
state it right from the beginning.
When providing feedback
stick to the facts as a general rule.
The number of skills of people needed to achieve team results most likely refers to Blank______ in the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness.
talent
Telling people what to do, how to do it, and when to do it are all examples of _____ behavior.
task
The degree to which tasks require coordination and synchronization for work groups or teams to accomplish desired goals refers to interdependence.
task
The extent to which a leader spells out the responsibilities of individual or group refers to _____ behavior.
task
The degree to which a person accomplishing a task receives information about performance from performing the task itself is known as
task feedback
When talking about the rationale for training, which level can end in competition and apathy if issues go unresolved?
team
Problems that experts know how to solve are called _____ problems.
technical
Path-goal theory would suggest that a leader dealing with a newly formed work unit that has a high level of ambiguity should
tell followers what to do and how to do it.
In the context of leadership, the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness is based on the premise that _____.
the best way to build teams is to identify the issues that matter and work on them
When delegating assignments, it is important to be sure that ______.
the subordinate clearly understands the task and what is expected
Organizational goals are most likely to be achieved when
there is commitment from the top and bottom.
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, followers will actively support a leader as long as _____.
they view the leader's actions as a means for increasing their own levels of satisfaction
True or false: According to the path-goal theory of leadership, factors that influence leadership situations can serve as an independent motivational factor, as a constraint on the behavior of followers, or as a reward.
true
True or false: Delegation can increase an organization's overall experience level, capability, and vitality.
true
True or false: In an organizational context, leading in a relatively stable situation presents different challenges, generally simpler ones, than does leading in a dynamic situation.
true
True or false: Level of authority concerns a leader's hierarchical level in an organization.
true
True or false: Members of high-performing teams are generally on the same page about the challenges facing the team.
true
True or false: Organizational culture differs across organizations.
true
True or false: Path-goal theory maintains that leaders should first assess the situation and then choose a leadership behavior appropriate to the situation.
true
True or false: The path-goal theory of leadership assumes that leaders not only may use varying styles with different subordinates but also may use differing styles with the same subordinates in different situations.
true
True or false: The score on the least preferred coworker scale reflects something about the leader, not the specific individual the leader evaluated.
true
When deciding to whom to delegate a task, the leader should
try to optimize the growth of all subordinates over a series of assignments
Change impacts virtually every organization everywhere, and everyone in them. An acronym has been given to this new state of affairs: VUCA. Coined by the Army War College, the term VUCA describes a world that is _____.
volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous
One way leaders can boost courage is to _____.
work with team members to decide the rules for managing team conflict
