Lesson 1.1 Study Questions

According to the lesson, what two factors impact the practices of funeral rites?

- Maintain sacred location - Commemorate the dead

List some intrinsic factors that affect the rate of decomposition

- Pathological Conditions - Circulatory Conditions - Amount of body moisture - distribution of preservative chemicals

List some extrinsic factors that affect the rate of decomposition

-types of preservatives used -strength and volume of chemicals -climate and environment body is exposed too as well as climate and environment of burial chamber

What are the two types of agents that separate compounds into simpler substances during the process of decomposition?

1) autolytic enzymes 2) microbial enzymes

According to the text, what five types of deaths require notification of a medical examiner or coroner?

1. Accidental death 2. Homicidal death 3. Suicidal death 4. Abortions 5. Sudden death

According to the FTC Funeral Rule, what two acts are considered deceptive relative to embalming?

1. Represent that state or local law requires that a deceased person be embalmed, when such is not the case 2. Fail to disclose that embalming is not required by law, except in certain special cases

According to the Federal Trade Commission, what are the three instances in which a funeral home may charge a fee for embalming?

1. State of local law or regulation requires embalming in the particular circumstances, regardless of any funeral choice which the family might make; or 2. prior approval for embalming (expressly so described) form a family member or other authorized person, or (3) the funeral provider is unable to contact a family member or other unauthorized person after exercising due diligence, has no reason to believe the family does not want embalming performed, and obtains subsequent approval for embalming already performed (expressly so described). In seeking approval, the funeral provider must disclose that a fee will be charged if the family selects a funeral which requires embalming, such as a funeral with viewing, and that no fee will be charged if the family selects a service which does not require embalming, such as direct cremation or immediate burial

What are the four classifications of embalming?

1. arterial embalming 2. cavity embalming 3. hypodermic embalming 4. surface embalming

What is the normal volume of blood in the circulatory system?

5-6 quartz

Explain the difference between a medical examiner and coroner

A medical examiner has a medical degree, a coroner does not

Which cases should receive an embalming report?

ALL cases

According to the text, what is the most significant benefit of funeralization and embalming?

Achieved at that moment when the finality of death is fully comprehended by the bereaved person. It is this moment of truth, this awareness of the reality of death that serves as the psychological framework for the validation of embalming

What is the author's position on taking photos of the deceased?

All photographs must be kept in strict confidence and under secure storage, photographs of the deceased remains must never be placed on social media sites or shown in public places to non-funeral professionals outside the educational setting

According to the text, what is the oldest religious custom known to man?

Anthropological study show that the burial of the human body is the oldest of all religious customs, and was practiced as far back as about 60,000 BC by homo sapiens neanderthals

How does one carry out the cavity treatment portion of embalming?

Aspirating cavities then injecting chemicals using a trocar

What two agencies/governing bodies primarily have control over embalming in each state?

Board of health (or bureau of vital statistics) and the state board of embalmers and funeral directors ( or similar governing body) that regulate the funeral homes and the licensing of funeral directors and embalmers

define preservative

Chemicals that inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unusuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive, and that will arrest decomposition by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition

define embalming

Embalming as practiced today, is defined by the American Board of Funeral Service as; "the chemical treatment of the dead human body to reduce the presence of growth or microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore the dead human body to an acceptable physical appearance

According to the text, what are some practical reasons for embalming?

Embalming shows decomposition and thus affords the bereaved the time to make important decisions. It also serves the practical purpose of rendering the body inoffensive and making it presentable for viewing. Embalming also serves a practical need when the body must be transported to another location, offering extended time for transport, and the assurance that the body will remain intact while arrangements are made and during final transportation

According to the author, what is the best way to overcome feelings of death denial about a specific person?

Honest confirmation of the reality of death requires the mourners to see the deceased or a symbol of the deceased. Viewing a dead human body is the best way for the bereaved to overcome any death denial feelings

What is the standard ethical principle regarding funeral service?

That supreme ethic for the funeral service profession has come to be known as reverence for the dead

What are some analogies that the author uses to describe the embalming process as making the body presentable?

When a person prepares for a social event by bathing and combing their hair

Which classification of embalming utilizes the body's vascular system?

arterial (vascular) embalming

Hypovalve Trocar

designed for hypodermic treatments. Used for injection & treatment of walls & cavities of AUTOPSIED remains. Hypodermic embalming - injection from machine. has button on it.

Which is more likely to resist the attraction of water: embalmed tissue or unembalmed tissue?

embalmed tissue

When preserving the dead human body, does the process prevent or inhibit decomposition?

it PREVENTS decomposition

Generally speaking, are surface and hypodermic embalming used for localized or generalized embalming?

localized embalming

When is cavity treatment performed relative to arterial injection?

performed AFTER arterial injection

What does the author believe about the following phrase "I would rather remember them alive" when said by a grieving person?

that it is a form of death denial

From where do autolytic enzymes originate?

the body cells (are our own body proteins)

preservation

the science of treating the dead human body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition

With what type of compounds in the body do embalming preservatives and germicides interact? Carbohydrates, proteins, or fats (lipids)?

with proteins

General summary of embalming process?

}Remove clothing from the body }Examine/document valuables }Topically disinfect body }Position the body }Wash the body surfaces }Shave facial hair (get permission if unsure) }Close mouth ("set features") }Close eyes }Raise vessels for injection/drainage }Complete an embalming report!

Describe, in 60 words or less, the process of embalming an unautopsied adult body.

}Select appropriate chemicals and mix solution }Inject solution into the body (via the embalming machine) }Analyze progress ◦What areas are/aren't getting distribution? ◦Do I need to increase the strength of solution? ◦Is the body properly embalmed? }Remove arterial tubes/drainage device }Aspirate and cavity treatment }Shampoo hair and clean body }Clean prep room

In order to prevent any misrepresenting about embalming, the Federal Trade commission requires a specific embalming disclosure on the General Price List. Type the disclosure below. (Remember, the FTC disclosures cannot be changed or paraphrased.)

In immediate conjunction with the price shown for embalming: Except in special certain cases, embalming is not require by law. Embalming may be necessary, however, if you select certain funeral arrangements, such as a funeral with viewing. If you do not want embalming, you usually have the right to choose an arrangement that does not require you to pay for it, such as direct cremation or immediate burial." The phrase "except in certain special cases" need to be included in this disclosure if state or local laws in the areas where the provider does business, do not require embalming under any circumstances