Life Science Chapter 15 Sensory Systems

Select all structures that are part of the cochlea.

spiral organ basilar membrane tectorial membrane hair cells

Match the letters of the structures of the human eye with their correct names.

A) ciliary body B) lens C) iris D) pupil E) cornea F) aqueous humor in anterior compartment G) suspensory ligament

Match the letter of each labeled component on the human outer and middle ear with its correct name. Instructions

A) pinna B) tympanic membrane C) auditory canal D) stapes E) incus F) malleus G) round window

Match the letters of the structures on the back of the human eye with their correct names. Instructions

A) sclera B) choroid C) retina D) retinal blood vessels E) optic nerve F) fovea centralis G) vitreous humor in posterior compartment

Match the letter of each labeled component on the human inner ear with its correct name.

A) semicircular canals B) oval window C) vestibule D) vestibular nerve E) cochlear nerve F) cochlea G) temporal bone H) auditory tube

Most cutaneous receptors are located

in the dermis.

Select all structures that are components of the human outer ear.

pinna modified sweat glands auditory canal

True or false: Because both the cornea and lens invert the image as it passes through them, the image projected on the retina is right side up.

False

Sensory adaptation

a decrease in sensitivity to a constant level of stimulation

The ability of the eye to focus at close distances by becoming more rounded as the ciliary muscles contract is called visual ______________.

accommodation

The fluid in the ______ compartment of the eye is the aqueous humor while the fluid in the ______ chamber is the vitreous humor.

anterior; posterior

In the human eye, the ______ humor is watery in consistency, the ______ humor is gelatinous.

aqueous; vitreous

Changes in blood pH are detected by sensory receptors called

chemoreceptors

what genetic mutation affects the sight of men more than women?

colorblindness

The type of photoreceptor that is more concentrated in the center of the retina, allows for color vision and responds to bright light is called a _________________ cell.

cone

The photoreceptors that allow fine detail and color of an object are the

cone cells

The transparent portion of the outer eye that allows light to enter the eye is the

cornea

exteroceptors detect

external stimuli

The illustration shows an eye that is shorter than normal, resulting in a focusing of light rays behind the retina. This condition is called

farsightedness

The region of the retina where the cone cells are most densely packed and images are sharpest is called the __________________ centralis.

fovea

The area of the retina where cones are most densely concentrated is the

fovea centralis

An abnormally high buildup of aqueous humor in the eye is called _________________.

glaucoma

An eye disease characterized by increased ocular pressure is:

glaucoma

When drainage ducts of the anterior compartment are blocked and aqueous humor builds up the condition is known as

glaucoma

Mechanoreceptors in the utricle and saccule detect movement of the head in the vertical or horizontal planes. This affects _____ equilibrium.

gravitational

Taking off in an airplane would stimulate _________________ equilibrium.

gravitational

The receptors involved with detecting when the head moves in a vertical or horizontal direction are used for _______________ equilibrium.

gravitational

Where are thermoreceptors located?

hypothalamus and skin

interreceptors detect

internal stimuli

Select all correct descriptions of the image that appears on the retina inside the human eye.

inverted reversed from left to right

The part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil is the

iris

When someone refers to blue eyes, they are specifically referring to the color of the __________________.

iris

what exteroceptors are located in the ear?

mechanoreceptors

Which part of the ear contains structures to increase the amplitude of vibrations from sound waves?

middle ear

The somatic senses are those whose receptors are associated with which areas of the body?

muscles joints skin

umami taste

savory

The outermost layer of the human eye is the

sclera

The three half-circle-shaped canals in the inner ear that function in the maintenance of rotational equilibrium are called ____________ canals.

semicircular

What do nociceptors detect?

stimuli of pain

Select all the inner ear structures that convey impulses to the brain via the vestibular nerve.

utricle semicircular canals saccule

Arrange these parts of the human ear according to the order in which sound waves (or vibrations) pass through them, with the first structure at the top.

1. auditory canal 2. tympanic membrane 3. ossicles 4. oval window 5. cochlea

Place the structures in the correct order that light would pass through them before reaching the retina.

1. cornea 2. aqueous humor 3. lens 4. vitreous humor

Place these structures in the correct order as impulses would travel through them after leaving the eye.

1. optic nerve 2. optic chiasma 3. optic tracts 4. visual cortex

True or false: If you draw a dot on a piece of paper and move it slowly towards you with both eyes open, the dot eventually disappears due to your blind spot.

False

Match each structure of the human eye with its function.

Rod Cells) makes black-and-white vision possible Cone Cells) makes color vision possible Fovea Centralis) makes acute vision possible Lens) refracts and focuses light rays Humors) transmit light rays and support the eye Optic Nerve) transmits impulses to the brain

Match the structure of the human eye with its function.

Sclera) protects and supports the eye Cornea) refracts light rays Pupil) admits light Choroid) absorbs stray light Ciliary Body) holds lens in place, focusing Iris) regulates entry of light into eye Retina) contains sensory receptors for light

The structure that allows for the equalization of pressure between the air in the middle ear and the air outside of the body is the

auditory tube.

A receptor that is stimulated by the binding of a chemical substance is called a ________________.

chemoreceptor

Sensory receptors that are plasma membrane receptors that bind to particular molecules are most likely

chemoreceptors.

The middle coat of the eye that absorbs stray light is called the ____________.

choroid

The clear portion of the anterior portion of the outer layer of the eye is called the ___________________.

cornea

Which type of somatic receptor detects touch and pressure in the skin?

cutaneous receptors

Select the correct descriptions of the choroid layer of the human eye.

has an extensive blood supply absorbs stray light contains a dark pigment

The ciliary muscle of the eye changes the shape of the _______________.

lens

The eye structure that changes shape in order to focus an image on the retina is the

lens

What structure divides the eye into anterior and posterior chambers?

lens

Which structure of the eye has a decreased ability to function with age?

lens

The eyes of a nearsighted person are _______ than normal; therefore light rays tend to focus _________ the retina.

longer; in front of

The ossicles of the middle ear comprise three small bones: the _____________, ______________, and ______________.

malleus, incus, stapes

The receptors that detect stretch of tendons and movements of ligaments are a type of _________ called proprioceptors.

mechanoreceptor

The olfactory cells are located in the

nasal cavity

The illustration shows an eye that is longer than normal, resulting in a focusing of light rays in front of the retina. This condition is called

nearsightedness.

A sensory receptor is often a modified version of what type of cell?

neuron

Chemoreceptors are located in which areas of the human body? Select all that apply.

nose mouth carotid arteries

The sensory receptors for the sense of smell are called _______________ cells.

olfactory

Select all specific examples of chemoreceptors.

olfactory cells taste cells

Individuals with color blindness are missing

one or more types of cones.

The __________________ nerve carries signals from the retina to the visual cortex of the cerebrum.

optic

The area where the optic nerves cross after leaving the eyes is the

optic chiasma

The blind spot is the area of the eye where the ______________ ____________exits the retina.

optic nerve

The nerve that leaves the back of each eye is the

optic nerve

After leaving the optic chiasma, a visual impulse would next travel to the

optic tract

The external flap of the human outer ear is called the

pinna

The mechanoreceptors that detect the stretch of tendons and relaxation of muscles are known as

proprioceptors

The layer of the human eye that contains the rods and cones is called the _______________.

retina

The three layers, or coats, of the human eye are the choroid, the sclera, and the _________________.

retina

Which of the following layers of the human eye contains the photoreceptors?

retina

The white fibrous outer layer of the eyeball is the ______________.

sclera

Select the three layers of the human eye.

sclera choroid retina

The two main areas of the human inner ear that are involved with the sense of equilibrium are the vestibule and the _______________ canals.

semicircular

Receptors for rotational equilibrium are located in the

semicircular canals

Select all structures that are components of the human inner ear.

semicircular canals cochlea vestibule

The perception of a stimulus by the cerebral cortex is known as

sensation.

When the cerebral cortex receives sensory information and consciously perceives it, this is called ________________.

sensation; sensations

The eyes of a farsighted person are _______ than normal; therefore light rays tend to focus _________ the retina.

shorter; behind

Senses whose receptors are in the skin, muscles, joints, or viscera are called _______________ senses.

somatic

Senses whose receptors are in the skin, muscles, joints, or viscera are called ________________ senses.

somatic

The chemoreceptors that are responsible for the sense of taste are located mainly on the tongue in structures called ______________ __________.

taste buds

The chemoreceptors located on the tongue for the detection of taste are found in structures called

taste buds.

Within the cochlea, the hair cells of the spiral organ have stereocilia that are embedded in the

tectorial membrane

Stereocilia are long, stiff, microvilli that are present on the hair cells of

the inner ear

Visual accommodation occurs when

the lens changes shape for close vision.

Glasses are often needed after age 40 because

the lens is less elastic.

Which statement is true when the eye is viewing a close object?

the lens is rounded and thick.

In the illustration, which drawing shows a lens that is focusing on a distant object?

top

From the eye, the optic nerves enter and exit the optic chiasma, and continue as the optic _______________.

tract

Match each ossicle of the middle ear with the correct description of its location.

Incus) attached to the other two bones Malleus) attached to the tympanic membrane Stapes) attached to the oval window

The middle layer of the eye with a dark pigment to absorb stray light is the

choroid

The shape of the lens changes for near or far vision due to the action of the _______________ body.

ciliary

Select the choices that are structures involved with focusing light onto the retina.

ciliary muscle cornea lens

An individual who has a genetic deficiency of one or more type of cone cells has ______________ blindness.

color

The sensory receptor cells for the senses of hearing and balance are called

hair cells

Sound waves first travel down the auditory canal, then to the tympanic membrane, then to the

ossicles

The opening in the front of the eye that is surrounded by the iris and through which light passes is the _______________.

pupil

The opening in the front of the human eye through which light passes is called the

pupil

A sensory _____________ is a cell that detects a specific type of stimulus.

receptor; receptors

Stimulation of pain receptors in an internal organ that is also felt in another area of the body is called ________________ pain.

referred

When a person is having a heart attack, the pain originating in the heart muscle is often felt in the left shoulder and arm. This is called

referred pain.

The light-absorbing pigment found in rods is

rhodopsin

The protein opsin and the molecule retinal combine to form the pigment found in rods called _________________.

rhodopsin

Select all components of rod cells of the retina.

rhodopsin embedded in disks synaptic vesicles inner and outer segments

A sensory receptor that consists of an outer segment joined to an inner segment by a short stalk, with pigment molecules embedded in the membrane of disks that make up the outer segment, is most likely a(n)

rod cell

The structure that allows for the equalization of pressure between the air in the middle ear and the air outside of the body is the auditory _______________.

tube

Select all structures that are components of the human middle ear.

tympanic membrane auditory tube ossicles

The nerve that carries impulses regarding equilibrium to the brain from the inner ear is called the _______________ nerve.

vestibular