lifespan development ch2
Phenotype
The way an individuals genotype is expressed in observable and measurable characteristics
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)
are a cluster of abnormalities and problems that appear in the offspring of mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy
meiosis
cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm, called a zygote
mitosis
cells nucleus duplicates itself
placenta
consists of a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join.
umbilical cord
contains two arteries and one vein, connects the baby to placenta
psychoactive drugs
drugs that act on the nervous system to alter state of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.
teratogen
is any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes.
endoderm cell layer
is embryos inner layer of cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory system
mesoderm cell layer
is embryos middle layer of cells, which will become the circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive system.
ectoderm cell layer
is embryos outermost layer which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors (ears, nose and eyes) and skin parts (hair and nails)
fetal period
lasting about seven months, the prenatal period between two months after conception and birth in typical pregnancies.
embryo
mass of cells at two to eight weeks after conception. Three layers of cells form. The embryos endoderm is the inner layer. Mesoderm is the middle later. Ectoderm is the outermost layer.
organogenesis
organ formation that takes place during the first two months of prenatal development
germinal period
period of prenatal development that take splace in the first two weeks after conception. It includes the creation of the zygote, continued cell division and the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall. Germinal period ends when the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall.
blastocyst
the inner layer of cells that develops during the germinal period. These cells later develop into the embryo
trophoblast
the outer layer of cells that develops in the germinal period. These cells provide nutrition and support for the embryo
embryonic period
the period of prenatal development that occurs two to eight weeks after conception. During the embryonic period, the rate of cell differentiation intensifies, support systems for the cells form, and organs appear.
epigenetic view
the view that states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment