Lifespan final exam "quick quiz questions"

According to the text, what percent of U.S. adults age 85 and older live in nursing homes? a. 14% b. 22% c. 33% d. nearly 50%

a. 14%

In the colonial period in the United States, the median age of the population was ____ years and about ___ of the population reached the age of 65. a. 16; 2% b. 25; 6% c. 25; 20% d. 32; 40%

a. 16; 2%

The text points out an inconsistency between hospice care and hospital care. Which of the following best captures the sense of that inconsistency? a. Hospitals focus on keeping patients alive, whereas hospice is focused on helping a person die. b. In a hospital, decisions about extending life are made by the patient but in hospice care trained professionals make these decisions for the patient. c. Most real care in hospitals is done by nurses but in hospice care the real care is done by physicians. d. Most hospital care is covered by insurance but hospice care is hardly ever covered by insurance.

a. Hospitals focus on keeping patients alive, whereas hospice is focused on helping a person die.

As we age and enter older adulthood, which of the following changes is LEAST likely to occur? a. Our immune function becomes stronger, because we have been exposed to so many diseases that immunities have developed. b. Respiratory infections become more common because aging involves a lower capacity of oxygen intake. c. The reserve capacity of our cardiovascular system becomes smaller. d. Our sense of balance is compromised, so we are more likely to fall and hurt ourselves.

a. Our immune function becomes stronger, because we have been exposed to so many diseases that immunities have developed.

Statistically speaking, in the United States today which of the following individuals is most likely to be poor? a. a Black older woman b. a Black older man c. a White older woman d. a White older man

a. a Black older woman

According to the theory set forth by Kübler-Ross, the stage of adjustment in which the terminal patient has recognized that death will come is called: a. acceptance b. depression c. anticipatory grief d. bereavement overload

a. acceptance

Who are the Gray Panthers? a. an activist group that promotes issues important to older adults b. a political action committee that raises money to support older candidates for public office c. a group of healthcare workers who lobby for healthcare reform for the elderly d. retired workers who volunteer to help new businesses and volunteer agencies improve their operations

a. an activist group that promotes issues important to older adults

Renaldo, who has had several friends die as the result of a natural disaster in the past few days, is now overwhelmed with grief, to the point where he doesn't eat or want to go outside his house. Renaldo's condition is best considered to be an example of: a. bereavement overload b. palliative trauma c. chronic grief d. anticipatory grief

a. bereavement overload

The term most often used to refer to theories suggesting that genetic programming determines the pace and processes of aging are referred to as: a. biological clock theories of aging b. senescence theories of aging c. stochastic theories of aging d. random theories of aging

a. biological clock theories of aging

Which of the following is the final stage in Erikson's theory of the life cycle? a. integrity versus despair b. generativity versus self-absorption c. intimacy versus isolation d. identity versus identity confusion

a. integrity versus despair

When Elisabeth Kübler-Ross began her research on death and dying in the 1960s, she commonly observed all of the following EXCEPT: a. patients were sometimes not told they had a terminal diagnosis b. doctors and nurses seemed to avoid patients who were dying c. doctors and nurses provided better and more attentive care, but only after a terminal diagnosis was certain d. patients were discouraged from talking about their own deaths

a. patients were sometimes not told they had a terminal diagnosis

According to the text, in older adulthood, personality dimensions generally _________ and well-being generally ___________. a. remain consistent; increases b. remain consistent; decreases c. change considerably; increases d. change considerably; decreases

a. remain consistent; increases

According to research cited in the text, when caregivers were asked to comment about the relief they felt following their loved one's death, ____ reported that death was a relief to them and ____ reported that they felt it provided a welcome relief to the person who died. a. the majority; the majority b. the majority; only a small minority c. only a small minority; the majority d. only a small minority; only a small minority

a. the majority; the majority

Brenda has been a watercolor artist all of her adult life. Now in her 60s, she has lost the ability to distinguish fine detail. Her visual problem would best be described as a decline in: a. visual acuity b. binocular disparity c. convergence d. sensory adaptation

a. visual acuity

In general, what has been the effect of high-intensity physical exercise programs for the elderly? a. These programs are linked to a greater incidence of heart attack. b. These programs can help older adults double or even triple their physical strength. c. These programs work well to build strength for people under the age of 75, but are dangerous for those in older age categories. d. Programs of high-intensity exercise have little impact on the elderly.

b. These programs can help older adults double or even triple their physical strength.

John's grandmother says she has "hardening of the arteries." The more technical term for this condition is: a. osteoporosis b. atherosclerosis c. hypertension d. apnea

b. atherosclerosis

Beginning around the time of her 70th birthday, Margaret began to experience increasing problems in learning new things, with her memory, and with her motor coordination. She now is frequently confused, sometimes doesn't recognize people she has known for a long time, and her speech has become less fluent. The condition that would most likely be diagnosed in Margaret's case would be: a. senescence b. dementia c. atherosclerosis d. pathological aging

b. dementia

Jodi is dying from a rare blood disorder, but insists that her doctor has made a mistake in the diagnosis. Jodi's reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross's five stages of dying? a. anger b. denial c. bargaining d. depression

b. denial

In which of these cultures is filial piety the LEAST strong? a. mainstream U.S. culture of 200 years ago b. mainstream U.S. culture today c. Native American culture in the United States today d. Chinese culture today

b. mainstream U.S. culture today

For men who are ages 75-84, the most common marital status is __________; for women in the age range the most common marital status is ___________. a. widowed; widowed b. married; widowed c. widowed; married d. married; married

b. married; widowed

If you were to describe the emotionality of the majority of older adults, the best conclusion to come to would be that, compared to earlier in their lives, their emotionality is ______ complex and their sense of well-being is _________. a. more; lower b. more; greater c. less; lower d. less; greater

b. more; greater

MacDonald's has established a network of "Ronald McDonald" houses near major hospitals so that families of very ill children will have a place to stay while visiting their ill child. This charity is best considered to be an example of: a. hospice care b. palliative care c. bereavement assistance d. grief work

b. palliative care

The text cites recent studies of the brain that indicate that as adults age, their brain actually becomes _________ and the activity of their brain in the prefrontal cortex regions __________. a. smaller; declines b. smaller; increases c. larger; declines d. larger; increases

b. smaller; increases

The text notes that today in the United States, we live in an era of "invisible death." By this, the text means that: a. the rituals surrounding death are very clear and well understood by members of our culture b. we often cope with death by denying its existence in our lives c. most people die while they are unconscious, thus the last moments of life are peaceful d. the terror surrounding death is paralyzing and therefore we seldom see death approaching us

b. we often cope with death by denying its existence in our lives

Generalizing from information presented in the text, in which of the following years would you predict to see the highest proportion of retirements occurring at ages 65 or younger? a. 1955 b. 1970 c. 1988 d. 2009

c. 1988

If you conducted a random survey of older people who were living alone after a spouse had died, and of the people you surveyed 100 were men, you should expect that your survey group included about _____ women. a. 80 b. 120 c. 300 d. 600

c. 300

If you conducted a survey of older adults who live in their own homes, you would expect that about ____ would report that they suffer from sleep problems of one sort or another. a. 10% b. 33% c. 50% d. 85%

c. 50%

If Sara believes that aging is the result of chromosome breakage that occurs each time a cell divides and accumulates until the cell no longer can reproduce itself, her view is most similar to: a. free radical theory b. a stochastic theory of aging c. a biological clock theory of aging d. the theory of senility

c. a biological clock theory of aging

Statistically speaking, which of the following people would be at the highest risk of suicide? a. a married woman b. a married man c. a man who has just become a widower d. a woman who has just become a widow

c. a man who has just become a widower

George is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, so he and his wife consult an attorney to draw up and sign documents giving George's wife the legal authority to make decisions about George's care. Such a document is called: a. living will b. a probated will c. a medical power of attorney d. a right to die document

c. a medical power of attorney

Mr. Jones has suffered a severe stroke that has left him unable to walk, speak, or dress and feed himself. He needs nursing care for several hours a day, but his wife has died and his adult son lives 1,000 miles away. Which of the following options would most likely be the type of living arrangement that would best serve Mr. Jones's needs? a. an adult daycare facility b. an assisted living facility c. a nursing home d. an Elderhostel

c. a nursing home

In a national survey of older Americans reported in the text, adults age 65 and over rated their health and wellbeing. The most accurate conclusion to be drawn from the data reported would be that _______ of the people in this study reported that their health was good to excellent and Black Americans reported _______ levels of health than did White Americans: a. less than half; lower b. less than half; higher c. about three-quarters; lower d. about three-quarters; higher

c. about three-quarters; lower

John says he fears becoming old because "old people are stupid, poor, in poor health, lonely, and they seldom can take care of themselves." John's statement is a good example of: a. senescence b. filial piety c. ageist stereotypes d. metacognition

c. ageist stereotypes

If Julie were the youngest child in her family and the last to leave home, she should expect that the stress her parents feel after she moves away will ______ and their level of marital satisfaction will _______. a. increase; increase b. increase; decrease c. decrease; increase d. decrease; decrease

c. decrease; increase

Brittany, age 23, has just been told by her doctor that she has only a few months to live due to a heart ailment. Her reaction is to say that the diagnosis must be wrong and to seek out opinions from other doctors. Brittany's reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross's five stages of dying? a. depression b. anger c. denial d. acceptance

c. denial

The goal of hospice is to: a. keep down the cost of health care b. prevent contamination from contagious diseases c. help terminally ill patients live their final days as fully and independently as possible d. allow the terminally ill person a spiritual retreat before death

c. help terminally ill patients live their final days as fully and independently as possible

To say that a condition is chronic means that it: a. involves a serious but brief illness b. is the result of genetic factors c. involves repeated occurrences or continuation of a disease d. is related to life style choices, such as alcoholism or smoking-related illnesses

c. involves repeated occurrences or continuation of a disease

Questions that assess a person's best time for retirement provide an index of a. functional well-being b. openness to experience c. retirement maturity d. emotional health

c. retirement maturity

Which of the following words means essentially the same thing as dementia? a. senescence b. stochastic c. senility d. ageism

c. senility

Frank says that he doesn't like having to use a walker, but at least he's in better shape than his brother, who must use a wheelchair. Frank's statement exemplifies the basic principle involved in: a. integrity b. despair c. social comparison d. conflict resolution

c. social comparison

Generalizing from research described in the text, you would expect older adults to suffer the greatest memory decrement on which of the following tasks? a. arithmetic calculations, such as balancing a check book b. vocabulary, such as that needed to solve a crossword puzzle c. storytelling of stories from their distant past or childhood d. knowledge of a second language learned in childhood and used in early adulthood

c. storytelling of stories from their distant past or childhood

Terry, a 73-year-old widower, was in the hospital for six months with cancer. Finally, the painful treatments got to be too much for him and he just gave up and let himself die. This passive form of suicide is best considered to be an example of: a. suicide-by-proxy b. anticipatory suicide c. submissive death d. unilateral death

c. submissive death

In 1900, the death rate of U.S. children under the age of 5 was ____; in 2014 it was ____. a. 8%; 4% b.18%; 8% c. 50%; 5% d. 30%; 1.5%

d. 30%; 1.5%

Which of the following is a disease that involves a progressive deterioration of brain cells, especially in the cerebral cortex, and is a common form of dementia? a. atherosclerosis b. osteoporosis c. Parkinson's disease d. Alzheimer's disease

d. Alzheimer's disease

If you were to estimate the typical percentage of prescription errors that occur in administering medicines to older adults, the most accurate percentage would be which of the following? a. Errors occur in about 1% of the prescriptions that are given. b. Errors occur in about 2% of the prescriptions that are given. c. Errors occur in about 5% of the prescriptions that are given. d. Errors occur in 15% or more the prescriptions that are given.

d. Errors occur in 15% or more the prescriptions that are given.

According to the text, which of the following factors accounts for the largest share of problems older adults have with driving a car? a. decline in visual acuity b. an increase in the probability of having cataracts c. increased hypertension that leads to mental errors of judgment d. a general slowing down of general cognitive abilities

d. a general slowing down of general cognitive abilities

According to terror management theory, thinking about one's own death leads to which of the following? a. denial b. despair c. confusion d. a stronger self-concept

d. a stronger self-concept

An elderly widow is angry with her children for telling her she should not live alone in her home anymore, because she fell recently. She blames the fall on inadequate lighting and claims that if her children did some house repairs, she could stay in her house. This woman's inability to deal with her changed circumstances reflects her difficulty in which of the following processes? a. making a successful status passage into older adulthood b. achieving intimacy with herself c. assimilation d. accommodation

d. accommodation

According to statistics reported in the text, the fastest-growing segment of the U. S. population is: a. adults ages 55-64 b. adults ages 65-74 c. adults ages 75-84 d. adults ages 85 and over

d. adults ages 85 and over

According to Piaget, if new events and changing circumstances can be absorbed into one's self-concept, this defines the process called: a. equilibration b. accommodation c. integrity d. assimilation

d. assimilation

Between 2003 and 2014, the number of hospice patients served in the United States: a. decreased very slightly b. remained about the same c. increased very slightly d. increased by about significantly

d. increased by about significantly

Frank reports that he just can't get to sleep, and if he does fall asleep, he can't stay asleep. His condition would be called: a. sleep apnea b. sleep aphasia c. sleep-related senescence d. insomnia

d. insomnia

When she is honest with herself, Judy recognizes that she has wasted many of the opportunities that could have led her to a positive lifestyle. In this respect, Judy is engaging in the developmental task that Erikson thought characterized which of the following periods of the lifespan? a. adolescence b. early adulthood c. middle adulthood d. later adulthood

d. later adulthood

A legal document that informs both family and healthcare workers of the signer's wish to avoid the use of "heroic measures" to maintain life in the event of irreversible illness is called a(n): a. donor's will b. medical power of attorney c. intestate will d. living will

d. living will

A small town has experienced an unusually high suicide rate in recent years. Local officials try to prevent future suicides by concentrating their efforts on those most likely to commit suicide. These people would be: a. women under age 21 b. women between ages 21 and 35 c. men under age 21 d. men over age 75

d. men over age 75

Suppose you show positive and negative images on a computer screen to younger and older adults. If younger adults remember 25% of the positive images and 25% of the negative images, you would expect that, of the total number of images they remembered, older adults would remember _____ positive images and _____ negative images. a. more than 25%; more than 25% b. less than 25%; less than 25% c. less than 25%; more than 25% d. more than 25%; less than 25%

d. more than 25%; less than 25%

Rod visited with a retirement counselor who asked him if he had adequate savings and income, a place to live, and other related questions to learn how prepared Rod is to retire. The retirement counselor was most likely trying to estimate Rod's index of: a. functional well-being b. emotional health c. openness to experience d. retirement maturity

d. retirement maturity

In comparison to grieving rituals common in the United States a century ago, today the grief rituals are _________ and are _________ effective in helping survivors deal with their loss. a. longer; more b. longer; no more c. shorter; more d. shorter; no more

d. shorter; no more

Generalizing from the text, terror management theory seems to provide the best predictions for which of the following groups of people? a. older people from collectivist cultures b. older people from individualist cultures c. younger people from collectivist cultures d. younger people from individualist cultures

d. younger people from individualist cultures