Linux+ Midterm Study Guide
In Linux, the core component of the GUI is known as:
X Windows
In order to set all of the special permissions on a certain file or directory, which command below should be used on a file named filename?
chmod 7777 filename
An extended partition can contain many subpartitions called ______.
logical drives.
What piece of software tells the operating system how to use a specific hardware device?
Device Driver
In a file's mode, a permissions that is unavailable is represented by what character?
-
At installation, Fedora Linux created a symbolic link called _____ to the correct device file for your first CD-ROM drive.
/dev/cdrom
What device file below represents the first primary partition on the second PATA hard disk drive?
/dev/hdb1
Under the root directory in Linux, which directory contains system commands and utilities?
/usr
What directory under / contains the log files and spools for a Linux system?
/var
What metacharacter can be used to issued two commands to be run in consecutive order, without piping or redirecting output?
;
When issuing the ls -F command, what special character indicates a linked file?
@
Each device attached to a system can be represented by multiple device files.
False
In Linux, you are restricted to using only one type of filesystem on a system.
False
Select the mode below that corresponds to setting r-w:
5
A file that contains the content of a DVD
ISO image
In what mode does the vi editor open by default?
command mode
Which option, when used with the mount command, enables loopback mode so that an iso image can be mounted onto a directory?
-o loop
What option, when added to the rm command, is commonly referred to as the -resume option?
-r
The mkfs command can be issued with what switch in order to specify a filesystem type?
-t
A hard drive or SSD can be divided into partitions. What is the maximum number of primary partitions that can be used on these devices?
4
When using the chmod command, the mode rwx can be represented by which number?
7
At the vi command mode prompt, what key combination below will force a quit from the vi editor without saving changes?
:q!
Also known as the Bourne Again Shell, this is the default command-line interface in Linux
BASH shell
In order to switch between terminals in Linux, a user can press what two keys in combination with the F1-F6 keys?
Ctrl ; Alt
A swap partition contains a filesystem.
False
It is acceptable to use shell metacharacters when naming files.
False
On closed-source operating systems, hot fixes for software bugs are deployed very quickly.
False
The rmdir command automatically removes a directory and all of the its subdirectories and files.
False
The term hacker refers to someone who illegally uses computers for personal benefit or to cause damage.
False
Volumes can contain a filesystem, but they can't be mounted to directories within the Linux filesystem hierarchy.
False
When a user interacts with his computer, he interacts directly with the kernel of the computer's operating system.
False
Shell scripts do not require the execute permission in order to be run the same way binary programs are run.
False.
The iptables software on Linux is an example of what kind of software?
Firewall
The QT toolkit is utilized by which GUI environment?
KDE
What software type is software that is distributed free of charge, but the source code is not available?
Freeware
The two main competing GUI environments available in Linux are:
GNU Network Object Model Environment (GNOME) ; K Desktop Environment (KDE)
What stipulates that the source code of any software published under its license must be freely available?
GNU Public License
The area of a large hard disk (> 2TB) outside a partition that stores partition information and boot loaders
GUID Partition Table
Which of the following is the greatest expense for companies using Linux?
Hiring people to maintain the Linux system
The Linux kernel was developed and released in 1991 by:
Linus Torvalds
What two Linux distributions below utilize the Debian package manager by default?
Linux Mint ; Ubuntu Linux
The area of a typical hard disk
Master Boot Record
When using command-line terminal, specific letters that start with a dash ("-") and appear after command names are considered to be:
Options
What Linux distribution is the most commonly used distribution within organizations today?
Red Hat
What two disk systems allow for the use of more that four hard drives or SSDs in a single system?
SATA ; SCSI
What two special permissions can be applied in order to effectively allow a user to become owner of a file, or become a member of a group, by executing a file?
SUID SGID
If enough unique letters of a directory name have been typed, what key can be pressed to activate the BASH shell's completion feature?
Tab
At minimum, Linux typically requires only two partitions to be created, a partition that is mounted to the root directory, and a partition for virtual memory.
True
By default, Fedora 20 allows the root user to log into the GNOME desktop.
True
Linux uses a logical directory tree to organize files into different folders.
True
Many programming function libraries and UNIX-like commands appeared in the 1980s as a result of the work on the GNU project.
True
Open Source Software (OSS) is freely developed and continuously improved by a large community of software developers.
True
The database for the locate command can be updated manually by the updatedb command.
True
The more command should not be used on binary files.
True
The more filesystems that are used on a system, the less likely a corrupted filesystem will interfere with normal system operations.
True
You can use wildcard metacharacters with the find command.
True
In order to move from the /home/joe/test/data to the /home/joe/ directory, which command below should be issued?
cd ../..
When viewing the version number for a Linux kernel, what number indicated the stability of the kernel?
minor number
The process of _____ requires that each user must log in with a valid username and password before gaining access to a user interface.
authentication
To display the contents of a text file called data, what command should be used?
cat data
What command can be used to copy files?
cp
Select the command below that shows the size of a directory and its contents in kilobytes:
du
Select the command that can be used to check an ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem:
e2fsck
An alternative to the vi editor that offers an equal set of functionality is the GNU _____.
emacs
What permission (when applied to a directory) allows a user to enter the directory and work with directory contents?
execute
After a shell is no longer needed, what command can be given to exit the shell?
exit
An improved version of the ext3 filesystem, with an extended feature set and better performance
ext4
Select the command that can used to create partitions that will be stored in an MBR after installation:
fdisk
What command is the most effective at identifying different types of files?
file
The way in which a hard disk or SSD partition is formatted to allow data to reside on the physical media
filesystem
Errors on a filesystem are common on most filesystems. What do these errors indicate?
filesystem corruption
What command can be used to check different kinds of filesystems on Linux for errors?
fsck
What argument can be used with the chmod command to add read permissions and remove write permission for a group on a file?
g+r-w
The __________ command can be used to create and work with up to 128 primary partitions on a GPT hard disk using an interface that is nearly identical to fdisk.
gdisk
Filenames that start with a period, such as .file, are referred to as _____ files.
hidden
A filesystem function that keeps track of the information that needs to be written to the hard disk or SSD in a journal.
journaling
The _____ is the core component of the Linux operating system
kernel
In order to create a hard link, what command must be used?
ln
Select below the command and the associated alias available on most Linux systems that displays a long listing for each file in a directory?
ls - l ll
Select the command below that can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a directory:
ls -l
When displaying a large test file, what two commands provide the ability to show text in a page by page fashion?
more less
To mount all filesystems in the /etc/fstab file that are intended to mount at boot time, what command can be used?
mount -a
Because Linux has the ability to manage thousands of tasks at the same time, including allowing multiple users to access the system simultaneously, it is referred to as an operating system that is:
multiuser ; multitasking
In a file listing, the 9 characters following the file type (for example, -rwxr-xr-x) refer to the file's _____.
permissions or mode
When a user creates a file or directory, that user's name and ____ becomes the owner and group owner of the file, respectively.
primary group
What command below can be used to create a new physical volume?
pvcreate
What command can be issued to confirm what directory you are in at a command line prompt?
pwd
In what filesystem are most of the operating system files contained?
root
Each track on a hard disk is divided into ______ of information.
sectors
A user interface that accepts input from the user and passes the input to the kernel for processing
shell
After logging into a terminal, a user will receive an interface known as which option bellow?
shell
What two commands below will halt a Linux system immediately?
shutdown -H now ; halt
To create a _____ link, you use the -s option to the ln command.
symbolic
The channel that allows a certain user to log in and communicate with the kernel via a user interface
terminal
What section of an inode that stores permissions is referred to as what?
the mode of the file
In order to quickly create an empty file, what command can be used?
touch file1
Data is read from physical hard drives in concentric circles known as which of the following?
tracks
In Fedora 20, what terminal is used for graphical login?
tty1
An area of a hard disk or SSD (swap partition) that can be used to store information that normally resides in physical memory (RAM), if the physical memory is being used excessively.
virtual memory
The Linux kernel exists as a file named:
vmlinuz
In Linux, the command _____ displays currently logged-in users.
who
Which Linux command can be utilized to display your current login name?
whoami
Due to the fact that the * character can be used to match all characters in a filename, or all files in a directory, it is referred to as a _____ metacharacter.
wildcard
What permission (when assigned to a file) grants a user the ability to open, read, and edit the contents of a file?
write
What permission grants a user the ability to open, read, and edit the contents of a file?
write
What metacharacter can be used to refer to the current user's home directory?
~
