Long Bone

Periosteum

Anchors blood vessels and nerve to bone; membrane covering all bones; nourishes, repairs and helps protect the bone.

Periosteal Blood Vessel

Blood vessels that supply blood to periosteum.

Compact Bone

Dense and hard bone; makes up shafts of long bones and the outer surfaces of all bones.

Central Canal

In the center; blood vessels and nerves pass through this.

Proximal Epiphysis

Knobby end of the long bone; closest to the trunk

Distal Epiphysis

Knobby end of the long bone; farthest from the trunk.

Lamella

Layer of bone connective tissues; have collagen fibers = strengthens bones.

Endosteum

Layer of cells that line the inside of the bones; found in the medullary cavity.

Red Bone Marrow

Makes blood cells; also makes yellow marrow found in the marrow cavity.

Osteocyte

Mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix; located in lacunae around the central canal.

Epiphyseal Line

Plate of cartilage that separates the head of the from the shaft.

Perforating Canal

Run perpendicular to central canals and can connect multiple central canals; connects multiple osteons.

Canaliculus

Small canals that connect the lacunae and the central canal

Lacuna

Small spaces between bone matrix; where osteocytes can be found.

Spongy Bone

Sponge-like bone with marrow filled pores; found inside the ends of long bones.

Yellow Bone Marrow

Stores fat; made from red bone marrow, but can turn back if needed; found in shaft of long bones.

Medullar Cavity

Stores yellow bone marrow; central cavity of bone shafts inside the shaft; where the bone marrow is made.

Osteon

Structural unit of the compact bone; runs parallel to the shaft; has several components.

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone; between the two ends.